auscultation Flashcards
auscultation placement
four anterior bilateral
and six posterior
each on midaxillary
what are the two main parts of auscultation ?
Air entry
-compares aerated areas of the lungs to non aerated (both sides) Ex. pneumonia decreases air entry heard to RLL
breath sounds -
compares normal breath sounds to abnormal or adventitious sounds.
breath sounds
sounds made by flow pitch intensity quality duration of insp/ exp phases
tracheal breath sound
Loud, high-pitched breath sound heard directly over the trachea with an equal inspiratory and expiratory component
bronchial sound
Sounds over trachea and mainstem bronchi. Categorized as high pitched, high intensity, loud, and long expirations.
vesicular breath sounds
Normal parynchyma sounds
Categorized as: low pitched, low intensity, soft & short expiration. “Breezy – Rustling”
bronchovesicular breath sounds
Combination of the two
Mostly over major bronchi
Categorized as: moderate pitch and intensity
what can dimished breath sounds tells us
suggest shallow breathing or hyperinflation of the lung with emphysema.
what does bronchial breath sounds suggest
suggest an increased in lung density as occurs with pneumonia
wheezes
continuous heard most often on exhalation
can be short/ long
related to flow (airway narrowing)
crackles
discontinuous- heard most often on inspiration
Movement of excessive secretions or fluid in the airways as air passes through
Collapsed airways “pop” open during inspiration.
stridor
monophonic high pitched wheeze heard over the upper airway in patients with croup or epiglottis.
pleural friction rub
leather rub, occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes (pleurisy) rub together
fine crackles
high pitched
opening of collapsed alveoli
adventitious sound for COPD
crackles- early insp
wheezes- exp
