Australia Flashcards
(440 cards)
1
Q
In __(When)__, Captain __(Who)__ landed the First Fleet, eleven ships whose passengers included British soldiers, convicts, and a few free settlers, along the coastline of __(Where)__
A
1788 Captain Arthur Phillip landed the First Fleet, eleven ships whose passengcers included British soldiers, convicts, and a few free settlers, along the coastline of Botany Bay
2
Q
Where did the First Fleet take Vine cuttings from to Australia ? When and when were the first vines planted?
A
At the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, and the British planted vines near Sydney upon landing in 1788
3
Q
Vines Spread from New South Wales to Tasmania in __(When)__, and from Tasmania to South Australia by __(When)__ and to Victoria in __(When)__
A
New South Wales to Tasmania in 1823, and from Tasmania to South Australia by 1837 and to Victoria in 1838
4
Q
Where were the first vines planted in Western Australia and when?
A
In the Swan River Colony of Western Australia, settlers planted the first vineyard in 1830
5
Q
When were the below estates founded:
Lindeman’s (1843),
Penfolds (1844),
Orlando Wines (1847),
Yalumba (1849)
A
Lindeman’s (1843),
Penfolds (1844),
Orlando Wines (1847),
Yalumba (1849)
6
Q
Phylloxera was only spread where?
A
Victoria and a small foothold near Sydney
7
Q
When was the “Vine-pull” Scheme?
A
1980’s
8
Q
Who founded Mt. Pleasant in Hunter ? When?
A
Maurice O’Shea founded Mt. Pleasant in 1925
9
Q
Max Schubert worked for Penfolds between when to when?
A
Schubert worked from 1948 to 1975 as Chief Winemaker for Penfolds
10
Q
Penfolds “Grange Hermitage” first vintage? Main grape?
A
1951
Shiraz
11
Q
When did Penfold’s “Grange Hermitage” change to Penfolds “Grange”
A
1990
12
Q
Who produces “Hill of Grace” and when was the first vintage? Main grape?
A
Henschke “Hill of Grace”
1958
Shiraz
13
Q
Top 3 vintages in Australia from 1990-2000
A
1990
1991
1998
14
Q
When was Langton’s “Classification of Australian Wine” created?
A
1991
15
Q
Langton’s “Classification of Australian Wine” is now in it’s ____th installment,
which includes
__(How many)__ wines in its “First Classified” category and
__(How many)__ in its “Classified” category.
A
8th
21 wines in its “First Classified” category and
79 in its “Classified” category.
16
Q
Australia is currently the ______th-largest producer of wine in the world.
A
Australia is currently the seventh-largest producer of wine in the world.
17
Q
Of the six states that compose the Commonwealth of Australia, which 3 were responsible for about 97% of total production in 2019
A
South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria
18
Q
The top five varieties in Australia, in order of planting, are?
A
Shiraz > Cabernet Sauvignon > Chardonnay > Merlot > Semillon
19
Q
In the export markets of Europe and the US, Australian vintage-dated wines always appear on shelves before Northern Hemisphere wines, as the harvest occurs how many months earlier in the wine-producing countries of the Southern Hemisphere?
A
6 months
20
Q
Wine Australia, a government authority was established when? As what name at the start?
A
1981
Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation
21
Q
When did Wine Australia introduce the “Label Integrity Program” for the 1990 vintage
A
From the 1990 vintage
22
Q
Label Integrity Program 3 basic requirements?
A
1) Requiring any wines labeled by variety, vintage, or region to contain a minimum 85% of the stated grape, year, or region, respectively.
2) If multiple varieties are to be listed on the label (i.e., Grenache-Syrah-Mourvèdre) the grapes must be listed in order of proportion in the blend.
3) All components making up a minimum 85% of the blend must appear on the label, and no listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed variety.
*85% rule
23
Q
When did the Australian government signed an agreement with the EU to prohibit the use of European geographical names on Australian labels
A
1993 the Australian government signed an agreement with the EU to prohibit the use of European geographical names on Australian labels, and in turn Australian wine producers gained greater access to European markets.
24
Q
When was the last year all EU geographical names were phased out?
A
Some lesser-used geographical names, like Chianti and Madeira, were phased out by 1997; other more popular names, like Sherry and Tokay, were subject to further negotiations
25
When was the Australian appellation system (GI - Geographical Indications) born?
The Australian appellation system was born, and the first GIs rolled out in 1994.
26
When did Wine Australia responded to EU laws requiring varietal wines to bear a specific region on the label by authorizing the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia, which encompasses all of Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales, along with the winegrowing areas of South Australia and Queensland.
In 1996
27
When did the EU and Australia sign a new agreement establishing immediate legal protection for the most entrenched European Geographical Indications and Traditional Expressions in Australia.
2008
28
When onwards were Australian producers barred from using European GIs like Burgundy, Champagne, Sherry, and Port; and Traditional Expressions like Claret and Amontillado?
From 2011 onwards
Some expressions, such as Tawny, Solera, and Icewine, were reaffirmed for use under the new agreement. but the hotly contested “Tokay,” used by Rutherglen producers for more than a century, will be finally phased out by 2020. The loss of old terms is a catalyst for replacements: Tokay becomes Topaque and Sherry becomes Apera, an all-too-Australian play on “aperitif.”
29
Shiraz wines were traditionally labelled as what in Australia
Hermitage
30
When will the term "Tokay" phase out?
What will Tokay and sherry be called respectively in the future?
The hotly contested “Tokay,” used by Rutherglen producers for more than a century, will be finally phased out by 2020.
Tokay becomes Topaque.
Sherry becomes Apera, an all-too-Australian play on “aperitif.
31
What does AWRI and CSIRO stand for respectively?
Where are they both based?
The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI)
and
Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
Both based in Adelaide
32
The term "Flying winemakers" originated in reference to what nationals?
Australian winemakers rose to the forefront of viticultural innovation, utilizing modern techniques of canopy management and high-tech soil mapping, and they have spread their winemaking acumen across the globe as “flying winemakers”
33
Scientists from which organisation successfully sequenced the genome for Brettanomyces? When?
What is the Latin name for Brettanomyces?
AWRI scientists in 2011
Dekkera bruxellensis
34
The peppery smell of Syrah is related to what?
Sesquiterpene rotundone
35
Where can you find the winery Mildara wines?
Coonawarra
36
When did it become increasingly popular in Australia not to prune at all?
Which organisation developed the concept of minimal pruning? How does it work?
In the 1980s
The concept of minimal pruning, developed by CSIRO in the 1970s, relies on a vine’s natural self-discipline over time to keep its growth in check, and growers are essentially freed from winter pruning tasks.
37
The Australians developed which 2 irrigation methods?
Restrictive irrigation techniques of:
Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and
Partial rootzone drying (PRD)
38
Explain RDI Process. Pros and Cons
By utilizing RDI after fruit set, vineyard managers could limit vegetative growth while enhancing fruit coloration and restricting berry size, and it is thus particularly useful for red wine grapes. However, water deficit may lower yield, and negatively impact the development of aromatic varieties by slowing the accumulation of monoterpenes in the ripening grapes. RDI provides only marginal water use savings, and lower water use efficiency.
39
Explain PRD Process. Pros and Cons
PRD, on the other hand, reduces total water use by up to 50% by alternating the application of drip irrigation from one side of a vine row to the other, keeping half of the rootzone irrigated and half dry. PRD may accomplish many of the same results in terms of heightened grape quality, but it does not greatly affect yield. In the driest inhabited continent on earth, where periods of drought seem increasingly debilitating, PRD is quickly becoming a favored means of significant water usage reduction, and it makes positive economic and qualitative sense
40
What are the temperatures of cool white wine fermentations and moderate red wine fermentations for the purpose of preserving fruit character?
Fruit character is preserved through cool white wine fermentations (in the 50-60° F range) and moderate red wine fermentations (in the 70-80° F range)
41
Is chaptalisation allowed in Australia?
No, it is illegal
42
Which nationals developed bag-in-the-box technology and when ?
Australians developed bag-in-the-box technology in the 1960s, and they were early and avid proponents of the screwcap closure.
43
What did South Australia do to prevent Phylloxera from entering it's state ?
SA managed to avoid phylloxera despite ruin in neighboring Victoria’s vineyards by quickly implementing a total ban on imported vine material in 1874
44
Name 2 of the country’s largest wine groups headquartered in South Australia
Accolade Wines and Premium Wine Brands (Pernod Ricard)
45
How many zones is South Australia divided into?
The state is divided into eight zones
46
Which zones are within the Adelaide Super Zone?
Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges
47
Adelaide Super Zone is along which coastline
Gulf of St. Vincent coastline
48
Who planted a vineyard along the banks of Jacob’s Creek in Rowland Flat, establishing Orlando Wines
1847 Bavarian immigrant Johann Gramp.
49
What was Jacob's Creek known as?
Orlando wines
South Australia's first commercial winery
50
Where and who produces the world's oldest Shiraz? When was it planted?
Langmeil’s “Freedom” vineyard, planted 1843
Barossa Valley
51
Where and who produces the world's oldest Grenache? When was it planted?
Cirillo Grenache 1850
Barossa Valley
52
Where and who produces the world's oldest Mataro / Mourvèdre ? When was it planted?
Hewitson Mataro from the Koch family’s “Old Garden” 1853
Barossa Valley
53
Where and who produces Australia's oldest Cabernet Sauvignon ? When was it planted?
Penfolds’ “Block 42” Kalimna Cabernet Sauvignon 1888
Barossa Valley
54
Which company developed the Barossa Old Vine Charter? When was it formalised?
Yalumba 2009
55
Please state Barossa Old Vine Charter's age categories
Old (at least 35 years of age),
Survivor (at least 70 years of age),
Centenarian (at least 100 years old),
Ancestor (at least 125 years old).
56
How old are Survivor vines according to the Barossa Old Vine Charter
At least 70 years of age
57
Barossa Zone is divided into which 2 GIs?
Barossa Valley GI
Eden Valley GI
58
Australia's largest fine wine region
Barossa Valley GI
59
Name the 4 largest regions overall from largest
Riverland
Riverina
Murray Darling
Barossa Valley
60
Barossa Valley's soil composition
Barossa Valley floor has deep, loamy clay soils and a plentiful reserve of underground water to accommodate irrigation during the region’s dry summers
61
Who produces "100 Year Old Para Liqueur" and where
Seppeltsfield, Barossa Valley
62
Barossa Valley's most planted grape
Shiraz
63
Who produces “The Command” and where
Elderton "The Command"
Barossa Valley
64
Who produces “RunRig” and where?
Torbreck "RunRig"
Barossa Valley
65
Who produces “The Laird” and where? First vintage?
Torbreck "The Laird" 2005
Barossa Valley
66
Barossa Valley's Unofficial subzones
1) Gomersal/Rosedale,
2) Southern Barossa Valley (Lyndoch/Williamstown),
3) Rowland Flat District,
4) Barossa Foothills (Vine Vale),
5) Light Pass/Stockwell,
6) Northern Barossa Valley,
7) Western Ridge (Greenock/Seppeltsfield),
8) Stonewell/Central Tanunda
67
What is a major natural feature of Barossa Valley
Barossa Ranges (the hills of Eden Valley, on the Barossa Valley's eastern border)
68
When did Barossa Valley receive it's GI
1997
69
Who produced Australia’s first "Sparkling Burgundy"? Where and when?
Edmund Mazure
Adelaide Hills in 1888
70
Which producer popularised "Sparkling Burgundy"
Great Western from Victoria
71
What was the “Cold Duck” fad?
Flooding the market with cheap, sweet, carbonated red wines, joined by Orlando Wines
72
How are Barossa Sparkling Shiraz usually produced?
A base Shiraz is fermented to dryness and aged in oak prior to undergoing a second fermentation in tank—only a very few sparkling Shiraz wines are produced in the traditional method.
Typically, sweetness is added through a small dosage of Australian Tawny, and most examples are at least semi-sweet in style.
73
Name 2 reputable Sparkling Shiraz producers
Rockford and Peter Rumball (who sources fruit from Coonawarra)
74
Who produces “Margaret” Semillon? How old are the Semillon and where are they planted?
Peter Lehmann’s “Margaret,” 1929 Semillon vineyard
Barossa Valley
75
When was "Hill of Grace" planted
1860
Eden Valley
76
Who produces "Tricentenary Grenache"? When and where was it planted?
Yalumba "Tricentenary Grenache" 1889
Barossa Valley
77
Who produces "Freedom Shiraz"? When was it planted
Langmeil "Freedom Shiraz" 1843
78
Who planted his Pewsey Vale vineyard in the windswept Barossa Ranges east of the Barossa Valley, and winemaking arrived in Eden Valley
Joseph Gilbert
79
What is unique about the top soil of Eden Valley
A thin layer of red clay colors the hills of Eden, and granite outcrops are everywhere
80
Where can you find Gnadenberg Church ?
Hill of Grace, Eden Valley
81
Main grape of Eden Valley
Riesling
82
Who produces "Mt. Edelstone"
Henschke
83
Eden Valley's Official Subzone
High Eden GI
84
Australia’s pioneering producers of Chardonnay in the 70's? Where?
1970s by Mountadam. Eden Valley
85
When was Eden Valley GI established?
1997
86
The McLaren Vale GI, bounded by the________(What)______ to the east and the _____(What)_____ to the west
The McLaren Vale GI, bounded by the South Mt. Lofty Ranges to the east and the Gulf of St. Vincent to the west
87
What is Generational Farming?
Generation Of Farming is a system in which farmers enter into agreements with buyers, often agribusinesses, processors, or exporters, to produce and supply agricultural products.
88
Main grape of McLaren Vale?
Shiraz > Cabernet Sauvignon > Grenache
89
Fleuriue Zone's GIs
McLaren Vale GI
Currency Creek GI
Langhorne Creek GI
Kangaroo Island GI
Southern Fleurieu GI
90
Coolest and most northern area of McLaren Vale GI?
Clarendon
91
What is "Scarce earth"?
A new project that seeks to recognize the hallmarks of individual sites rather than obscure their imprint through blending
92
What does MVSWGA stand for?
McLaren Vale Sustainable Winegrowing Australia
93
What are “Scarce Earth” wines? What grape is permitted? Minimum vine age? What other requirements ?
With the publication of the “Geology of the McLaren Vale Wine Region” map in 2010, Scarce Earth allows members of McLaren Vale Sustainable Winegrowing Australia (MVSWGA) to submit Shiraz wines from single sites to an annual tasting panel for possible approval as “Scarce Earth” wines
To be considered, wines must be produced from vines that are at least ten years of age, and the wines may not be excessively shaded by oak, faults, over- or under-ripeness—fairly fluid decrees determined by taste profile rather than clear numerical guidelines.
94
In McLaren Vale, where does Grenache perform particularly well?
Grenache performs particularly well in the sandier areas of
Blewitt Springs and Kangarilla
95
Most planted white variety of McLaren Vale?
Chardonnay
96
Soil types of McLaren Vale
-Red brown loam is dominant, but the Vale's geological makeup is complex. The following seven "terranes" (areas in which one rock or group of rocks is prevalent) have been identified:
1) The Ancient Rocks: Ancient bedrock
2) Sand and Sandstone: This terrane includes the subtypes Maslin Sands, Pirramimma Sandstone, Ochre Cove Formation (red and yellow sandstone), and Semaphore Sand (beach sand)
3) Limestone Country
4) Clay Plains of Aldinga
5) The Piedmont: Alluvial deposits
6) Talus Slope: Variable soils near the Willunga Fault
7) Alluvial Flats
97
When was McLaren Vale GI established
1997
98
What is the lake south of Langhorne Creek?
Lake Alexandrina
99
Fleurieu's most significant wine growing region?
Langhorne Creek GI
100
Which estate is Langhorne Creek's longest-running producer, established their vineyards in 1890
Metala, Treasury wine estates
101
When did Wolf Blass arrive to Langhorne Creek
1967
102
When did Orlando Wines arrive to Langhorne Creek
1995 (Jacob's Creek today)
103
Which 2 rivers run along Langhorne Creek
Bremer and Angas Rivers
104
When was Langhorne Creek GI established
1998
105
Where can you find Bremerton Wines?
Langhorne Creek
106
Where can you find Bleasdale Vineyards
Langhorne Creek
107
Where can you find Temple Bruer
Langhorne Creek
108
Main grape of Langhorne Creek
Shiraz
109
Main grape of Currency Creek
Shiraz > Cab Sauv > Chardonnay
110
Which GI is at the mouth of Murray River?
Currency Creek GI
111
Which Lake and which Bay is around Currency Creek?
Lake Alexandrina and Encounter Bay
112
Where can you find Stonemason winery?
Currency Creek
113
When was Currency Creek GI established?
2001
114
Most planted grape of Southern Fleurieu GI
Shiraz > Cab Sauv > Sauvignon Blanc
115
Major Natural Features of Southern Fleurieu
Southern Ocean and Gulf of St. Vincent
116
Where can you find Parri Estate?
Southern Fleurieu
117
When was Southern Fleurieu GI Established?
2001
118
Kangaroo Island, is separated from __(What)__ on the Fleurieu Peninsula by the 8.4-mile wide __(What)__
Kangaroo Island, is separated from Cape Jervis on the Fleurieu Peninsula by the 8.4-mile wide Backstair Passage
119
Which is Fleurieu zone’s smallest GI
Kangaroo Island GI
120
Where was the site of the first official European colonial settlement in South Australia, predating the founding of Adelaide by five months.
Kangaroo Island
121
When was Kangaroo Island GI established?
2000
122
Where can you find Islander Estate?
Kangaroo Island
123
Where can you find Cape d'Estaing?
Kangaroo Island
124
Which GIs are in Mount Lofty Ranges Zone
Clare Valley GI
Adelaide Hills GI
Adelaide Plains GI
125
Mount Lofty Ranges post heavily planted region?
Clare Valley
126
Most vineyards are located between which 2 towns in the Clare Valley?
Towns of Auburn and Clare itself
127
Where can you find Sevenhill cellars
Clare Valley
128
Clare Valley's first true winery?
Sevenhill cellars
129
Where can you find AP Birks Wendouree?
Clare Valley
130
Unofficial sub zones of Clare Valley
1) Polish Hill,
2) Watervale,
3) Auburn,
4) Sevenhill,
5) Clare
131
Soil types of Polish hill and watervale?
Devonian blue slate (Polish Hill) and terra rossa over limestone (Watervale)
132
When was Clare Valley GI established?
1996
133
Where can you find Grosset
Clare Valley
134
Where can you find Kilikanoon
Clare Valley
135
Where can you find Jim Barry
Clare Valley
136
Where can you find Taylors
Clare Valley
137
Most planted grape of Clare Valley
Shiraz > Cab Sauv >
138
Who produces "Armagh"? From where and what grape?
Jim Barry, Clare Valley Shiraz
139
Subregions of Adelaide Hills
Lenswood GI and Piccadilly Valley GI
140
South Australia’s wettest points
Mount Lofty
141
Piccadilly Valley GI main grape
Chardonnay
142
Which estate planted Adelaide Hills’ first modern commercial vineyard in 1976
Petaluma in Piccadilly Valley
143
Adelaide Hills GI most planted variety
Sauvignon Blanc (Mainly in Lenswood)
144
Main red grapes of Adelaide hills
Pinot Noir and Shiraz
145
Largest winery in Adelaide hills
Shaw + Smith
146
Where can you find Petaluma
Adelaide Hills
147
Where can you find Shaw + Smith?
Adelaide Hills
148
Where can you find The Lane?
Adelaide Hills
149
Where can you find Ashton Hills?
Adelaide Hills
150
Where can you find BK Wines?
Adelaide Hills
151
When was Adelaide Hills GI Established?
1998
152
Which GI is the coolest and rainiest region within the entire Adelaide Super Zone
Adelaide Hills GI
153
Which GI is the warmest, and nearly its driest within the entire Adelaide Super Zone
Adelaide Plains GI
154
Where can you find Penfold's Magill Estate
Adelaide Plains
155
Major Natural Feature of Adelaide Plains
Gulf of Saint Vincent
156
Where can you find Primo Estate
Adelaide Plains
157
Where can you find Ceravolo Estate
Adelaide Plains
158
159
When was Adelaide Plains GI Established ?
2002
160
Which GIs are in limestone coast zone?
1) Mount Benson
2) Mount Gambier
3) Coonawarra
4) Padthaway
5) Robe
6) Wrattonbully
161
Soil type for Coonawarra
Terra Rossa, a clay based red soil
162
Most planted white variety in Coonawarra
Chardonnay
163
Main grape of Coonawarra
Cabernet Sauvignon
164
Where was the Penola Fruit Colony founded? By who? What was the winery called?
Coonawarra, by John Riddoch, Chateau Comaum
165
Penola Fruit Colony was renamed into?
Coonawarra
166
Which estate produced Coonawarra “Treasure Chest” Clarets from 1949 to 1956
Chateau Comaum owned by Woodley's under the direction of Bill Redman
167
Which estate produced Coonawarra Cabernet Sauvignon, “Peppermint Pattie,”
Mildara in 1955
168
Which estate purchased Chateau Comaum and Riddoch’s core property from Woodley’s in 1951
The Wynns
169
Who produces "John Riddoch"
Wynns, Coonawarra
170
Which GI was initially approved but scraped due to the Coonawarra eliminated area decided by Terra Rossa soil?
Penola GI in 2000, but scraped few years later
171
When was Coonawarra Gi established ?
2003
172
Where can you find Majella?
Coonawarra
173
Where can you find Penley Estate?
Coonawarra
174
Where can you find Balnaves?
Coonawarra
175
Where can you find Zema Estate
Coonawarra
176
Where can you find Wynns
Coonawarra
177
Most planted variety in Padthaway GI
Shiraz
178
Where can you find Stonehaven?
Padthaway
179
Where can you find Browns of Padthaway?
Padthaway
180
When was Padthaway GI established ?
1999
181
Main grape of Wrattonbully
Cabernet Sauvignon
182
Where can you find Koppamurra Vineyard? Owned by which estate?
Wrattonbully, owned by Tapanappa estate
183
Major natural features of Wrattonbully
-Stewarts Range, Naracoorte Range, Caves Range, Hynam Range
-World Heritage Naracoorte Caves (limestone)
184
When was Wrattonbully GI established ?
2005
185
Where can you find Tapanappa?
Wrattonbully
186
Main grapes of Mount Gambier
Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc
187
When was Mount Gambier GI established
2010
188
Where can you find Caroline Hills estate?
Mount Gambier
189
What is the main grape of Mount Benson?
Shiraz
190
When was Mount Benson GI established ?
1997
191
Where can you find Cape Jaffa?
Mount Benson
192
Where can you find Norfolk Rise Vineyard
Mount Benson
193
Most planted grape in Robe GI
Shiraz
194
When was Robe GI established?
2006
195
What are the 3 lakes around Robe GI
1) Lake George,
2) Lake Eliza,
3) Lake St. Clair
196
Which GI is in Lower Murray Zone?
Riverland GI
197
Most planted varieties in Riverland GI
Chardonnay and Shiraz
198
Where can you find the largest planting of Petit Verdot in Australia? Farmed by?
Riverland GI. Kingston Estate approx 100ha
199
When was Riverland GI established ?
1998
200
Where can you find Oxford Landing?
Riverland GI
201
Where can you find Banrock Station?
Riverland GI
202
Where can you find Kingston Estate
Riverland GI
203
Which GI is in Far North Zone
Southern Flinders Range GI
204
When was Southern Flinders Range GI established?
2003
205
Major Natural features of Southern Flinders Range GI
Flinders Ranges and
Spencer Gulf
206
Where can you find Bundaleer Wines
Southern Flinders Range GI
207
Where can you find Springton Cellars
Southern Flinders Range GI
208
How many zones are there in South Australia? What are they?
6
Fleurieu Zone (ASZ)
Barossa Zone (ASZ)
Mount Lofty Ranges Zone (ASZ)
Lower Murray Zone
Far North Zone
Limestone Coast Zone
(ASZ) =. Adelaide Super Zone
209
Where can you find Australia's now-oldest continuously operating winery? Who founded? When? What is the name of the estate?
In Hunter Valley
Wyndham Estate
George Wyndham founded
1828
210
Who planted Australia’s first commercial Shiraz vineyard? When and where?
George Wyndham 1830 in Hunter Valley
211
Who is the “father” of the Australian wine industry
James Busby (1801-1871)
212
What was James Busby's contribution to Australia's wine world
Busby moved to New South Wales in the early 1820s, but returned to Europe in 1831, gathering various vine cuttings from Spain and France.
He gathered hundreds of specimens, and planted them upon his return, dividing the cuttings between his Kirkton estate in the Hunter Valley and the Sydney Botanical Gardens.
These vines, including Rhône, Bordeaux, and Burgundy varieties, represent the core of Australia's viticultural heritage.
213
What was James Busby's estate called? Where was it?
Kirkton estate in the Hunter Valley
214
Which GI in NSW is phylloxera free?
Hunter valley
215
What is the massive project delivering water from the Murrumbidgee (a major tributary of the Murray River) to the otherwise dry and drought-prone farmlands in the Riverina region west of the Great Dividing Range called?
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area 1912
216
Where was De Bortoli established? near the town of Griffith in 1928
Near the town of Griffith in 1928
217
What type of wine was Riverina famous for
Fortified
218
Who was Maurice O'Shea
Maurice O’Shea, the first great Australian winemaker of the 1900s, produced Hunter Valley Shiraz table wines (labeled as “Hunter Burgundy”) for McWilliams’ Mt. Pleasant until his death in 1956
219
What was the grape for "Hunter Burgundy"? Who produced it?
Shiraz
Maurice O'Shea for McWilliams' Mt Pleasant
220
Before Riverina moved to table wines, what grapes were mainly planted there?
Pedro and Trebbiano
221
What are the major climatic features in New South Wales ?
The Pacific Ocean and
The Great Dividing Range
222
How does the Great Dividing Range affect the vineyards of New South Wales?
The Great Dividing Range, a complex of mountain chains running along the entire coastline of NSW, blocks western areas from rainfall and cooling maritime breezes—the inland zones of Big Rivers and Western Plains are especially arid and progressively hotter as one moves north
223
What and where are the highest mountains of Australia ?
Snowy Mountains, an alpine sector of the Great Dividing Range located within the Southern New South Wales zone
224
What GI is in Hunter Valley?
Hunter GI
225
Official Subzones of Hunter GI
-Upper Hunter Valley GI - 2010
-*Pokolbin GI - 2010
-*Broke Fordwich GI - 1997
*-Within lower hunter
226
How many and what zones are there in New South Wales?
8
Big Rivers
Northern Rivers
Northern Slopes
Central Ranges
South Coast
Southern New South Wales
Hunter Valley
Western Plains (*No GI)
227
Largest and smallest official sub zones of Hunter GI
Largest - Pokolbin GI (1355ha)
Smallest - Upper Hunter Valley GI (471ha)
228
Which 2 towns is Pokolbin situated?
Singleton and Cessnock
229
Unofficial sub zones of Hunter GI
Allandale,
Belford,
Dalwood,
Rothbury
(all located in the Lower Hunter)
230
Major town of Upper Hunter Valley
Muswellbrook
231
Major towns of Lower Hunter
Singleton,
Maitland,
Cessnock
232
Soil types of Upper Hunter Valley and Lower Hunter respectively
Upper Hunter Valley GI: Black silt loam, dark clay loam
Lower Hunter: Friable loam, red friable duplex soils
233
2 main rivers of Hunter Valley
Hunter and Goulburn rivers
234
When was Hunter Valley GI established
1997
235
Where in Upper Hunter Valley did Penfolds first plant their vines there?
1960, Penfolds established 250 ha of vines at Wybong
236
What is Hunter Valley's climate like
One of the warmest and wettest climates among Australia’s winegrowing regions.
It is sub-tropical and humid, and the Lower Hunter averages over 20 inches of rain during the growing season.
237
South Australia’s warmest GI
Riverland GI
238
Is Upper Hunter Valley considered a cool or warm climate?
According to Winkler’s Scale, the marginally warmer Upper Hunter Valley is considered Region IV—a zone best utilized for fortified wine production—and is actually hotter than the Riverland, South Australia’s warmest GI
239
Top varieties of Hunter Valley
Semillon, Chardonnay, Verdelho, Shiraz
240
Most planted grape in the Hunter Valley
Semillon
241
What grape is "Hunter Riesling"?
Semillon
242
When are Classic Hunter Semillon usually harvested ?
Classic Hunter Semillon is harvested at the end of January or during the first week in February, at Baumé levels of 9-12°
243
Who produces “Vat 1” ? What grape from where?
Tyrrell's
Semillon from Hunter Valley
244
Who produces “ILR Reserve,”? What grape from where?
What does ILR stand for?
Brokenwood
Semillon from Hunter Valley
ILR - Iain Leslie Riggs, Chief winemaker
245
Which estate did the first varietal bottling of Chardonnay? Where? When?
What was the wine called?
Tyrrell's in Hunter Valley, 1971
Tyrrell's “Vat 47 Pinot Chardonnay.”
246
What soil is best suited for Semillon?
Semillon prefers the white alluvial sands
247
Where can you find Tyrrell's ?
Hunter Valley
248
Where can you find Brokenwood?
Hunter Valley
249
Where can you find Yarraman Estate?
Hunter Valley
250
Where can you find McWilliam's Mount Pleasant?
Hunter Valley
251
Where can you find Keith Tulloch Wine?
Hunter Valley
252
Where can you find Wyndham Estate?
Hunter Valley
253
Where can you find Rosemount estate?
Hunter Valley
254
Which GIs are in Central Ranges zone ?
Cowra GI - Warmest
Orange GI - Coolest
Mudgee GI - Oldest
255
Which GI borders Hunter GI?
Mudgee GI from Central Ranges Zone
256
The oldest producing region in Central Ranges ?
Mudgee GI
257
Most planted variety of Mudgee GI
Cabernet Sauvignon > Shiraz > Merlot
258
Mudgee most planted white grape
Chardonnay
259
First winery established in Mudgee
Craigmoor, 1858
260
Who founded "Mudgee Wines" in the 1960s
An employee of Craigmoor, Alf Kurtz, planted his own vineyard with Craigmoor cuttings
261
When was Mudgee GI established?
2000
262
Where can you find Montrose?
Mudgee GI
263
Where can you find Simon Gilbert Wines?
Mudgee GI
264
Central Ranges’ youngest and coolest region?
Orange GI
265
Highest region in the entire Australia overall?
Orange GI
It begins at the 600-meter line of elevation, and its vineyards rise up the slopes of NSW’s central highlands, past the 1000-meter mark
266
Where can you find Mount Canobolas
Orange GI
An extinct volcano and the source of the region’s richest, basalt-derived soils.
267
What is the highest point of Orange GI called?
Mount Canobolas
An extinct volcano and the source of the region’s richest, basalt-derived soils.
268
Which estate planted Orange’s first modern vineyard in 1983
Bloodwood
269
Main grape of Orange GI
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, and Chardonnay
270
When was Orange GI established ?
1997
271
Where can you find Bloodwood?
Orange GI
272
Where can you find Canobolas-Smith?
Orange GI
273
Where can you find Word of Mouth?
Orange GI
274
Where can you find Borrodell on the Mount?
Orange GI
275
Warmest region in Central Ranges?
Cowra GI
276
What grape is Cowra GI famous for?
Chardonnay
277
Major natural features of Cowra GI
Great Dividing Range
Lachlan and Belubula Rivers
278
When was Cowra GI established?
1998
279
Where can you find Cowra Estate?
Cowra GI
280
Where can you find Windowrie Estate?
Cowra GI
281
What are the GIs in South Coast Zone?
Shoalhaven Coast GI
Southern Highlands GI
282
What are the GIs in Northern Rivers Zone
Hastings River GI
283
What are the GIs in Northern Slopes Zone
New England Australia GI
284
When was Hastings River GI established ?
1999
285
Major Natural Features of Hastings River GI?
Broken Bago Range
Pacific Ocean
Hastings River
286
Where can you find Bago Vineyards?
Hastings River GI
287
Where can you find Cassegrain
Hastings River GI
288
When was New England Australia GI established?
2008
289
Major Natural Features of New England Australia GI?
-Great Dividing Range
-Black Mountain (home to Australia's highest altitude vineyard, at 1320 meters above sea level)
-Peel, Gwydir, and Severn Rivers
-Moonbi Hills
290
Australia's highest altitude vineyard?
Black Mountain (home to Australia's highest altitude vineyard, at 1320 meters above sea level)
291
Where can you find New England Estate?
New England Australia GI
292
Where can you find Blickling Estate?
New England Australia GI
293
Where can you find Jilly Wines?
New England Australia GI
294
Main grape of Shoalhaven Coast GI
Chambourcin—a red French hybrid
295
Which GI is nestled in the hills of the Great Dividing Range?
Southern Highlands GI
296
What is the most planted grape of Southern Highlands GI?
Tempranillo
297
Major natural feature of Shoalhaven Coast GI
Pacific Ocean
298
When was Shoalhaven Coast GI established ?
2002
299
Where can you find Coolangatta Estate?
Shoalhaven Coast GI
300
Where can you find Cambewarra Estate?
Shoalhaven Coast GI
301
Major natural feature of Southern Highlands GI
Great Dividing Range
302
When was Southern Highlands GI established?
2002
303
Where can you find Centennial Vineyards?
Southern Highlands GI
304
Where can you find Cuttaway Hill Estate?
Southern Highlands GI
305
First plantings in Southern Highlands GI by which estate and when?
Joadja Vineyards 1983
306
How many and what are the GIs in Big Rivers Zone
4
Murray Darling GI
Perricoota GI
Riverina GI
Swan Hill GI
307
Which are the "Big Rivers" in Big Rivers Zone?
Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers
308
Which is the largest single region in Australia?
Which is the top-producing zone in the country.
SA’s Riverland GI is the largest single region in Australia.
Big Rivers is the top-producing zone in the country.
309
Which GI is the largest volume producing region in the entire NSW
Riverina GI
310
What is Riverina's most planted grape?
Chardonnay > Shiraz > Semillon
311
Largest family-owned wine company in Australia today?
Founded in 1969, Casella
312
Which company owns the "Yellow tail" brand?
Casella
313
Which Riverina winery was the first to explore botrytis styled wines?
McWilliam's in 1958
314
Who produces “Noble One Botrytis Semillon,”? From where and when was the first vintage?
De Bortoli
Riverina GI
1982
315
When was Riverina GI established?
1998
316
Major natural features of Riverina GI
The Riverina Plain
Murrumbidgee River
317
Where can you find De Bortoli?
Riverina GI
318
Which estate first planted vines in Riverina?
McWilliam's in 1913
319
Where can you find Casella Wines (Yellow Tail)?
Riverina GI
320
Where can you find McWilliam's?
Riverina GI
321
Major Natural Feature of Perricoota GI?
Murray River
322
Where can you find St. Anne's Vineyards?
Perricoota GI
323
When was Perricoota GI established ?
1999
324
Which 2 GIs are shared between NSW and Victoria?
Swan Hill GI and Murray Darling GI
325
Swan Hill GI and Murray Darling GI are shared between which 2 states
NSW and Victoria
*Big Rivers Zone (NSW) and North West Victoria Zone (VIC) respectively
326
Major Natural Feature of Swan Hill GI?
Murray River
327
Major Natural Feature of Murray Darling GI?
Murray River
328
When was Swan Hill GI established?
1996
329
Where can you find Andrew Peace Wines?
Swan Hill GI
330
Where can you find Buller Wines?
Swan Hill GI
331
When was Murray Darling GI established?
1997
332
Where can you find Lindemans (Karadoc)?
Murray Darling GI
333
Where can you find Zilzie Wines?
Murray Darling GI
334
Where can you find Deakin Estate?
Murray Darling GI
335
Who produces "Karadoc" brand?
Lindemans
336
Which GIs are in Southern New South Wales Zone?
4
Canberra District GI
Gundagai GI
Hilltops GI
Tumbarumba GI
337
Which winery does Tim Kirk work for
Clonakilla
338
Most important growing region of Southern New South Wales Zone?
Canberra district GI
339
Which estate produced Canberra District’s first commercial vintage? When?
What is the blend that they are famous for? First vintage?
Clonakilla 1976
Shiraz-Viognier 1992
340
Who planted the Clonakilla vineyard and where was it?
John Kirk in Murrumbateman, Canberra
341
When did Hardys moved into Canberra District ? When did they withdrew?
Moved in 2000
Moved out 2007
342
Canberra District GI style of wines
Elegant styles of Shiraz, high-quality dry Riesling, and increasingly good examples of Bordeaux blends and Pinot Noir are being produced
343
Australia’s first Grüner Veltliner vineyard is planted by which winery and where?
Lark Hill in Canberra District
344
Unofficial sub zones of Canberra District GI
Murrumbateman/Yass, Bungendore/Lake George, Hall/ACT
345
What is the Lake near Canberra District
Lake George
346
Major Natural Features of Canberra District GI
Great Dividing Range
Lake George
347
When was Canberra District GI Established?
1998
348
Where can you find Clonakilla?
Canberra District GI
349
Where can you find Lark Hill?
Canberra District GI
350
Where can you find Brindabella Hills?
Canberra District GI
351
Where can you find Helm?
Canberra District GI
352
Who started Lake George Winery? Where is it?
Edgar Riek in 1971
Murrumbateman
353
Main grapes of hilltops GI
Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz
354
Which winery has the largest planting of vineyards in Hilltops GI
Riverina’s McWilliam’s
355
Apart from Canberra, Clonakilla has been sourcing Shiraz from where?
Hilltops GI
356
When was Hilltops GI established?
1998
357
Where can you find Chalkers Crossing?
Hilltops GI
358
Where can you find Grove Estate ?
Hilltops GI
359
Where can you find Barwang Vineyard?
Hilltops GI
360
First modern commercial plantings of Hilltops GI was when and by which estate?
Barwang vineyards in 1969
361
Which river flows through Gundagai GI? Which mountain?
Murrumbidgee River
Snowy mountains
362
Unofficial sub zones of Gundagai GI
Tumut (South-East),
Cootamundra (North),
Junee (West)
363
When was Gundagai GI established?
2002
364
Where can you find Paterson's Gundagai Vineyard
Gundagai GI
365
When was Tumbarumba GI established?
1998
366
Where can you find Tumbarumba Wine Estates?
Tumbarumba GI
367
Where can you find Excelsior Peak?
Tumbarumba GI
368
Major Natural Features of Tumbarumba GI
Snowy mountains
369
What kind of wines is Tumbarumba suitable in producing?
sparkling wines
370
Main grapes of Tumbarumba GI
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
371
How many and what are the zones of Victoria?
6
North West Victoria
North East Victoria
Western Victoria
Central Victoria
Port Phillip
Gippsland
372
Who started viticulture in Victoria? Which region? What was the property called?
1838 the Ryrie brothers
in the Yarra Valley.
“Yering,”
373
What were the first 2 grapes cultivated in Victoria called? Which region and by which estate?
The Black Cluster of Hamburg and a white grape called Sweetwater.
Yarra Valley by Yering
374
Who was Hubert de Castella
Founder of St. Hubert's vineyard
375
What is Black Saturday? When was it?
February 7, 2009
High temperatures and extended drought conditions conspired to produce a series of violent firestorms throughout Victoria.
“Black Saturday” resulted in 173 deaths as wind conditions changed rapidly, driving fires in unpredictable directions. In loss of life, it is Australia’s worst natural disaster to date;
376
Where was Phylloxera first found in Victoria?
Geelong 1877
377
What was the Victorian government's solution to Phylloxera?
Rather than a sensible replanting on American rootstocks, the Victorian government ordered every vine in Geelong uprooted, bringing an instant end to Australia’s then-largest wine region.
378
When did Phylloxera arrive to Yarra Valley?
2006
379
Which is the first modern winery in Yarra Valley
Wantirna Estate 1963
380
Which is the first modern winery in Geelong
Idyll Vineyard 1966
381
Which river borders NSW and Victoria
Murray River
382
Where is the “dress circle of Melbourne” as described by James Halliday?
The Port Phillip Zone
383
What cools Port Phillip Zone?
The Rip, a small channel about 2 miles wide, connects the Port Phillip Bay with the Bass Strait and the Southern Ocean, and strong southwesterlies—chilling winds from the polar latitudes—help cool the zone
384
What is "The Rip"?
A small channel about 2 miles wide, connects the Port Phillip Bay with the Bass Strait
385
What connects the Port Phillip Bay with the Bass Strait?
A small channel about 2 miles wide called The Rip
386
What are the GIs of Port Phillip Zone?
5
Geelong GI
Macedon Ranges GI
Mornington Peninsula GI
Sunbury GI
Yarra Valley GI
387
Who owns Chateau Yarrinya ? Since when?
Purchased by De Bortoli in the mid-1987
388
Which estate in Yarra Valley did De Bortoli purchase in the mid-1987
Chateau Yarrinya
389
Coldstream Hills was founded by?
James Halliday
390
Where can you find Domaine Chandon ?
Yarra Valley
391
Most planted grape of Yarra Valley
Pinot Noir > Chardonnay > Shiraz > Cabernet Sauvignon
392
Which 2 regions produce the best Chardonnays
Yarra Valley and Margaret River
393
Yarra Valley is divided into how many sectors? What are the differences?
The valley contains two sectors:
-the warmer Lower Yarra Valley in the north, with its ancient sandy loam soils,
-the cooler, higher-elevation Upper Yarra Valley in the south, where the soil is composed of younger red basalt
394
Main Pinot Noir clones of Yarra Valley
Dijon clones 667 and 777 and/or MV6, a “mother vine” selection James Busby brought into the country in 1831 from Clos Vougeot.
395
Where did James Busby get Australian Pinot Noir's "Mother vine" from?
1831 from Clos Vougeot.
396
Major natural features of the Yarra Valley
-Yarra Ranges/Great Dividing Range
-Southern Ocean (Yarra Valley does not touch the sea, but its proximity does affect climate.)
397
Where can you find Yering Station?
Yarra Valley
398
Where can you find Yarra Yering?
Yarra Valley
399
Where can you find Mount Mary?
Yarra Valley
400
Where can you find Domaine Chandon?
Yarra Valley
401
Where can you find Yarra Yarra?
Yarra Valley
402
Where can you find Coldstream Hills?
Yarra Valley
403
Where can you find Oakridge?
Yarra Valley
404
Where can you find Giant Steps?
Yarra Valley
405
Where can you find Mac Forbes?
Yarra Valley
406
When was Yarra Valley GI established ?
1996
407
By 1937, what happened to Yarra Valley vineyards?
All existing vineyards were converted to pastureland by 1937,
The modern Yarra wine industry began in 1963.)
408
Which GI divides Port Phillip Bay from the Bass Straight?
Mornington Peninsula GI
409
Main grape of Mornington Peninsula
Pinot Noir > Chardonnay > Pinot Gris
410
When was Mornington Peninsula GI established?
1997
411
Major natural features of Mornington Peninsula
Bass Strait,
Port Phillip Bay,
Western Port Bay
412
Where can you find Main Ridge Estate?
Mornington Peninsula
413
Where can you find Willow Creek Vineyard?
Mornington Peninsula
414
Where can you find Kooyong?
Mornington Peninsula
415
Where can you find Paringa Estate?
Mornington Peninsula
416
Where can you find Stonier Wines?
Mornington Peninsula
417
Where can you find Yabby Lake?
Mornington Peninsula
418
Where can you find Ocean Eight?
Mornington Peninsula
419
When was Geelong declared completely free of phylloxera?
2012
420
Driest GI in the Port Phillip zone
Geelong
421
Main climatic issues of Geelong
Spring frosts and wind damage
422
Unofficial sub zones of Geelong
-Surf Coast/Otways,
-Bellarine, a peninsula that reaches out toward Mornington
-Moorabool Valley, Centre of Geelong wine industry
423
Major natural features of Geelong
-Port Phillip Bay, Bass Strait
-Moorabool, Leigh, Barwon Rivers
424
When was Geelong GI established
1996
425
Where can you find Shadowfax?
Geelong
426
Where can you find By Farr?
Geelong
427
Where can you find Bannockburn?
Geelong
428
Where can you find Austins Wines?
Geelong
429
Where can you find the highest vineyards in the Port Phillip zone?
Macedon Ranges GI
430
Where is the coolest region on the Australian mainland
Macedon Ranges GI
431
Main grape of Macedon Ranges
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Shiraz
432
Where can you find Bindi?
Macedon Ranges
433
Where can you find Curly Flat?
Macedon Ranges
434
Where can you find Hanging Rock?
Macedon Ranges
435
Where can you find Granite Hills?
Macedon Ranges
436
When was Macedon Ranges GI established ?
2002
437
When was Sunbury GI established
1998
438
Where can you find Craiglee?
Sunbury
439
Where can you find Goona Warra Vineyard?
Sunbury
440
