Autism

Question 1

ASD is a range of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by:

Answer 1

• social impairments
• communication difficulties
• restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior

Question 2

How common is Autism

Answer 2

between 1/68 to 1/50 children

more common in males

Question 3

genetic conditions associated w/Autism

Answer 3

1. tuberous scoliosis
2. fragile x
3. prader-willi
4. angelman
5. down syndrome
6. moebius?

Question 4

Brain abnormalities associated with autism

Answer 4

1. underconnectivity
2. decreased cortical thickness
3. glial inflammation
4. decreased purkinje cells
5. dysfunction of mirror neurons

Question 5

ASD:

Marked impairment of communication

Answer 5

1. Delay/lack of spoken language
2. ability to initiate or sustain conversation impaired
3. stereotyped and/or repetitive use of language
4. idiosyncratic language
5. pitch, intonation, rate, rhythm, stress are abnormal
6. comprehension delayed
7. lack of varied, spontaneous make believe play

Question 6

ASD:

Marked Impairment of Social Interaction

Answer 6

1. reciprocity and awareness of others impaired
2. no interest in establishing friends
3. lack of understanding of social conventions
4. lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment or interests w/others

Question 7

ASD:

Markedly Restricted Repertoire of Activities and Interests

Answer 7

1. encompassing preoccupation w/1 or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest
2. increased adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
3. stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
4. repetitively mimicking actions
5. insistence on sameness
6. resistance/distress over trivial changes
7. highly attached to some inanimate objects

Question 8

Autism:

Associated Features

Answer 8

1. mental retardation
2. cog skills uneven
3. hyperactivity
4. short attention span
5. impulsivity
6. aggressiveness, self injurious behavior, tantrums
7. abnormalities of mood/affect
8. abnormalities in eating/sleeping
9. oversensitivity to sensory stimuli

Question 9

In autism, __ are the defining features

Answer 9

social impairments

Question 10

Autism Motor Impairments: Infants and Toddlers

Answer 10

1. delay in acquisition of motor skills w/tendency for assymetry
2. delayed reaching/grasping, clapping, pointing, playing w/blocks/puzzles, turning door knobs
3. may see unusual postures, rocking, arm flapping
4. waddling gait, lack of heel toe and reciprocal arm swing

Question 11

Autism Motor Impairments: Childhood

Answer 11

1. ataxic or parkinsonian gait
2. poor upper and lower limb coordination
3. poor visuomotor coordination
4. poor bilateral coordination
5. poor manual dexterity
6. poor feedback/feedforward control
7. impairments in imitation and praxis

Question 12

Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)

Answer 12

difficulties in regulating and organizing the nature and intensity of behaviors in response to specific domains of sensory input

ex: tactile, olfactory, visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular

Question 13

3 categories of SMD

Answer 13

1. Underresponsive
2. Overresponsive
3. Sensation Seeking

also mixed patterns

Question 14

Dunn Model of Sensory Processing

Answer 14

Atypical responses to sensory stimulation can be sub-classified based on neurological threshold and corresponding behavioral responses to stimuli

Question 15

SMD Dunn Model:

Low neurological threshold

Answer 15

more sensitive to stimuli

sensory sensitive or sensory avoiding

Question 16

SMD Dunn Model:

High neurological threshold

Answer 16

require higher intensity or frequency of input to register sensation

Low registration or sensory seeking

Question 17

SMD:
_ neurological threshold is more correlated w/deficiencies and incompetence than high levels in high functioning children w/ASD

Answer 17

Low

Question 18

Sensory Integration Therapy

Answer 18

Program involving meaningful therapeutic activities characterized by enhanced sensation.

especially tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, active participation, and adaptive interaction

Question 19

Autism Treatment

Answer 19

1. use of visual supports
2. activity schedules
3. Interventions for hyper/hyposensitivity
4. compensatory strategies
5. Educate patient and family

Question 20

Autism Treatment:

use of visual supports

Answer 20

picture cards used to increase on-task behaviors, decrease disruptive off-task behaviors

Question 21

Autism Treatment:

Activity Schedules

Answer 21

provides order, predictability, alleviates anxiety

Question 22

Autism Treatment:

Hyposensitivity

Answer 22

1. activities rich in tactile input
2. activities providing deep pressure to joint and muscle sensory receptors
3. vestibular input activities
4. Sensory Diets

Question 23

T/F: Hyposensitivity treatment should be passive and not actively applied

Answer 23

False

should be active and not passively applied. Should be related to function if possible

Question 24

Autism Treatment:

Hyposensitivity- Sensory Diets

Answer 24

planned and scheduled sensory activities developed by the therapist and carried out by the patient or family

Question 25

Autism Treatment:

Hypersensitivity

Answer 25

1. planned, controlled, specific sensory activities on a regular basis
2. tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive regular and consistent
3. deep pressure often calming

Question 26

T/F:

For hypersensitivity, unexpected light touch or quick movement should be avoided

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Hypersensitivity: Brushing Program

Answer 27

Wilbarger program

Surgical scrub brush firmly and rhythmically applied down arms, legs, and back 5-10 times followed by joint compression

6-10x/day

Question 28

Hypersensitivity treatment: vibration

Answer 28

may temporarily decrease hypersensitivity by using artificial proprioception

Question 29

Compensatory Strategies

Answer 29

alter environment to decrease sensory stimulation