Autoimmue Flashcards
(23 cards)
Which HLA is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
HLA - DR4.
What HLA is associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
HLA - B27.
What is the approximate percentage of autoimmune diseases that occur in women?
About 90%.
What environmental factor may lead to rheumatic fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis.
What role does normal flora play in autoimmune diseases?
Normal flora have a role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis.
Which virus may cause Type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
Coxsackie viruses (not in humans).
What is the association between Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and multiple sclerosis?
HBV may be associated with multiple sclerosis.
Which drug may induce Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Procainamide.
What is one of the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases related to molecular mimicry?
Similarity of 6 amino acid sequences between the hepatitis B virus polymerase enzyme and human myelin basic protein, which may predispose to multiple sclerosis.
How can some drugs alter normal proteins to trigger an immune response?
Some drugs bind to normal proteins and change them to become immunogenic, thus triggering an immune response (e.g., Procainamide-induced SLE).
What are some hidden antigens in the body that, if exposed due to trauma, can trigger immune responses?
Sperm, CNS, and lens.
What is the function of regulatory T-cells (Treg)?
Treg cells produce IL10, which suppresses the proinflammatory effect of Th1 cells.
What can cause polyclonal activation of lymphocytes?
Some endotoxins, EBV, CMV, and AIDS may cause polyclonal activation of lymphocytes, leading to a high level of interleukins production.
What is the consequence of inappropriate expression of MHC class II molecules on pancreatic beta cells?
It may lead to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after some viral infections with the release of interferon (IFN).
What type of autoimmune disease is associated with antibodies reacting to acetylcholine receptors?
Myasthenia gravis (autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors).
What is an example of an autoimmune disease where the immune response is against cell components, such as the RBC membrane?
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (autoantibodies to RBC membrane).
Which autoimmune disease is mediated by immune response against enterocytes?
Celiac disease.
Which hypersensitivity type is not associated with autoimmune disease?
Type I hypersensitivity.
What happens in Type II hypersensitivity in autoimmune diseases?
Antibodies react with bound cell surface antigens (e.g., Hemolytic anaemia).
In Type III hypersensitivity, what happens when immune complexes are deposited in tissues?
The immune complexes initiate complement activation and inflammation (e.g., SLE).
Which hypersensitivity type in autoimmune diseases is mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells?
Type IV hypersensitivity (e.g., Celiac disease).
