Autoimmune disease

Question 1

Medical specialty that deals with autoimmune disease

Answer 1

Rheumatology

Question 2

Antibodies are formed against the Ach receptor which impairs muscle contraction

Answer 2

Myasthenia gravis

Question 3

Non-specific test used as a marker for inflammation.

Answer 3

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) “sed rate”

Question 4

Stacking of RBCs due to an increase in positive charge in the environment around them

Answer 4

Rouleaux

Question 5

Normal ESR value

Answer 5

0-20 mm/hr

Question 6

ESR action with microcytosis or anemia on ESR results

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

Polycythemia and abnormally shaped RBCs ESR results

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

ESR rate that means infection is present

Answer 8

100 mm/hr or greater

Question 9

Normal C reative protein (CRP) value

Answer 9

0-10 mg/dL

Question 10

How does a C reactive protein (CRP) test move

Answer 10

elevates quickly after injury and decline when the problem is resolved.

Question 11

Measures the presence of autoantibodies towards proteins that are specific to nucleic acids

Answer 11

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

Question 12

Key sign for Lupus

Answer 12

butterfly rash on the face.

Question 13

Signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 13

Fatigue, Weigh loss, Arthralgias, myalgias, Lymphadenopathy and Butterfly facial rash

Question 14

ANA value meanings

Answer 14

1:40 is negative and 1:160 is strongly positive

Question 15

Signs of Progressive systemic sclerosis

Answer 15

Scleroderma: Fatigue, Arthralgias, Myalgias, skin thickening and hardening, digital ulcers

Question 16

Sjogren Syndrome

Answer 16

Diminished lacrimal and salivary gland function, dry eyes, mouth and vagina. Rhinitis and sinusitis.

Question 17

Signs of Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

Answer 17

proximal skeletal muscle weakness, pulmonary disease, dysphagia, polyarthritis,

Question 18

Percentage of patients with a positive ANA that have Lupus

Answer 18

11-13%

Question 19

Percentage of people with a false positive ANA

Answer 19

15%

Question 20

Autoimmune disease that manifests with joint stiffness, pain, swelling and deformed MCP and PIP joints that is symmetrical

Answer 20

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 21

Normal Rheumatoid factor

Answer 21

Less than 30 IU/mL

Question 22

Composition of rheumatoid factor

Answer 22

primarily IgM antibodies

Question 23

Normal TSH values

Answer 23

.5-5.0 uIU/mL

Question 24

Effects of T3 and T4

Answer 24

myocardial contractility and HR, Mental alertness, ventilatory drive, bone turnover and GI motility

Question 25

Primary Hypothyroidism

Answer 25

Defect in the thyroid gland. Most common

Question 26

Secondary Hypothyroidism

Answer 26

Decreased secretion of TSH from pituitary or decreased TRH from hypothalamus

Question 27

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Answer 27

Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Most common cause

Question 28

Causes of secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 28

pituitary tumor, post-partum pituitary necrosis

Question 29

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Answer 29

Fatigue, dull mentation, dry skin, weight gain, bradycardia, constipation and cold intolerance

Question 30

TSH levels in primary hypothyroidism

Answer 30

High (greater than 5.0 uIU/mL)

Question 31

Vast majority of thyroid production

Answer 31

T4 (90%)

Question 32

Most metabolically active thyroid hormone

Answer 32

T3

Question 33

Which thyroid hormone stays level the longest in hypothyroidism

Answer 33

T3

Question 34

Milder hypothyroidism with similar symptoms. High normal or mildly elevated TSH with normal free T4

Answer 34

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Question 35

Grave's disease

Answer 35

Most common for of Hyperthyroidism

Question 36

Cause of Grave's disease

Answer 36

development of antibodies that activate TSH receptors in the thyroid gland.

Question 37

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Answer 37

(Tazmanian devil) Anxiety, tremors, palpitations, perspiration, heat intolerance, weight loss despite normal appetite and hyper-defecation.

Question 38

TSH level in hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

low

Question 39

Low TSH but normal free T3 and T4

Answer 39

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

Question 40

Recommended screenings for thyroid disease

Answer 40

Every 5 years starting at age 35