AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Who introduced Horror Autotoxicus
A
Paul Ehrlich
2
Q
Body has an aversion against hurting itself
A
Horror Autotoxicus
3
Q
Expression of Immune Response that happens when it is unable to distinguish self from non-self
A
Autoimmunity
4
Q
Common denominator of Autoimmune Disorders
A
Inflammation
5
Q
Type of tolerance involving primary lymphoid organs
A
Central Tolerance
6
Q
Type of tolerance involving secondary lymphoid organs
A
Peripheral Tolerance
7
Q
Mature and functional lymphocytes should not react to self-antigens
Central Tolerance or Peripheral Tolerance
A
Peripheral Tolerance
8
Q
Mechanism: Positive and Negative Selection. T-cells are reacting to self-antigens, eliminated via apoptosis
Central Tolerance or Peripheral Tolerance
A
Central Tolerance
9
Q
T-regulatory CD markers
A
CD markers: CD4+ and CD25+
10
Q
binds to B7 to prevent costimulation
A
CTLA4
11
Q
Mechanism where self-reactive lymphocytes become functionally inactivated rather than being deleted or suppressed.
A
Clonal Anergy
12
Q
Mechanisms of Central Tolerance
A
Clonal Deletion
Clonal Anergy
Receptor Editing
13
Q
Mechanism or Peripheral Tolerance
A
Anergy
Apoptosis
Induction of Treg
14
Q
Tolerance to commensal microbes is due to which cytokines
A
IL-10 and T-reg
15
Q
Tolerance involving death of immature T-cells and generation of CD4+ Treg
A
Central Tolerance
16
Q
Tolerance involving mature T cells recognize self Ag in peripheral tissue leading to anergy or death or when self reactive lymphocytes are supressed by Treg
A
Peripheral Tolerance
16
Q
T/F AID tends to be familial
A
True
17
Q
T/F AID is more frequent among women
A
True (2.7x)
18
Q
HLA association of ankylosing spondylitis
A
HLA-B27
19
Q
HLA association of Reiter’s Syndrome
A
HLA-B27
20
Q
HLA association of Grave’s Disease
A
HLA-B8
21
Q
HLA association of Psoriasis Vulgaris
A
HLA-Cw6
22
Q
HLA association of Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
HLA-DR4
23
Q
HLA association of Sjorgen’s Syndrome
A
HLA-DR3
24
HLA association of SLE
HLA-DR2
HLA-DR3
25
HLA association of Celiac Disease
HLA-DR3
26
HLA association of DM Type 1
HLA-DR3
HLA-DR4
27
HLA association of Multiple Sclerosis
HLA-DR2
28
HLA association of Myasthenia Gravis
HLA-DR3
HLA-B8
29
HLA association of Goodpasture Syndrome
HLA-DR2
30
AID more common in males than females
Crohn’s Disease
31
Non-MHC gene for T-cell tolerance in thymus
AIRE gene
32
Hidden Ag which if released can trigger production of autoantibodies, Released because of tissue damage
Cryptic Ag
33
T/F
Females have Higher CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells) and Higher Ab than men
True
34
Microbial ag closely resemble the structure of self-Ag which can trigger cross reactions
Molecular Mimicry
35
Bacteria trigger an inflammatory response. As the bacterial antigens disperse, a phenomenon known as *epitope spreading* can occur
Bystander effect
36
type of antigen that is able to bind class II MHC without needing to be degraded into peptides.
Superantigens
37
Modifications in gene expression that are not caused by changes in original DNA sequences
Epigenetics
38
T/F autoantibodies is a constant feature but not diagnostic in itself
True
39
Give the autoAB of SLE
Anti-nuclear Ab
Anti-dsDNA
Anti-Sm
Phospholipid AB
40
Give the autoAB of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anti-CCP
RF
ANAs
41
Give the autoAB of Sjorgen's Syndrome
ANA
RF
Anti-salivary duct AB
Anti-lacrimal gland AB
42
Give the autoAB of Scleroderma
Anti-centrome AB
43
Give the autoAB of Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Anti-Jo-1
44
Give the autoAB of Wegener's Granulomatosis
ANCA
RF
ANA
45
Give the autoAB of Grave's Disease & Hashimoto thyroiditis
Antithyroglobulin
Antithyroid peroxidase
46
Give the autoAB of Pernicious Anemia
Parietal Cell Antibody
Intrinsic Factor Antibody
47
Give the autoAB of Type 1 DM
Anti-Insulin
Islet Cell Antibopdies
48
What is the autoantigen and autoantibody of Rheumatoid arthritis
AutoAg: IgG
AutoAb: Rheumatoid Factor
49
T/F AID have low complement activity
True - because it is being consumed
50
FANA pattern of Anti-dsDNA
Homogenous Pattern
51
FANA pattern of Anti-sM
Coarse-Speckled pattern
52
Chronic systemic inflammatory disease which affects multiple cells and organs including joints, connective tissues, and **kidneys**
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
53
Genetics associated with SLE
HLA-A1
HLA-B8
HLA-DR3
54
AutoAB associated with SLE
Anti-dsDNA (Homogenous on FANA)
Anti-Sm (Coarse-Speckled on FANA)
55
Diagnostic Criteria of SLE
SOAP BRAIN MD
S - Serositis
O - Oral ulcer
A - Arthritis
P - Photosensitivity
B - Blood Disorder
R - Renal Involvement
A - Antinuclear Antibodies
I - Immunologic Phenomena
N - Neurologic Disorder
M - Malar Rash
D - Discoid Rash
56
AutoAB of SLE associated with deep-vein and arterial thrombosis and recurrent pregnancy loss
Anti-phospholipid antibodies
57
Cells used in FANA test
Hep-2 Cells
58
Gold Standard for Detecting Autoantibodies
Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibodies Test
59
Produced in SLE to prolong APTT and PT
Lupus Anticoagulant
60
LE cells are also known as
Hargraves cells
61
Prescription for SLE
Hydroxychloroquine
62
Most common cause of death in SLE
Renal Failure and Infection
63
A chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
64
Genes associated with RA
HLA-DRB1
PTPN22 gene polymorphism
65
Strongest Environmental Ris Factor of RA
Cigarette Smoking
66
AutoAB associated with RA
Rheumatoid Factor
Anti-CCP
67
T/F Anti-CCP is more specific in RA
True
68
Sheet of inflammatory granulation tissue that grows into the joint space and invades cartiage
Pannus
69
Proinflammatory Cytokines released in RA
TNF
IL-1
IL-6
IL-17
TNF-Alpha
70
Pattern of Antinuclear Antibody of RA in FANA test
Speckled Pattern
71
Treatment for RA
Methothrexate
72
AID wherein autoAB attacks the exocrine gland
Sjorgen's syndrome
73
Syndrome associated with dry eyes and dry mouth in Sjorgen's Syndrome
Sicca Syndrome
74
FANA pattern of Sjorgen's Syndrome
Fine Speckled Pattern
75
AutoAB associated with Sjorgen's Syndrome
AntiSS-A/Ro
76
Excessive fibrosis and vascular abnormalities
Scleroderma
77
AutoAB with better prognosis for Scleroderma
Anti-centrome Ab
78
Limited Symptoms of Scleroderma
CREST
C - Calcinosis
R - Raynaud's Phenomenon
E - Esophageal Dysfunction
S - Sclerodactyly
T - Telangiectasis
79
Overlap syndrome of limited cutaneous SSc with sle, Polymyositis, and RA
Mixed Connective Tissue Diseases
80
Inflammation of blood vessels
Wegener's Granulomatosis
81
AutoAB associated with Wegener's Granulomatosis
c-ANCA
p-ANCA
82
Goiter is enlarged rubbery and irregular thyroid
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
83
Goiter is diffusely enlarged and firm
Grave's Disease
84
High T3 and T4
Low TSH
Grave's Disease
85
Low T3 and T4
High TSH
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
86
Environmental trigger of Celiac Disease
Dietary Gluten
87
Autoimmune diseasde affecting the small intestines
Celiac Disease
88
Gene associated with Celiac Disease
HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8
89
Gene associated with TYPE 1 DM
HLA-DR3
HLA-DR4
90
Enzymes elevated in Autoimmune hepatitis
ALT
AST
91
Enzymes elevated in Biliary Cirrhosis
GGT
ALP
92
Autoimmune disorder involving inflammation and destruction of CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
93
Formation of plaques in the ________ matter of the CNS, that leads to progressive destruction of the myelin sheath
White Matter
94
lipid-rich, protein-rich substance that covers, insulates the axons of the neurons. It is necessary for nerve impulses–transmission of impulses.
Myelin sheath
95
Immune cells present in the brain
Microglia
- Macrophage of the Brain
96
Gene associated with Multiple Sclerosis
HLA DRB1*1501
97
S/S consist of “tingling or pins and needles” that run down the spine; flashes of light seen on eye movement
Multiple Sclerosis
98
Patients with multiple sclerosis can
exhibit _________. It is observed in the electrophoresis of CSF but are absent in serum.
Oligoclonal Bands
99
Autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction
Myasthenia Gravis
100
Myasthenia Gravis affects the activity of _____ which leads to paralysis
Acetylcholine
101
101
S/S of Myasthenia Gravis
ptosis; diplopia, inability to retract corners of mouth (snarling appearance)
102
common in Early Onset MG (Below 50 years old)
Thymic Hyperplasia
103
10-15% in Late Onset MG (60 years old or more)
Thymoma
104
Gold standard for detection of AChR Ab
Quantitative RIA
105
Treatment used for Myasthenia Gravis found in snake venom
Bungarotoxin
106
S/S of Goodpasture's Syndrome
atigue, malaise, edema, hypertension, renal failure
107
Chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa
Atrophic Gastritis
108
Autoantibodies against Pernicious Anemia
Parietal Cells
Proton Pump (H/K ATPase)
Intrinsic Factor
109
Disease associated with B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious Anemia
110
111
Achlorhydria is associataed with what AID
Pernicious Anemia
112
May have an autoimmune cause; but may be idiopathic
Addison’s Disease
113
Affected organ of Addison’s Disease
Adrenal glands
114
A form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing inflammation of the joints of the vertebrae that leads to severe, chronic pain and discomfort, as well as stiffness of the spine from the neck down to the lower back.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
115
T/F Klebsiella may trigger onsent of Anylosing Spondylitis
True
116
Principle of Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test
Indirect Immunofluorescence
117
Antigen source of FANA Test
HEp-2 cells
118
Principle of Ouchterlony Test
Precipitation
119
Pattern of Identity in Ouchterlony Test
Single smooth line
Arc Formation
120
Patern of Non-identity in Ouchterlony Test
Crossing lines
121
Pattern of Partial Identity in Ouchterlony Test
Spur formation
