Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systems Pathology l > Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What might cause tissue damage in autoimmune diseases?

A

type ll (cytotoxic) and type lll (immune complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can help diagnose autoimmune diseases?

A

identification of specific antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three basic requirements for pathologic autoimmunity?

A
  1. reaction
  2. primary pathogenic reaction
  3. no other disease is present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autoimmune diseases might develop from abnormalities in what?

A

T-lymphocyte system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What environmental factors can lead to loss of tolerance?

A

viruses, hormones, or drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Graves disease affect?

A

antibodies to the TSH receptor act as agonists and elevate thryroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anitgens can do what two things?

A
  1. Alter function and 2. destroy self-tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 7 examples of autoimmune diseases?

A
  1. antibodies and immune complexes (Graves)
  2. systemic (systemic lupus erythematosus)
  3. autoimmunity or reactions to microbes (polyarteritis nodosa)
  4. T cells (organ specific like multiple sclerosis)
  5. systemic AD’s like rheumatoid arthritis
  6. autoimune hemolytic anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

chronic, autoimmune, multisystem, inflammatory disease.

- more common in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus can lead to what 5 things?

A
  1. renal failure
  2. butterfly rash
  3. focal neurological deficits
  4. arthritis
  5. pericarditis or endocarditise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some manifestations of SLE result from what?

A

tissue injury due to immune complex mediated vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SLE affects how many americans?

A

around 250, 000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presence of what is a characteristic feature of SLE?

A

LE bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SLE leads to…

A

Mesangial, focal, or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, or tubular and interstitial changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the pathological characteristic lesions?

A

wire-loop lesion, hyaline thrombi, and fibrinioid degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of SLE?

A
  • young female
  • nonspecific fatigue
  • fever
  • arthralgia
  • weight changes
  • butterfly rash, arhtritis, and vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the MSK symptoms of SLE?

A
  • 90 % have polyarthralgia (joint pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Whats the most common organ affected by SLE?

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

A

noninfectious but may look similar to infectious endocartitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Discoid lupus

A

most common variet

  • skin involvement only
  • no antinuclear antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sub-acute cutaneous lupus

A

papular and annular lesions (trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Drug-induced lupus

Study These Flashcards
A

Procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid

- no sex predisposition and most are over 50 yoa

23
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

Study These Flashcards
A

female: male 4:1

destruction of articular cartilage

24
Q

Etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Genetically predisposed person is exposed to virus or self-Ag which activated T cells specific for a joint antigen which secretes cytokines like TNF alpha

25
What is the pre-dominant cytokine found in Rheumatoid arthritis?
TNF alpha
26
persistent tenosynovitis can lead to what?
synovial cysts and ruptured tendons
27
most common cardiovascular manifestation of RA?
artherosclerosis (leading cause of death in RA)
28
most common ocular manifestation?
keratoconjunctivitis of Sjogren's syndrome
29
can food affect RA?
yes, but not according to the Arthritis foundation | - saturated fats may increase inflammation
30
Goodpastures syndrome (Anti-globmerluar basement membrane disease)
- attacks lungs and kidneys - more renal and pulmonary disease - some just kidneys
31
Felty's syndrome
- recurrent bacterial infections and chronic refractory leg ulcers - splenomegaly and leukopenia - IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies
32
What is Sjogren syndrome?
inflammatory disease of the lacrimal and salivary gland - keratoconjunctivitis (dry eyes) - xerostomia (dry mouth)
33
systemic sclerosis
- difficulty swallowing | - dyspnea and chronic caugh
34
dermatomyositis
1. eyelid rash 2. proximal muscles 3. dysphagia
35
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
antibody or compliment dependent RBC destruction
36
Good pasture syndrome
antibodies to basement membranes in lung and kidneys
37
Myasthenia gravis
anti-Ach receptor antibodies
38
hashimoto thyroiditis
most common hypothryoidism in nonendemic areas
39
Graves disease
overactive thyroid
40
Ulcerative colitis
inflammatory disease - diarrhea - bloody stools
41
ankylosing spondylitis
multisystem inflammatory disorder --> SI joints and axial skeleton - whites: 92 % - Blacks: 50 %
42
what causes ankylosing spondylitis?
the spondyloarthropathies are linked by common genetics... HLA-B27
43
symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?
- intermittent back pain - pain and stiffness (worsens with lack of activity) - corticosteroids for treatment should be TEMPORARY
44
treatment of ankylosing spondylitis?
- TNF-alpha blocker - anti-interleukin -6 inhibitors - omega-3 fatty acids
45
immune deficiencies
primary is inhertied and secondary is infection, immunosupression, ect. - Ig: bacterial - T-cell: viral/fungal
46
Primary immunodeficies
1. B cell (humoral) 2. T cell (cellular) 3. defects in phagocytes 4. abnormalities in complement these patients are subject to recurrent bacterial infections
47
some immunodeficiency disorders are caused by?
discrete molecular defect which causes maturations arrest in lymphocytes
48
Bruton x-linked Agammaglobulinemia
- pre B cells can't differentiate--> B cells - no immunoglobulin - TREATED with intravenous pooled human Ig
49
selective IgA deficiency
- often asymptomatic but sometimes have respiratory/gastro intestinal infections - MOST COMMON of all primary immune deficiencies
50
common variable immunodeficiency
sever hypo gama globulinemia - more susceptible to infections - malabsorption
51
hyper-IgM syndrome
- x-linked | - can't make IgG, IgA, or IgE
52
DiGeorge syndrome
- developmental malformation of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches - bad thymus and low T cells - TREATMENT --> thymus transplant
53
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- group of syndromes with humoral and cell mediated immune defects - varied infections - TREATMENT - bone marrow transplantation

Systems Pathology l (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions