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Immunology > Autoimmune Friday Quiz/Exam 1 > Flashcards

Autoimmune Friday Quiz/Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic immunological diseases caused by adaptive immunity components that abnormally target healthy cells and tissues of the body?

A

Autoimmunity

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2
Q

Guard against attack on one’s own cells and tissues

A

Tolerance

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3
Q

Mechanisms for self-tolerance?

A

Neg. selection of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus, Inhibitors of complement, lymphocyte location unavailability, induction of anergy in autoreactive cells

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4
Q

Loss of tolerance leads to?

A

Autoimmunity (some element of tolerance is lost)

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5
Q

How do we classify autoimmune disease?

A

Classified according to type of effector mechanism causing disease

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6
Q

Autoimmune corresponding to _______ are cuased by autoreactive Ab’s that go against cell surfaces/extracellular matrix.

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Autoimmune corresponding to ________ are cuased by soluble immune complexes deposited in tissues.

A

Type 3

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8
Q

Autoimmune corresponding to Type 4 hypersensitivity are caused by?

A

Effector T cells

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9
Q
  1. IgM and IgG bind to surface of RBC, set off classical complement
    - -Bind to Rh blood group antigen (Ag), I Ag
  2. RBC are lysed by MAC
  3. RBC are also opsonized by C3b and IgG and cleared by phagocytes in spleen
  4. Leads to anemia
  5. Like Type 2 HS
A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AI disease similiar to Type 2 HS)

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10
Q
  1. Production of Ab against platelet integrin gpIIb:IIIa

2. Clinical manifestation is chronic bleeding due to decreased ability to clot blood

A

Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (AI disease similiar to Type 2 HS)

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11
Q
  1. IgG formed against alpha3 chain of Type IV collagen (found in basement membranes)
  2. Cause inflammatory response in basement membrane of renal tissue
  3. Clinical manifestations include glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage
A

Goodpasture Syndrome (AI disease similiar to Type 2 HS)

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12
Q
  1. Ab bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
  2. Ab mimic the natural ligand, stimulating the thyroid to release its hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism
  3. Symptoms include heat intolerance, nervousness, irritability, weight loss, enlarged thyroid gland
A

Grave’s Disease (AI disease similiar to Type 2 HS)

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13
Q
  1. Ab go against acetylcholine (Ach) receptor, inducing their endocytosis and degradation
  2. This makes motor end plates less sensitive to neuronal stimulation
  3. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, droopy eyelids, facial muscle weakness, double vision, difficulty breathing
  4. Susceptibility to respiratory infections increases
A

Myasthenia Gravis (AI disease similiar to Type 2 HS)

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14
Q

AI Disease similar to Type 3 HS

A 
Systemic lupus erythematosis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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15
Q
  1. IgG made against common intracellular macromolecules
  2. Immune complexes released from damaged cells and deposit in glomerular capillaries, leading to glomerulonephritis
  3. Can also deposit in joints, blood vessels, and other tissues and cause inflammatory reactions
  4. Follows an intermittent course of outbreaks and remission
  5. Characteristic butterfly skin rash (p. 413)
A

Systematic Lupus Erythematosis

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16
Q
  1. autoreactive IgM, IgG, and IgA that specifically bind to normal IgG Fc region
  2. Causes joint inflammation and destruction
  3. Leukocytes enter synovial cavity of joint, releasing inflammatory molecules and chemokines that attract more cells, eventually destroying joint
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

17
Q

3 Autoimmune diseases similar to Type 4 HS

A

MS
Type 1 Diabetes
Hashimoto’s Disease

18
Q
  1. Autoantigen is myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein
  2. Th1 cells secrete IFN-gamma in blood and CSF
    - -Activated macrophages in sclerotic plaques release cytokines and proteases, which causes demyelination of nerve fibers
  3. Symptoms include brain degeneration, paralysis, motor weakness, visual difficulties
  4. Slow, progressive course
A

MS

19
Q
  1. Autoantigen is pancreatic beta cell antigen
  2. Results in beta cell destruction by CD8+ Tc, so inability to produce insulin
  3. Refer to Fed/Fasting state lecture for clinical symptoms of low insulin
A

Type 1 Diabetes

20
Q
  1. CD4 Th1 response involved
  2. Results in production of Ab and effector T cells specific for thyroid Ag produced
  3. CTLs infiltrate thyroid gland and progressively destroy thyroid tissue
  4. Result is hypothyroidism, which is associated w/ cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, hypotonia, etc.
A

Hashinoto’s Disease

Immunology (4 decks)

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