AUTOIMMUNITY Flashcards
(45 cards)
FACTORS INFLUENCING AUTOIMMUNITY
genectic, infectionand envtal exposure, immune regulation
2 tyoes of autoimmune dse
organ specific, non organ specific
Auto-antibodies to self-RBCs are formed
Maybe caused by drugs (cephalosporines, dapsone)
OS: AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
other causes of AIHA
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
~ Ab reactive to warm temperature (37°C)
~ IgG and complement coats the RBC
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
~ Cold reactive IgM reacts with RBC (32°C)
~ AKA Cold Hemagglutinin Disease
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
~IgG protein reacts with RBC in colder parts of the
body producing complement component binding
~Ab: biphasic hemolysin (both temp cold:bind rbc, warm:lyse rbc)
~ipitin
A chronic disease resulting from the non-absorption of vitamin B12 w/c is essential for the development of RBC
inability to secrete intrinsic factor (carrier of vit B12 produced in the gastric cells, especially in the ileum) - si auto-Ab blocking intrinsic factor ang nakasakay
OS: PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
to whom is pernicious anemia common
late adult life
whats the basic abnormality of pernicious anemia
severe atrophic gastritis
diagnostic of PA
presence of IF blocking antibody
Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the
major platelet membrane glycoproteins (Platelet GPllb/ Illa and GPlb/IX)
OS: IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (IDP)
in presence of calcium will form a
complex; they bind to fibrinogen, essential for
platelet aggregation or sticking of platelets
forming platelet plug
GPIIb/IIIa
membrane receptor found in the
surface of the platelet; important in mediating
platelet adhesion and aggregation
GPIb/IX
classis symptoms of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
petechiae, bruising and
bleeding after minor trauma
Autoantibodies to certain antigens on the
membrane of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli are
formed, inflammatory reax, may suffer pulmonary hemorrhage, kidney failure
anti-GBM disease
OS: GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
- Associated with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR5 (parts of
MHC class II) - Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
- Autoantibodies against many thyroid protein and
T cells are formed - clinical picture: goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroid AB
OS: HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS
Autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH) receptors bind to TSH receptors on thyroid
-Leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones
- May produce hyperthyroidism
- Causes Graves opthamopathy and Grave’s
dermopathy
OS: GRAVE’S DISEASE
Associated with HLA-DR3 / DR4, DQ2, and DQ8
A condition caused by autoimmune responses
against the beta cells in pancreas resulting in
destruction of beta cells
Self-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against the
beta cells migrate to areas of beta cells in pancreas
OS: INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)
Occurs in the neuromuscular junctions
binding of autoantibodies (Ab to nicotinic/acetylcholine receptor)
to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells
- Leads to breakdown in the normal communication
between nerves and muscles
- Causes breakdown and fatigue of any muscle
OS: MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
HLA-DR3 associated
Most prevalent autoimmune disease in developed
countries
chronic systemic inflammatory disease
that can affect many organ systems such as the
skin, the joints, the kidneys, lungs and heart
NS: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
commonest autoantibody found in the serum
of SLE patients
autoantibody to double
stranded DNA (dsDNA) that may belong to IgG or IgM
whom do SLE predominantly affects? m/f?
female
other AB produced by SLE
anti-histones, anti-RBCs,
anti-platelets, and anti-clotting factors
autoantibodies to
RBCs
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
autoantibodies to platelets
Thrombocytopenia and bleeding problems
deposition of circulating immune
complexes in the blood vessels
vasculitis
