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Haematology & immunology > Automated haematology > Flashcards

Automated haematology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

White blood count

A

x109/1

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2
Q

Red cell count

A

x1012/1

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3
Q

Platelet count

A

x109/1

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4
Q

Haematocrit

A

Ratio

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5
Q

Haemoglobin

A

g/1

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6
Q

Mean cell volume

A

Fl

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7
Q

Mean cell haemoglobin

A

Pg

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8
Q

Mean cell haemoglobin concentration

A

g/1

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9
Q

White cell differential

A

Absolute count or percentage

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10
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The iron-containing oxygen transport protein contained within the red cells

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11
Q

Mean cell volume

A

PCV x10/RBC

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12
Q

Mean cell haemoglobin

A

HGB x 10/RBC

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13
Q

Mean cell haemoglobin concentration

A

HGB x 100/ PCV%

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14
Q

MCV

A

Average size of the erythrocytes (fl)

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15
Q

MCH

A

Average weight of haemoglobin per cell (pg)

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16
Q

MCHC

A

Average haemoglobin concentration per cell (g/dl)

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17
Q

Automation

A

Improve quality attributes of a process

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18
Q

Impedance principle

A

Red cells are non-conductive, blood is diluted in diluting medium (conductor) ) passed through a charged aperture = count particles that pass through

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19
Q

Current interruption as cell passes through the aperture

A

1 pulse = 1 cell

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20
Q

Problems, backflow, angle, more than one cell passing through

A

Solution= hydrodynamic focussing

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21
Q

PLTS are smaller than WBC + RBC

A

WBC _ second dilution + counting chamber after losing red cells

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22
Q

Automated PCV & MCV

A

MCV = PCV /RBC

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23
Q

Anomalies

A

Red cell distribution width

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24
Q

hemoglobin measurement

A

Losing RBC’s = haemoglobin (Hb/HGB). Convert to cyanmethaemoglobin (oxidation of Fe2 Fe3) reactive compound attaches to Fe³ to form a
stable measurable compound. 540nm

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25
How to separate the subclasses of WBC
Size nuclear properties staining properties
26
Methodologies of counting / measurement
Impedance Conductivity Laser scatter Absorbance cytochemistry
27
Automated white cell counting example
Principle. Fluorescence: RNA and DNA Side scatter: internal cell structure Forward scatter: cell size
28
How does sysmex count
Each cell passed through the beam scatters light Fluorescent dyes from preparation stage are excited = emit light at lower frequency Detectors analyse fluctuations in the brightness
29
Forward scatter
Info about cell size
30
Size scatter
Internal cell complexity Shape & size of nucleus Number & type of granules Certain membrane properties
31
Side fluorescence
Reflects amount of RNA and DNA in the cell (reflects activity)
32
Cell membrane of white cells to be permeable to fluorescent dye are?
Lysed
33
Lymphocytes have...
Low complexity, small size, low rna/dna activity unless activated
34
Monocytes
Larger, more granules on cytoplasm, larger nucleus + nuclei acid content
35
Neutrophils basophils eosinophils
Larger, most granularity, eosinophils most granularity/neutrophils. Baso sometimes act as neutro
36
Immature granulocytes can be counted using a
Parameter- find sepsis
37
Immature myeloid leucocytes found in marrow include.
Band cells Myelocytes Metamyelocytes Promyelocytes Blast cells
38
Adaptive flagging algorithm based on shape recognition examines
Number of 'events', shape, position, angle, size length and width
39
Nucleated red cells usually confused with lymphocytes
Nucleated are shrunk instead of lysed due to cell membranes are perforated instead. Then stained + measured by flow cytometry, forward scatter, side fluorescence.
40
How to count basophils
Lyce red cells= leaves nucleated forms as bare nuclei. Use a Diluent of specific pH to shrink cytoplasm of leucocytes apart from basophils.= selective suppression of degranulation of the basophils = allows separation into basophils, nucleated red cells + other leucocytes
41
Nucleated red cell/basophil channel
Basophils separated by being larger, stronger nuclear RNA/DNA Presence and hypergranularity
42
What do we notice about platelets?
Difficult to enumerate accurately
43
Impedance platelets
Cells are resistors = measure by impedance + count pulses
44
Optical platelets
Stained with same dye as reticulocytes, may be enumerated. RNA/DNA content is stained
45
Fluorescent platelet count
Specialised fluorescent dye which stains internal structure of platelets Extended time of counting = more accurate
46
Flow cytometry is
The preferred method for platelet count Labelling platelets with marker
47
Raised while cells mean…
Bacterial infection (neutrophils + monocytes)
48
Raised lymphocyte counts mean…
Viral infection/Leukaemia
49
Low white cell counts…
Associated with some drugs
50
Large Red cells (macrocytosis) is associated with…
Liver disease Vitamin B12 Folate deficiency
51
Small red cells (microcytosis) is associated with…
Iron deficiency Haemoglobinopathy (thalassaemia)
52
Raised red cell count..
Cardiac problems
53
Low red cell count..,
Some anaemias
54
Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)
Bleeding Liver disease Marrow failure Clotting problems Immune disorders
55
High platelet counts…
Trauma Post operative reaction Clotting problems Marrow disorders
56
Full blood count provides info relating to…
Blood cells (leucocytes) Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Platelets (thrombocytes)
57
Blood cells are called…
leucocytes
58
Red blood cells are called…
erythrocytes
59
Platelets are called…
thrombocytes
60
Automated analysers are…
Particle counters = cells + extended info is provided using the characteristics of these cells.

Haematology & immunology (11 decks)

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