Automation

Question 1

first automated analyzer by technicon in

Answer 1

1957

Question 2

first “autoanalyzer”
- 40 samples per hour

Answer 2

Continuous flow

Question 3

first commercial centrifugal analyzer was introduced in

Answer 3

1970

Question 4

• Increased work capacity per unit of time
  -Minimized Variability
  -Reduced Errors Caused by Manual Manipulations
• Reduced Sample Volumes
• Reduced Consumable Costs

Answer 4

Advantages of Automation

Question 5

• Initial Costs
  “ Discontinuity of Product
• Technical Skill Required

Answer 5

Disadvantages of Automation

Question 6

All samples loaded at the same time
* Single test is conducted on each sample

Answer 6

Batch Testing

Question 7

• One specimen with more than one test is analyzed

Answer 7

Parallel testing

Question 8

Able to perform individual tests or panels
- allows for stat samples to be added to the run

Answer 8

RAT

Question 9

Multiple test analyzed

Answer 9

Sequential testing

Question 10

Computer software designed to handle laboratory data

Answer 10

LIS

Question 11

Contamination of a sample by a previously aspirated sample

Answer 11

Carry over

Question 12

• System aside from manufacturer’s reagent can be utilized for measurement

Answer 12

Open reagent system

Question 13

Transports specimens quickly from one location to another

Answer 13

Pneumatic tube system

Question 14

• Multi-layered film technology (dry chemicals) used a by automated analyzer
• used in discreet analyzer

Answer 14

Dry chemistry slide

Question 15

Device that automatically dips into a sample cup and aspirates a
portion of the liquid

Answer 15

Probe

Question 16

Holds sample cups and capable of spinning

Answer 16

Rotor

Question 17

Algorithm in which the most recent result of a patient compared with the previously determined value

Answer 17

Delta check

Question 18

• A set of vertical bars of varying width
• used to encode information
• frequently used in clinical laboratory for patient and specimen information

Answer 18

Bar code

Question 19

• Mechanism for patient/sample identification
• used for reagent identification also

Answer 19

Bar coding

Question 20

• Amount of serum that can not be aspirated

Answer 20

Dead volume

Question 21

• Amount of time to generate one result

Answer 21

Turn around

Question 22

Maximum number of tests generated per hour

Answer 22

Throughput

Question 23

• ability to remove the patient’s sample for analysis from the primary
  collection tube by piercing through the stopper.

Answer 23

Closed tube sampling

Question 24

At least wo analytical modules supported by one sample and reagent
processing and delivery system

Answer 24

IMS

Question 25

- Able to perform tests from at least two disciplines

Answer 25

Multiple platform

Question 26

- Al least two instruments from a single discipline with one controller

Answer 26

MWC

Question 27

- Measurement of light reflected from solid surface

Answer 27

Reflectance photometry

Question 28

- Use robotics and fluidics to replicate manual tasks

Answer 28

Automated instrument

Question 29

- Some instruments have level-sensing probes that detect the amount of serum or plasma in the tube.

Answer 29

Specimen handling

Question 30

A. Mixing of sample and reagents occurs in a vessel called a cuvette. B. The most common reaction temperatures are 37°C and 30°C* C. KINETIC ASSAYS D. ENDPOINT/COLORIMETRIC ASSAYS

Answer 30

Testing phase

Question 31

- Difference in absorbency b/w two points of the progression of a reaction - time period: 20 seconds to 1 minute

Answer 31

Kinetic reactiom

Question 32

- Total amount of analyses consumed during the progression of a reaction - time period: 5 to 15 minutes

Answer 32

End point reaction

Question 33

- Near-patient testing, decentralized testing, bedside resting - use of portable whole blood

Answer 33

POCT

Question 34

1. Sample Identification - This is usually done by reading the bar code. This information can be entered manually. 2. Determine tests) to perform - The LIS communicates to the analyzer which tests) have been ordered.

Answer 34

Identification and preparation

Question 35

- Reagent systems and dellvery -One or more reagents can be dispensed into the reaction cuvet. -Specimen measurement and delivery - A small allquot of the sample Is Introduced Into the reaction cuvet. -Chemical reaction phase -The sample and reagents are mixed and Incubated.

Answer 35

Chemical reaction or Analytical phase

Question 36

-Measurement phase - Optical readings may be Initiated before or after all reagents have been added. -Signal processing and data handling - The analyte concentration Is estimated from a calibration curve that is stored in the analyzer. - send results) to LIS - The analyzer communicates results for the ordered tests to the US.

Answer 36

Post analytical or Data collection and analysis

Question 37

Means Immediately

Answer 37

STAT

Question 38

1st to do in POCT

Answer 38

Crossmatch

Question 39

6th to do in POCT

Answer 39

Hematocrit

Question 40

7th to do in POCT

Answer 40

Blood gases

Question 41

Last to do in POCT

Answer 41

Potassium