automation

Question 1

Advantages of automation over Manual Procedures:

Answer 1

Rapid results
Increase in the number of tests performed
Saves time and effort
Eliminates the needs for staff (personnel) increase
Economical
Errors in calculations and transcription are reduced
Better precision and accuracy

Question 2

Disadvantages of automation

Answer 2

There maybe limitations in the methodology that can be used
MT is often discouraged from making observations and using their own judgment
about potential problems.
Many systems are impractical for small number of samples
Expensive to purchase and maintain

Question 3

performs only one test at
a time

Answer 3

sequential analyzer

Question 4

performs only one kind of test
but multiple specimen collection

Answer 4

Batch analyzer

Question 5

performs numerous test but
only for a single specimen

Answer 5

Parallel analyzer

Question 6

performs test in any order

Answer 6

Random access analyzer

Question 7

all samples are loaded at the same
time and a single test is conducted on each sample

Answer 7

Batch testing

Question 8

more than one test is analyzed
concurrently on a given specimen

Answer 8

Parallel testing

Question 9

any test can be
performed on any sample in any sequence

Answer 9

Random access testing

Question 10

multiple test analyzed one
after another on a given specimen

Answer 10

Sequential testing

Question 11

a system other than
manufacturer’s reagent can be used

Answer 11

Open reagent system

Question 12

operator can only use
manufacturer’s reagent

Answer 12

Closed reagent system

Question 13

first commercial centrifugal analyzer was introduced

Answer 13

1970

Question 14

the term used to define reagent stability before use

Answer 14

Shelf life

Question 15

this occurs when a previous sample to have a higher or lower result. This
occurs in systems that reuse cuvettes that are insufficiently washed after each testing cycle

Answer 15

carry over

Question 16

the time the analyzer is not in use

Answer 16

Maintenance time

Question 17

All samples are carried through the same analysis pathway

Answer 17

CONTINUOUS FLOW SYSTEM

Question 18

parts of CONTINUOUS FLOW SYSTEM

Answer 18

• sampler
• pumps and manifolds
• dialyzer
• heating bath

Question 19

For continuous and proportional
delivery of samples, reagents or
gases. This is analogous to
pipetting in manual techniques

Answer 19

pumps and manifolds

Question 20

For heating and incubating
the reaction mixture and
fixed temperature

Answer 20

heating bath

Question 21

the time that an analyzer is unavailable for testing because a periodic
maintenance or reasons pertaining to troubleshooting

Answer 21

downtime

Question 22

the ability to measure only the analyte requested.

Answer 22

specificity

Question 23

the lowest value that can be reliably be detected by a method without providing a false positive result.

Answer 23

sensitivity

Question 24

the range over which patient results can be reported without manipulating the sample (i.e. using a dilution). The
linear range is generally defined by the values of the highest and lowest calibrations available for a particular instrument.

Answer 24

linearity

Question 25

a means of providing positive sample identification.

Answer 25

bar code

Question 26

the ability of the operator to program the instrument to perform other tasks while the instrument processes the tests

Answer 26

walk away capability

Question 27

the number of test results that are generated by a laboratory during a given time period

Answer 27

workload

Question 28

a list of the analytes or tests that a laboratory would to be able to provide for patient testing.

Answer 28

test menu

Question 29

labor maintenance, reagents, calibration, quality control, consumables and capital

Answer 29

cost

Question 30

maximum number of samples or tests that can be processed in an hour; the measure of speed of an analytical system.

Answer 30

throughput

Question 31

minimum time required to obtain result after the initial sampling of the specimen

Answer 31

dwell time

Question 32

only performs requested test

Answer 32

selective

Question 33

number of tests that can be performed on instrument

Answer 33

test repertoire

Question 34

refers to automated devices and robots integrated with existing analyzers to perform all phases of laboratory testing

Answer 34

total laboratory automation

Question 35

a well-designed automated system maintains or reproduces the prescribed conditions with great precision

Answer 35

standardization

Question 36

This is simply a waiting period in which the test mixture is allowed time to react

Answer 36

incubation

Question 37

example of CENTRIFUGAL FAST ANALYZERS

Answer 37

CentrifiChem * RotoChem

Question 38

example of THIN-FILM ANALYZERS

Answer 38

Kodak “EktaChem

Question 39

A computer controlled, single channel analyzer

Answer 39

AMERICAN MONITOR KDA

Question 40

Offer double-beam photometers for automatic blank correction

Answer 40

BECKMAN DSA and DSA 564

Question 41

Results are stored with subsequent print -out of collated patient results

Answer 41

AMERICAN MONITOR KDA

Question 42

Use of micro-amounts of serum and reagents

Answer 42

BECKMAN DSA and DSA 564