Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CMOD Block 2 > Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Autonomic activity on iris radial muscle of the eye work on what receptor? What is the action?

A 
alpha 1 (sympathetic activity)
Contracts radial muscle (dilation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autonomic activity acting on iris circular muscle of the eye work on what receptor? What is the action?

A

M3 (parasympathetic activity)

Contracts circular muscle (constriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autonomic activity of ciliary muscle of the eye depends on what receptors?

A

beta (sympathetic)

M3 (parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Beta receptors of ciliary muscle of the eye are associated with what autonomic action?

A

relaxation (so you can adapt to long range focus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscarinic receptors of ciliary muscles of the eye are associated with what autonomic action?

A

contraction (so you can adapt to short range focus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acceleration of SA node activity relies on what receptors?

A

beta1 and beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deceleration of SA node activity relies on what receptor?

A

M2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acceleration of ectopic pacemaker activity relies on what receptors?

A

beta1 and beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deceleration of ectopic pacemaker activity relies on what receptor?

A

N/A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increased contractility of the heart relies on what receptors?

A

beta1 and beta2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Decreased contractility of the heart (atria) relies on what receptor?

A

M2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on splanchnic vessels in the skin? What receptor is involved?

A

contraction (alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the major sympathetic activity on skeletal muscle vessels in the skin? What receptor is involved?

A

relaxation (beta 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is released by the endothelium of vessels in the heart, brain, and viscera upon activation of muscarinic receptors 3 and 5?

A

EDRF (endothelial derived relaxation factor)

M5 makes cerebral blood vessels dilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on bronchiolar smooth muscle? What receptor is involved?

A

relaxation (beta2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the parasympathetic activity on bronchiolar smooth muscle? What receptor is involved?

A

contraction (M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on walls of the GI tract? What receptors are involved?

A

relaxation (alpha2, beta2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the parasympathetic activity on walls of the GI tract? What receptor is involved?

A

contraction (M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on sphincters of the GI tract? What receptor is involved?

A

contraction (alpha1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the parasympathetic activity on sphincters of the GI tract? What receptor is involved?

A

relaxation (M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on secretion in the GI tract? What receptor is involved?

A

N/A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the parasympathetic activity on secretion in the GI tract? What receptor is involved?

A

increases secretion (M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the sympathetic activity on bladder wall? What receptors are involved?

A

relaxation (Beta2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the parasympathetic activity on bladder wall? What receptors are involved?

A

contraction (M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the sympathetic activity on GU sphincter? What receptors are involved?
contraction (alpha1)
26
What is the parasympathetic activity on GU sphincter? What receptors are involved?
relaxation (M3)
27
What is the sympathetic activity on pregnant uterus? What receptors are involved?
Relaxes (beta2) | Contracts (alpha)
28
What is the parasympathetic activity on pregnant uterus? What receptors are involved?
contracts (M3)
29
What is the sympathetic activity on seminal vesicles? What receptors are involved?
ejaculation (alpha)
30
What is the parasympathetic activity on seminal vesicles? What receptors are involved?
erection (M)
31
What is the sympathetic activity on pilimotor smooth muscle? What receptors are involved?
contraction (alpha)
32
What is the sympathetic activity on eccrine sweat glands? What receptors are involved?
increases activity (M)
33
What is the sympathetic activity on apocrine sweat glands? What receptors are involved?
stress sweating increases (alpha)
34
What is the sympathetic activity on metabolic function of the liver? What receptors are involved?
gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis (beta2, alpha)
35
What is the sympathetic activity on metabolic funciton of fat cells? What receptors are involved?
lipolysis (beta3)
36
What is the sympathetic activity on metabolic funciton of the kidney? What receptors are involved?
renin release (beta1)
37
What is the most frequently disabling manifestation of autonomic failure?
orthostatic hypotension- sympathetic vasomotor denervation (standing patient cannot constrict splanchnic and other peripheral vascular beds in response to pooling blood due to gravity)
38
Orthostatic hypotension is common in what population?
50% elderly, frail individuals in nursing homes
39
What is syncope?
fainting/ loss of consciousness due to drop in BP
40
What is postprandial hypotension?
common autonomic syndrome where you have drop in BP of at least 20 mmHg within 2 hours after eating (especially lots of carbs)
41
What is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy in the world?
diabetes mellitus
42
What is hyperhidrosis?
excessive sweating
43
What is anhidrosis?
lack of sweating (lack of sympathetic response)
44
What are the 3 main divisions of the peripheral autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic parasympathetic enteric
45
Where do sympathetic nerves originate?
thoracolumbar segments of spinal cord
46
Where are parasympathetic nerves originate?
CN III, VII, IX, and X | Sacral spinal segments
47
Where are enteric nerves originate?
ganglionated plexuses intrinsic to walls of gut
48
Name some major physiological effects of sympathetic activation.
``` Pupillary dilation Increased HR and contractility Peripheral vascular constriction Bronchodilation Increased gland secretions (sweating) Mobilization of energy substrates ```
49
Name some major physiological effects of parasympathetic activation.
``` Pupillary constriction Decreased HR and contractility Salivary secretion Bronchoconstriction Increased GI motility Bladder contraction ```
50
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons use what as their primary neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
51
Paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia spread to all organs and tissues except those of the ___ and ___?
abdomen and pelvis
52
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons form what structures that innervate celiac, superior mesenteric, and hypogastric ganglia?
splanchnic nerves
53
(most) Sympathetic postganglionic neurons use what as their primary neurotransmitter?
adrenergic and use norepinephrine
54
What type of sympathetic postganglionic neurons do not use norepinephrine as their primary neurotransmitter? What do they use instead?
sweat glands, use acetylcholine
55
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons use what as their primary neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
56
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons use what as their primary neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
57
Do sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers constitute the afferent limbs of the baroreceptor reflex?
parasympathetic (CN IX and X)
58
What are the 2 neural plexuses of the enteric nervous system?
myenteric (Auerbach) plexus | submucosal (Meissner) plexus
59
Disorders of the enteric nervous system primarily affect what?
GI motility | sphincter control
60
What type of nerve fibers to peripheral neuropathies affect? What symptoms does this cause?
small nerve fibers | combinations of sensory, sympathetic, or parasympathetic signs and symptoms (pins and needles, numbness, gait changes)
61
What are some metabolic causes of peripheral autonomic neuropathy?
diabetes alcohol uremia
62
What are some autoimmune causes of peripheral autonomic neuropathy?
Buillain-Barre syndrome Sjogren's syndrome lupus
63
List some infections that lead to peripheral autonomic neuropathy.
``` HIV Leprosy Botulism Diptheria Lyme disease ```
64
What is the most common cause of neuropathy worldwide?
leprosy
65
What does the clinical spectrum of chronic autonomic neuropathies include?
distal small fiber neuropathies with "stocking and glove" distribution of anhidrosis, often combined with loss of pain/temperature sensibility Also may see orthostatic hypotension and impaired exercise tolerance
66
What is baroreflex failure? What are the symptoms?
damage to carotid sinus baroreceptors that impairs baroreflex response (so elevated BP no longer decreases HR). PARASYMPATHETIC Symptoms: hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, etc.
67
What is the MOA of tetanus infection?
exotoxin binds to gangliosides at presynaptic juncitons to disinhibit preganglionic neurons and damage autonomic brain stem nuclei leading to SYMPATHETIC HYPERACTIVITY
68
What is the MOA of botulism?
botulinum toxin binds with high affinity to presynaptic receptors of cholinergic nerve terminals and inhibits release of acetylcholine (causing flaccid paralysis SYMPATHETIC HYPOACTIVITY)
69
How does poisoning with muscarine manifest?
increased salivation, sweating, and lacrimation (followed by nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea)
70
Giving a non-specific beta-blocker does what?
``` bradycardia broncho-constriction reduced glucose production hyperkalemia (decreased K+ going in to cells) Lipid metabolism (increase TGs) Weight gain ```
71
When do you want to give an alpha1 blocker?
before sleep
72
What are the effects of an alpha1-blocker?
dizziness (dilation of vasiclature) drowsiness (CNS receptors) impotence urinary incontinence
73
What are the effects of giving an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
``` bradycardia/hypotension bronchospasm GI and urinary uncontrolled Blurred vision Increased lacrimation/diaphoresis ```
74
SLUDGE is a mnemonic for what?
Too much parasympathetic activity: - Salivation - lacrimation - urination - diarrhea - GI upset - Emesis
75
DUMBELS is a mneumonic for what?
Too much parasympathetic activity: - Diaphoresis/diarrhea - Urination - Miosis (pupil constricted) - bronchospasm - emesis - lacrimation - salivation

CMOD Block 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions