Autonomic Drugs Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
Bethanechol
A
- Direct cholinergic agonist
- Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle
- Resistant to AChE
- “Bethany, call me to activate your Bowels and Bladder”
2
Q
Carbachol
A
- Direct cholinergic agonist
- Consticts pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma
“Carbon copy of acetylcholine”
3
Q
Methacholine
A
- Direct cholinergic agonist
- Asthma challenge test
- Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway (M3)
4
Q
Pilocarpine
A
- Direct cholinergic agonist
- Contracts ciliary muscle eye (open-angle glaucoma)
- Contracts pupillary sphincter (closed-angle glaucoma)
- Resistant to AChE
- Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva (“you cry, sweat, and drool on your PILow”)
5
Q
Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
A
- Anticholinesterase
- Alzheimer Disease
6
Q
Edrophonium
A
- Anticholinesterase
- Used to be used for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
7
Q
Neostigmine
A
- Anticholinesterase
- Postop and neurogenic ileus/urinary retention
- Postop reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade
- Myasthenia gravis
- No CNS penetration
8
Q
Physostigmine
A
- Anticholinesterase
- Atropine overdose/anticholinergic toxicity
- Penetrates CNS
- “PHYxes atropine overdose”
9
Q
Pyridostigmine
A
- Anticholinesterase
- Myasthenia gravis
- No CNS penetration
- “PyRIDostiGMine gets RID of Myasthenia Gravis”
10
Q
Atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Mydriasis
- Treat bradycardia
- For atropine: caution in elderly due to acute angle-closure glaucoma, hyperthermia in infants, urinary retention in men with big prostates
11
Q
Benztropine
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Parkinson disease (CNS penetration)
- “Park my Benz”
12
Q
Glycopyrrolate
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Oral: drooling, peptic ulcer
- IV: preop reduction in airway secretions
13
Q
Hyosycamine, dicyclomine
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Antispasmodics for IBS
14
Q
Ipratropium, tiotrupium
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- COPD and asthma
15
Q
Oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence
16
Q
Scopolamine
A
- Muscarinic antagonist
- CNS penetration: motion sickness
17
Q
Albuterol
A
- β2 > β1 agonist
- Acute asthma
18
Q
Salmeterol
A
- β2 > β1 agonist
- Long-term asthma or COPD control
19
Q
Dobutamine
A
- β1 > β2, α agonist
- Heart failure (inotropic/chronotropic)
- Cardiac stress testing
20
Q
Dopamine
A
- D1 = D2 > β > α agonist
- Unstable bradychardia, HF, shock
- Inotropic and chronotorpic α effects predominate at high doses
21
Q
Epinephrine
A
- β > α agonist
- Anaphylaxis, asthma, open-angle glaucoma
- α effects predominate at high doses
- Way stronger at β2 receptor than norepinephrine
22
Q
Isoproterenol
A
- β1 = β2 agonist
- Used for electrophysiologic evaluation of tachyarrhtmias
- Can worsen ischemia
- Can increase contraction and decrease vascular resistance simultaneously
23
Q
Norepinephrine
A
- α1 > α2 > β1 agonist
- Treat hypotension (but will decrease renal perfusion)
- NO β2
24
Q
Phenylephrine
A
- α1 > α2 agonist
- Treat hypotension, rhinitis, and use for ocular procedures
25
Clonidine
- α2 agonist
- Hypertensive urgency (does not decrease renal perfusion)
- ADHD, Tourette syndrome
26
α-methyldopa
- α2 agonist
- Hypertension in pregnancy
- Can cause Direct Coombs + hemolysis and SLE-like syndrome
27
Phenoxybenzamine
- α blocker, non selective, irreversible
| - Pheochromocytoma preoperatively
28
Phentolamine
- α blocker, non selective, reversible
| - Give to pt on MAOI who eats tryamine-containing food
29
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin (-osin ending)
- α1 blocker, selective
| - PBH, PTSD (Prazosin), hypertension (except tamsulosin)
30
Mirtazapine
- α2 blocker, selective
| - Depression
