Autonomic Drugs by Class Flashcards
1
Q
- acetylcholine
- bethanechol
- carbachol
- cevimeline
A
direct M agonists, choline esters
2
Q
muscarine
pilocarpine
A
M agonists, alkaloids
3
Q
nicotine
varenicline
A
direct nicotinic agonist
4
Q
neostigmine physostigmine pyridostigmine rivastigmine ambenonium demecarium carbaryl
A
cholinesterase inhibitors, carbamates
5
Q
edrophonium
A
cholinesterase inhibitor, simple alcohol ester
6
Q
echothiophate soman sarin parathion malathion isofluorophate DFP
A
cholinesterase inhibitor, organophosphates
7
Q
donepezil
tacrine
galantamine
A
cholinesterase inhibitors
8
Q
atropine scopolamine homatropine pirenzepine tropicamide tolterodine dicyclomine fesoteridine mepenzolate solifenacin oxybutinin darifenacin
A
M antagonist - tertiary amine
9
Q
atropine methyl nitrate methscopolamine ipratropium propantheline glycopyrrolate
A
M antagonist - quaternary amine
10
Q
hexamethonium
trimethaphan
mecamylamine
A
ganglionic blocking drugs
11
Q
pralidozime (2-PAM)
A
cholinesterase regenerator
12
Q
epinephrine (a1, a2, b1, b2) norepinephrine (a1, a2, b1) isoproterenol (b1, b2) dobutamine (b1) dopamine (d1)
A
catecholamines
13
Q
ephedrine/pseudoephedrine cocaine tyramine amphetamine methamphetamine methylphenidate
A
indirect sympathomimetics
14
Q
phenylephrine
methoxamine
oxymetazoline (afrin)
A
alpha-1 selective agonists
15
Q
clonidine
methydopa
guanfacine
guanabenz
A
alpha-2 selective agonists
16
Q
dobutamine
prenalterol
A
beta-1 selective agonists
17
Q
albuterol
salmeterol
terbutaline
A
beta-2 selective agonists
18
Q
- act on peripheral vasculature
- contract smooth muscle, pressor effects
A
alpha 1 adrenoceptors
19
Q
- presynaptic autoregulation of neurotransmitter release
- decrease cAMP
A
alpha 2 adrenoceptors
20
Q
- activate adenylyl cyclase, increase cAMP
- equal affinity for epi and NE
A
beta 1 adrenoceptors
21
Q
- activate adenylyl cyclase, increase cAMP
- higher affinity for epi than NE
A
beta 2 adrenoceptors
22
Q
- potent vasoconstrictor (alpha-1) and cardiac stimulant (beta-1)
- positive inotropic and chronotropic actions on the heart (beta-1)
- epinephrine activates beta-2 receptors
- mixed effects on TPR, increases venous capacitance
A
epinephrine
23
Q
- alpha-1, beta-1 activator
- little effect on beta-2 receptors
- increases peripheral resistance
- increases diastolic and systolic BP
- compensatory vagal reflexes overcome direct positive chronotropy, at high doses may directly increase HR
A
norepinephrine
24
Q
- potent nonselective beta agonist
- positive chronotropic and inotropic actions
- increases cardiac output
- decreases diastolic and MAP
A
isoproterenol
25
- activates D1 receptors in renal vasculature
| - increases renal blood flow
dopamine
26
- relatively beta-1 selective synthetic catecholamine
| - activates alpha-1 receptors
dobutamine
27
- alpha-1 agonist
- not inactivated by COMT, longer duration of actions
- mydriatic and decongestant, can raise BP
phenylephrine
28
alpha-1 selective sympathomimetic
methoxamine
29
first orally active sympathomimetic drug
ephedrine
30
- OTC decongestant
| - release endogenous NE
pseudoephedrine
31
- direct alpha-1 agonists
| - topical decongestant
oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
32
used as antihypertensives, diminish SNS outflow
alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, methlydopa, guanfacine, guanabenz)
33
- increase cardiac output with less reflex tachycardia
| - lack of beta-2 stimulated venous dilation
beta-1 agonists
34
asthma and uterine relaxation in premature labor
beta-2 agonists (albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline, ritodrine)
35
- indirect sympathomimetic, stimulant effect on mood and alertness
- drug of abuse
amphetamine
36
higher ratio of central to peripheral actions than amphetamine
methamphetamine
37
amphetamine variant used in ADHD
methylphenidate
38
sympathomimetic due to blockade of uptake 1
cocaine
39
releases stored catecholamines, found in fermented foods, MAO inhibitors potentiate effects, can produce hypertensive crisis
tyramine
40
phentolamine
phenoxybenzamine
tolazoline
nonselective alpha antagonists
41
```
prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin
tamsulosin
alfuzosin
silodosin
labetalol
```
alpha-1 selective antagonists
42
yohimbine
alpha-2 selective antagonists
43
reserpine
| guanadrel
adrenergic neuron blocking drugs
44
```
propanolol
nadolol
timolol
pindolol
cartelolol
penbutolol
levobunalol
labetalol
```
nonselective beta antagonists
45
```
metoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
acebutolol
betaxolol
bisoprolol
nebivolol
```
beta-1 selective antagonists
46
butoxamine
beta-2 selective antagonist
47
reversible (competitive) alpha antagonist
phentolamine
48
irreversible alpha antagonist, long duration of action
phenoxybenzamine
49
lower peripheral vascular resistance, reduce blood pressure
alpha antagonists
50
can reverse pressor effects of epinephrine, may cause postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia
alpha antagonist
51
- alpha antagonist, nonselective, competitive
- reduces TPR, MAP
- reflex tachycardia
phentolamine
52
irreversible alpha antagonist, binds covalently
- treatment of pheochromocytoma
- postural hypotension and tachycardia limit use
phenoxybenzamine
53
prazosin and terazosin
alpha-1 selective antagonist
54
alpha-1 antagonist with longer half life, treat HTN and BPH
doxazosin
55
competitive alpha-1 antagonists, good efficacy in BPH
tamsulosin, alfuzosin
56
alpha-2 selective antagonist, no clinical role, ED
yohimbine
57
pindolol, acebutolol, and carteolol
beta-antagonists with intrinsic sympathomimetic effects
58
ultra short acting beta-1 selective antagonist
esmolol
59
```
benazepril
captopril
enalapril
fosinopril
lisinopril
moexipril
perindopril
quinapril
ramipril
trandolapril
```
ACE inhibitors
60
```
candesartan
eprosartan
irbesartan
losartan
olmesartan
telmisartan
valsartan
```
Angiotensin receptor antagonists
61
aliskiren
renin inhibitor
62
bosentan
endothelin receptor antagonist
63
aprepitant
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
64
desmopressin
| vasopressin
vasopressin agonist
65
conivaptan
vasopressin receptor antagonist
66
aminophylline
theophylline
dyphylline
methylxanthines
67
albuterol, bitolterol, pirbuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline
b-2 agonists
68
salmeterol and formoterol
long acting beta agonists
69
epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol
sympathomimetics
70
ipratropium, tiotropium, atropine
muscarinic antagonists
71
montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton
leukotriene antagonists
72
beclomethasone, budesonide, dexamethasone, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone
glucocorticoids
73
omalizumab
anti-IgE antibody
74
mepolizumab, reslizumab
anti IL-5 antibody
75
cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium
prophylactic agents
