Autonomic Drugs - MT Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Mixed alpha and beta, direct acting, adrenergic agonist
A
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
2
Q
Alpha 2 selective, direct acting adrenergic agonist
A
Clonidine
3
Q
Beta 2 selective, direct acting adrenergic agonist
A
Terbutaline
Isoproterenol
4
Q
Indirect acting adrenergic agonist
A
Amphetamine
Cocaine
5
Q
Dual-acting adrenergic agonist
A
Ephedrine
6
Q
Nonselective alpha adrenergic antagonist
A
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
7
Q
Alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonist
A
Prazosin
8
Q
Nonselective beta adrenergic antagonist
A
Propanolol
9
Q
Beta 1 selective adrenergic antagonist
A
Metoprolol
10
Q
All preganglionic fibers (parasympathetic and sympathetic) outside the CNS
A
Acetylcholine
11
Q
Postganglionic parasympathetic
A
Acetylcholine
12
Q
Sweat glands
Piloerector muscles
Few blood vessels
A
Acetylcholine
13
Q
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
A
Adrenergic
14
Q
Platelets aggregation
A
Alpha 2
15
Q
Ligand gated ion channels
A
Acetylcholine nicotinic receptors
16
Q
G protein coupled
A
Acetylcholine muscarinic receptors
Adenosine
Dopamine
Adrenergic
17
Q
Alpha _ postsynaptic receptors
Excitatory
A
Alpha 1
18
Q
Alpha _ presynaptic
Feedback inhibition on the release of NE
A
Alpha 2
19
Q
Excitatory to heart and fat cells
A
Beta 1 receptors
20
Q
Inhibitory to smooth muscles and glands
A
Beta 2 receptors
21
Q
Found in the autonomic ganglia and CNS
A
M1 receptors
22
Q
Supraventricular parts of the heart
Inhibitory
A
M2
23
Q
Smooth muscle, glands, endothelial cells of the vasculature
A
M3 receptors
24
Q
Naturally occurring alkaloids
Direct acting muscarinic
Cholinergic agonist
A
Muscarine
Arecoline
Pilocarpine
25
Synthetic alkaloids
Direct-acting muscarinic
Cholinergic agonist
Carbachol
| Betanechol
26
Short acting
| Indirect acting muscarinic
Edrophonium
27
Indirecting acting muscarinic
AchE inhibitors
28
Medium acting
| Indirect acting muscarinic
Neostigmine
| Physostigmine
29
Long acting
| Indirect acting muscarinic
Organophosphates
30
Antimuscarinic
| Cholinergic antagonist
Belladona alkaloids
31
Antinicotinic
| Cholinergic antagonist
Nondepolarizing NMB
| Ganglionic blockers
32
Used in asthma and other allergic diseases
Relaxes airways
Reduces swelling
Epinephrine
33
Act directly on both alpha and beta receptors
Epinephrine
34
Causes release of noradrenaline
Pseudoephedrine
35
Used as treatment for rhinitis and colds as a decongestant
Pseudoephedrine
36
Acts directly on alpha receptors
Selective alpha 1 agonist
Used as decongestant in rhinitis and colds
Phenylephrine
37
2 adrenergic agonists
| Used as decongestant for rhinitis and colds
Pseudoephedrine
| Phenylephrine
38
Causes accumulation of noradrenaline at the synapses
Amphetamine
39
No longer used clinically
| For treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficiency hyperkinesia
Amphetamines
40
Acts indirectly on both alpha and beta receptors
| Causes release of endogenous catecholamines
Ephedrine
41
Used as vasopressor
Ephedrine
42
Selective beta 2 agonist
| Used as a bronchodilator in asthma and as a tocolytic agent in premature labor
Terbutaline
43
Selective alpha 2 agonist
| For treatment of hypertension
Clonidine
44
Dopamine alpha 1 agonist with beta 2 agonist activity
Dopexamine
45
Used for hemodynamic support in patients with low cardiac output (heart failure)
Dopexamine - dopamine alpha 1 agonist with beta 2 agonist activity
46
Blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine
Reserpine
47
Used in the management of some types of hypertension
| Side effect: sedation
Reserpine - blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine
48
Noncompetitively blocks alpha receptors
Phenoxybenzamine
49
2 drugs
| Used in management of malignant hypertension secondary pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine - Noncompetitively blocks alpha receptors
| Phentolamine - Competitively blocks alpha receptors
50
Competitively blocks alpha receptors
Phentolamine
51
Selectively blocks alpha 1 receptors
Prazosin
52
Used in the management of some types of hypertension
| No reflex tachycardia and postural hypertension
Prazosin - selectively blocks alpha 1 receptors
53
Nonselectively blocks beta receptors
Propanolol
54
Used in hypertension, angina, migraine head and mitral valve prolapse
Propanolol - nonselectively blocks beta receptors
55
Selectively blocks beta 1 receptors
Metoprolol
56
Predominant effect are cardiac
Metoprolol - selectively blocks beta 1 receptors
57
Selectively blocks dopamine 2 receptors
Metoclopramide
58
Used as a powerful antiemetic
| Acts by increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure and increasing the rate of gastric emptying
Metoclopramide - selectively blocks dopamine 2 receptors
59
Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Used as eye drops
Constrict the iris
Acetylcholine
60
Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Used as eyedrops
For treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma
Pilocarpine
61
Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
| For treatment of GI and bladder atony
Betanechol
62
Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors
Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors
Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark
Succinylcholine
63
Depolarizing NMJ blocker
Succinylcholine
Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors
Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors
Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark
64
Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark
Succinylcholine
65
Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors
Succinylcholine
66
Acts indirectly on nicotinic receptors
| Causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine that stimulates nicotinic NMJ receptors
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
67
Causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine that stimulates nicotinic NMJ receptors
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
68
Acts indirectly on nicotinic receptors
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
69
Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors
Succinylcholine
70
Short-acting reversible
| Used as diagnostic aid in myasthenia gravis
Quaternary ammonium compounds
| Edrophonium
71
Used as diagnostic aid in myasthenia gravis
Quaternary ammonium compounds
| Edrophonium - short acting
72
Moderately reversible
| Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
Carbamates
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
73
Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
Carbamates
Neostigmine
Physostigmine - moderately reversible
74
Irreversible
Used in insecticides
Poisoning is treated with anticholinergic drugs
Organophosphates
75
Used in insecticides
| Poisoning is treated with anticholinergic drugs
Organophosphates- irreversible
76
2 drugs
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Naturally occurring alkaloids
Atropine
| Scopolamine
77
Used as anticholinergic agent to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, decrease gastric motility, cause mild bronchodilation and in treatment of organophosphate poisoning
Atropine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
78
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning
Atropine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
- anticholinergic
79
Same as atropine
With more central effect
May cause mild sedation
Scopolamine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
80
Synthetic ester
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Same as atropine
Dicyclomine
81
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as mild bronchodilator in asthma therapy
Ipatropium
82
Used as mild bronchodilator in asthma therapy
Ipratropium - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
83
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as antispasmodic by decreasing gastric motility
Propantheline
84
Used as antispasmodic by decreasing gastric motility
Propantheline - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
85
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as pre-operative medication to reduce salivation and maintain heart rate during surgery
Glycopyrrolate
86
Used as pre-operative medication to reduce salivation and maintain heart rate during surgery
Glycopyrrolate - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
87
Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptors sites
Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
- gallamine
- pancuronium
- atracurium
- vecuronium
- rocuronium
88
Causes nondepolarizing block of NMJ
| Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the NMJ
Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
- gallamine
- pancuronium
- atracurium
- vecuronium
- rocuronium
89
___________________
| Lipid soluble and can easily penetrate the brain
Tertiary compounds
- naturally occurring
- synthetic esters
90
Naturally occurring alkaloids (tertiary)
Atropine
| Scopolamine
91
Synthetic esters (tertiary)
Dicyclomine
92
_______________________
Water-soluble
Do not penetrate the CNS well
Quaternary compounds
- ipratropium
- propantheline
- glycopyrrolate
