Autonomic Innervation Of The Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the target tissues of the sympathetic nerves in the head and neck?

Answer 1

Sweat glands, dilator pupillae, superior tarsal muscle, smooth muscle of blood vessels

Question 2

Where do sympathetic neurons supplying the head and neck exit the spinal cord?

Answer 2

The T1/2 level

Question 3

How do the sympathetic nerve first move up towards the cervical ganglia after exiting the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Through the sympathetic chain

Question 4

Where do the pre ganglion is and postganglionic sympathetic neurones for head and neck usually synapse?

Answer 4

The superior cervical ganglion

Question 5

What structures do the sympathetic neurone hitch hike with to reach the target tissues within the head and neck?

Answer 5

The external and internal carotid arteries

Question 6

Which blood vessel do sympathetic nerves hitch hike with that want to supply structures of the eyes?

Answer 6

The opthalmic artery

Question 7

What are the actions of the sympathetic stimulation in the head and neck?

Answer 7

Pupil dilation, eyelid retraction, vasoconstriction, increased sweating decreased saliva production (more viscous)

Question 8

Where do the parasympathetic neurons originate within the CNS?

Answer 8

The brain stem

Question 9

Which structures do they hitch hike with to reach their target tissues?

Answer 9

Cranial nerves (3,7,9,10)

Question 10

Where is it that the parasympathetic fibres of oculomotor nerve originate in the brain stem?

Answer 10

The edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 11

Where do the parasympathetic neurons of the oculomotor nerve synapse?

Answer 11

At the ciliary ganglion

Question 12

Which distal branch of the trigeminal nerve do the parasympathetic fibre of the oculomotor nerve run with?

Answer 12

The distal branches of the opthalmic division

Question 13

What target tissues do the oculomotor nerve parasympathetic fibres supply?

Answer 13

The sphincter pupillae and the muscles controlling lens shape

Question 14

Which two ganglia do the parasympathetic neurones of the facial nerve synapse within?

Answer 14

The pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Question 15

What is the fully parasympathetic branch of the facial nerve that branches off in the petrous bone called?

Answer 15

The greater petrosal nerve

Question 16

What structures does the greater petrosal nerve supply?

Answer 16

The lacrimal and mucosal glands

Question 17

Where do the parasympathetic neurones within the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse?

Answer 17

The otic ganglion

Question 18

Where is the otic ganglion located? (which fossa)

Answer 18

The infratemporal fossa

Question 19

Once the parasympathetic fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve exits the middle ear what are they collectively known as?

Answer 19

The lesser petrosal nerve

Question 20

What structure does the lesser petrosal nerve supply?

Answer 20

The parotid gland

Question 21

What are target tissues for the parasympathetic fibres of the vagus nerve?

Answer 21

Cardiac muscle, mucosal glands and mouth muscle of both upper respiratory and upper gastrointestinal tracts