Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Efferents of the Autonomic Nervous System: Preganglionic cell bodies

Answer 1

in CNS

Question 2

Efferents of the ANS: Postganglionic cell bodies

Answer 2

in peripheral ganglia

Question 3

Sympathetic Nervous System efferents

Answer 3

Short pre-ganglionic neurons (T1-L2)

Long post-ganglionic neurons (near spinal cord)

Question 4

Organ/Tissue involvement in Sympathetic Nervous System activity

Answer 4

sympathetic nerve activity to multiple tissues can be increased simultaneously

Question 5

Parasympathetic Nervous System efferents

Answer 5

Longer pre-ganglionic neurons (cranial nerves and sacral nerves)
Short post-ganglionic neurons (in or near the target tissue)

Question 6

Organ/Tissue involvement in Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity

Answer 6

parasympathetic nerve activity to each tissue is usually under SEPARATE control

Question 7

Sympathetic effect: Saliva production

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

Parasympathetic effect: Saliva production

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

Sympathetic effect: Heartrate

Answer 9

increase

Question 10

Sympathetic effect: Intestinal mobility

Answer 10

decrease

Question 11

Sympathetic effect: Glucose release

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

Sympathetic effect: Urination

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

Sympathetic effect: Relaxes/Dilates airway

Answer 13

increase

Question 14

Sympathetic effect: Nasal Secretion

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

Sympathetic effect: Blood Pressure

Answer 15

increase

Question 16

Parasympathetic effect: Heartrate

Answer 16

decrease

Question 17

Parasympathetic effect: Intestinal mobility

Answer 17

increase

Question 18

Parasympathetic effect: Glucose release

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

Parasympathetic effect: Urination

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

Parasympathetic effect: Relaxes/dilates airway

Answer 20

decrease

Question 21

Parasympathetic effect: nasal secretions

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

Parasympathetic effect: blood pressure

Answer 22

small decrease

Question 23

When do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems NOT antagonize each other

Answer 23

Sexual function:
Parasympathetic- Erection
Sympathetic- Ejaculation

Question 24

T/F There is a lot of parasympathetic innervation of blood vessels

Answer 24

FALSE. decreases in blood pressure are mediated mostly by sympathetic withdrawal

Question 25

Parasympathetic: NT and receptor

Answer 25

Acetylcholine | Muscarinic receptor

Question 26

Sympathetic: NT and receptor

Answer 26

Norepinephrine Alpha or Beta adrenergic receptors (some sympathetic postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine i.e. sweat glands)

Question 27

Adrenal Medulla: NT and receptor

Answer 27

Acetylcholine Epinephrine (80%) Norepinephrine (20%) Blood vessels

Question 28

Pre-ganglionic NT and receptor in both

Answer 28

Acetylcholine | Nicotinic receptor

Question 29

Adrenergic receptor: Alpha- 2 subtypes

Answer 29

contractile effects of norepinephrine/epinephrine | blood vessels, urogenital, sphincters

Question 30

Adrenergic receptor: Beta- 3 subtypes

Answer 30

B1- stimulatory effects of norepinephrine/epinephrine in the heart B2- relaxing effects (epinephrine > norepinephrine) GI tract, urogenital system, airway, some blood vessels

Question 31

The controlled elimination of urine

Answer 31

micturition

Question 32

leaking urine

Answer 32

incontinence

Question 33

T/F There is parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic control of bladder function

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

Control of Bladder: Parasympathetic Stimulation

Answer 34

contraction of bladder wall (Detrusor) | relaxation of internal sphincter

Question 35

Control of Bladder: Sympathetic Stimulation

Answer 35

relaxation of bladder wall | contraction of internal sphincter

Question 36

Control of Bladder: Alpha Motor Neuron

Answer 36

contraction of external sphincter

Question 37

Detrusor muscle

Answer 37

(smooth) relaxed: filling | contract: emptying

Question 38

Internal sphincter

Answer 38

(smooth) contracted: filling | relaxed: emptying

Question 39

External Sphincter

Answer 39

(striated, like skeletal muscle) contracted: filling | relaxed: emptying

Question 40

Spinal Reflex- Autonomic Afferent (urination) | What reflex activation is expressed?

Answer 40

stretch receptors in the bladder wall are activated when the bladder is stretched (filled); parasympathetic nerves to the bladder walll, causing it to contract

Question 41

Supra-spinal reflexes (urination) | What reflex activated is expressed?

Answer 41

Sympathetic- brain stem (micturition center) that causes reflex relaxation of the sphincters allowing urine to leave bladder

Question 42

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure by:

Answer 42

1. Contracting vascular smooth muscle around blood vessels to decrease their diameters and therefore increase total peripheral resistance 2. Increasing heart rate, cardiac contractility (SV), and therefore, cardiac output

Question 43

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system can decrease blood pressure by _____.

Answer 43

decreasing heart rate

Question 44

Arterial baroreceptor reflex inhibits what and activates what?

Answer 44

inhibition of sympathetic efferents and activation of the parasympathetic efferents so that BP returns to NORMAL

Question 45

Where are baroreceptors located?

Answer 45

carotid sinus and aortic arch (goes to brain stem)

Question 46

Hypothalamus functions

Answer 46

coordinated regulation of visceral function by ANS and the endocrine system