Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Somatic Neuronal Set-up
A
1
2
Q
Somatic activities
A
voluntary
3
Q
Somatic Effector organ
A
Skeletal muscles
4
Q
Autonomic Neuronal SEt-up
A
2
5
Q
Autonomic activities
A
involuntary
6
Q
Autonomic Effector organ
A
cardiac
smooth muscles
sweat glands
Renal vascular smooth muscle
7
Q
SANS
A
Sympathetic
8
Q
PANS
A
Parasympathetic
9
Q
SANS other name
A
Adrenergic
10
Q
PANS other name
A
Cholinergic
11
Q
SANS origin
A
thoracolumbar
12
Q
SANS pre-ganglionic fiber
A
short
13
Q
SANS Post- ganglionic fiber
A
long
14
Q
SANS location of ganglia
A
near the spinal cord
15
Q
SANS neurotransmitter at ganglia
A
Acetylcholine
16
Q
SANS neorotransmitter at innervated organ
A
Cathecolamines
-Epinephrine
-norepinephrine
-dopamine
17
Q
SANS receptor at ganglia
A
Nicotinic Neural
18
Q
SANS Receptors at innervated organ
A
Adrenergic receptor
alpha receptor
beta receptor
dopamine
19
Q
PANS origin
A
craniosac
20
Q
PANS Pre-ganglionic fiber
A
long
21
Q
PANS post-ganglionic fiber
A
short
22
Q
PANS location
A
near effector organ
23
Q
PANS neurotransmitter at ganglia
A
Acetylcholine
24
Q
PANS neurotransmitter at innervated organ
A
Acetylcholine
25
PANS receptor at ganglia
Nicotinic neural
26
PANS receptors at innervated organ
Nicotinic Muscarine
27
Consists of a network of autonomic nerves located in the gut wall that regulates GI motility and secretion.
→ Innervated by SANS and PANS
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
28
SANS general response
“Fight, Flight, and Fright”
29
SANS response in Heart
Tachycardia
30
SANS response in Pupils
Mydriasis
31
SANS response in Bronchioles
Bronchodilation
32
SANS response in Gastrointestinal
Ileus
33
SANS response in Gastrointestinal Walls
Relax
34
SANS response in Gastrointestinal Spincter
Contract
35
SANS response in urinary bladder
Retention
36
SANS response in urinary bladder walls
Relax
37
SANS response in urinary bladder spinchter
Contract
38
PANS response in heart
Bradycardia
39
PANS response in Pupils
Miosis
40
PANS response in Brochioles
Bronchoconstriction
41
PANS response in Gastrointestinal
Defecation
42
PANS response in Gastrointestinal walls
Contract
43
PANS response in Gastrointestinal spinchter
Relax
44
PANS response in Urinary bladder
Urination
45
PANS response in Urinary bladder walls
Contract
46
PANS response in Urinary bladder spinchter
Relax
47
Asthma
treat by SANS
48
Hypertention
treated by PANS
49
Describes the transmission of impulse across the Interphase
SYNAPTIC NEUROTRANSMISSION
50
e area of connection between 2 neurons or a neuron and the effector organ.
Interphase
51
PANS general response
Rest and Digest
52
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CATECHOLAMINES
Location
Sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron
2. Adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)
3. Central Nervous System
53
Fate of Catecholamines:
Bind to receptors
2. Metabolized by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
3. Reuptake
54
→ responsible for the major loss of catecholamine
from the cleft.
→ goes back to the pre-synapse.
Reuptake
55
metabotropic receptors (secondary messenger release of cAMP, cGMP, IP3, and DAG).
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
56
present in post ganglionic neuron
Cathecolamines
57
decrease sympathethic activity of SANS
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
58
Stimulatory effect on Adenylyl Cyclase Increase cAMP
Gs
59
Inhibitory effect on Adenylyl Cyclase Decrease cAMP
Gi
60
Activation will synthesize DAG and IP3.
release Phospholipase C which Release of calcium from SR
Gq
61
True or false:
Gs stimulation leads to smooth muscle contraction.
False
62
True or false:
Gi stimulation leads to smooth muscle relaxation.
True
63
True or false:
Gs antagonism leads to smooth muscle contraction.
True
64
cGMP stimulates MLC phosphorylation.
False
65
cAMP inhibits MLC phosphorylation.
True
66
Gs stimulation leads to heart contraction.
True
67
Antagonism of β receptors leads to heart contraction.
False
68
Both β-receptors are Gs -linked receptors.
True
69
α1 Gq-linked response in Vascular smooth muscle
Vasoconstriction
70
α1 Gq-linked response in Urinary bladder
Retention
71
α1 Gq-linked response in Radial muscle of iris
mydriasis
72
α1 Gq-linked response in Pilomotor smooth muscle
Contraction
73
α2 Pre-synaptic: Gi-linked response in CNS
Inhibition of further release of
catecholamines.
74
α2 Post-synaptic: Gq-linked response in Peripheral blood vessels
Vasoconstriction
75
β1 Gs-linked response in Heart
(+) Inotropy
(+) Chronotropy
(+) Dromotropy
76
β1 Gs-linked response in Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Release of Renin
77
β2 Gs-linked response in Bronchioles
Bronchodilation
78
β2 Gs-linked response in Uterine muscles
Uterine relaxation
79
β2 Gs-linked response in Blood vessels
Vasodilation
80
β2 Gs-linked response in Neuromuscular endplates
Hypokalemia
81
β2 Gs-linked response in Liver
Glycogenolysis
82
β3 Gs-linked response in Adipose tissues
Lipolysis
83
D1 Gs-linked response in Renal Blood Vessels
Renal vasodilation
84
D2 Gi-linked response in GIT
CNS Modulation of motor activity
Perception and behavior.
Loss of peristalsis
85
D2 Gi-linked response in CNS
Modulation of motor activity Perception and behavior.
86
stimulates more than one (1) general type of adrenergic receptor.
vasopressors; used in the treatment of shock states.
Non-Selective Agonists
87
First-line cardiac stimulant
EPINEPHRINE Aka: Adrenaline
88
→ vasoconstrictor to reduce bleeding during
surgery.
→ added to local anesthetics to prolong its
action
Local vasoconstrictor (1:200 000)
89
→ counteracts the effects of histamine as a
physiological antagonist
Anaphylactic shock (1:1000 dose)
90
First-line in the management of septic shock
* Hypotension due to excessive doses of vasodilators
NOREPINEPHRINE
Aka: Noradrenaline, Levarterenol
91
Management of cardiogenic shock.
* Management of septic shock.
DOPAMINE
92
Does not contain a catechol moiety, hence, are not
substrates for COMT and MAO.
→ Effective after oral administration and relatively have
longer duration of action than catecholamines.
NON-CATECHOLAMINES
93
Selective Alpha-1 Agonists
PHENYLEPHRINE
OXYMETAZOLINE
PROPYLHEXEDRINE
TETRAHYDROZOLINE
NAFAZOLINE
MIDODRINE
94
Selective Alpha-1 Agonists
PHENYLEPHRINE
OXYMETAZOLINE
PROPYLHEXEDRINE
TETRAHYDROZOLINE
NAFAZOLINE
MIDODRINE
95
Selective Alpha-1 Agonists Indications
Nasal congestion
Local vasoconstrictor
96
Agents are clinically used to normalize blood pressure in
patients with hypertension.
→ Acts by reducing sympathetic tone in the CNS.
→ Most common side effect is sedation.
Selective Alpha-2 Agonists (CNS)
97
Selective Alpha-2 Agonists (CNS)
Clonidine (catapress) and methyldopa
98
FDA-approved agent in the management of
hypertension in pregnant women.
methyldopa - prodrug
99
Non-Selective Beta Agonist
Isoproterenol Aka: Isoprenaline
100
Isoproterenol indication
Alternative for shock states and acute heart
failure.
* Previously used to treat bronchial asthma.
101
Selective Beta-1 Agonist
DOBUTAMINE
102
First-line agent in the management of
cardiogenic shock (increases cardiac output and
stroke volume).
* Management of acute heart failure (as an
inotropic agent).
DOBUTAMINE
103
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
SALBUTAMOL
TERBUTALINE
104
Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
FORMOTEROL
SALMETEROL
INDACATEROL
PIRBUTEROL
105
Hypertensive Drugs for pregnant patient
LAbetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine
Methylopa
106
Selective Alpha-2 Agonists (CNS)
METHYLDOPA
GUANFACINE
GUANABENZ
MOXONIDINE
RILMENIDINE
107
Tocolytics
ISOXSUPRINE
TERBUTALINE
RITODRINE
108
used in labor before 37th week of
gestation
Tocolytics
109
Dopamine-1 Agonist
FENOLDOPAM Alternative in the management of hypertension.
110
Dopamine-2 Agonists
LEVODOPA
CABERGOLINE
BROMOCRIPTINE
111
Dopamine-2 Agonists indication
Parkinson Disease
Hyperprolactinemia
112
Acts by Increasing Release of Catecholamines
Catecholamines Reuptake Inhibition
SYMPATHOMIMETICS (Indirect-Acting)
113
treatment of asthma
exacerbations
SABA
114
treatment of asthma
PREVENTION
LABA
115
AMPHETAMINE
PHENTERMINE
PHENMETRAZINE
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
indication
Anorexia - eating disorder
116
METHYLPHENIDATE - Ritalin
ADHD
117
MODAFINIL
Narcolepsy
118
Tyramine
produced in high concentration in protein-rich
foods by decarboxylation of tyrosine during
fermentation (cheese, cured meats, pickled food)
119
inhibited by sartan
Angiotensin II
120
treat venom present in jelly fish, toads, spider
Alpha-latro toxin
121
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
REBOXETINE
ATOMOXETINE
122
inhibits dopamine reuptake in the pleasure centersof the brain.
COCAINE
123
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) indication
Depression
124
SYMPATHOMIMETICS (Mixed-Acting)
EPHEDRINE
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
125
SYMPATHOMIMETICS (Mixed-Acting) Indications:
Nasal congestion
Bronchial asthma
126
Any drug or substance that
acts to antagonize or inhibit
the effects of the sympathetic
system.
ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
