Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Where are pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

Answer 1

In the Intermediate Lateral Gray Horn

Question 2

At what levels do Greater splanchnic nerves arise from?

Answer 2

T5-T9

Question 3

Least splanchnic nerves arise from what level to supply the lower abdomen and genitals?

Answer 3

L1- L3

Question 4

Small splanchnic nerves arise from what level?

Answer 4

T10-T12

Question 5

Fill in the blanks . “ _______ sympathetic nerves supply the neck and thoracic region?

Answer 5

T2-T4

Question 6

Which sympathetic nerves pass up the inferior, middle & superior cervical ganglion to supply the head distributed with blood vessels?

Answer 6

T1

Question 7

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres that leave via the gray rami commincans are distributed to what areas?

Answer 7

*Eccrine sweat glands
*Piloerector muscles
*Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles

Question 8

Which nerve supplies the Coeliac ganglion?

Answer 8

Greater splanchnic nerves

Question 9

Which nerve supplies the Inferior mesenteric ganglion?

Answer 9

Least splanchnic nerve
“ least you’re inferior”

Question 10

Fill in the blanks.”The superior mesenteric ganglion is supplied by______.”

Answer 10

Small(Lesser) splanchnic nerve

Question 11

Where is the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase found?

Answer 11

Neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells

Question 12

What malignant growth can occur on Chromaffin cells?

Answer 12

Pheochromocytoma

Question 13

Fill in the blanks.”Preganglionic fibres by-passes all ganglia and via _________- synapses directly on neurosecretory (chromaffin) cells of the medulla.

Answer 13

Small splanchnic nerves

Question 14

Which tissues do not receive dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

Answer 14

Adrenal medulla,
Pilomotor muscles,
Radial muscles of the iris,
Blood vessels in skin & skeletal muscles

Ciliary muscles of the lens of eye
Penile blood vessels

Question 15

What is Synergism?

Answer 15

Simultaneous stimulation of both divisions results in an increased effect
(i.e. the combined effect is greater than the sum of each effect)

Question 16

What are examples of Synergism displayed in the body?

Answer 16

Salivation,
Secretion by exocrine glands of the gut,
Copulation

Question 17

Which of the brain controls your reflexes and vital automatic functions
known as the “Vital Centres”?

Answer 17

Brain Stem

Question 18

Which part of the Central Nervous system coordinates autonomic components of emotional experience and expression?

Answer 18

The Limbic System

Question 19

Which part of the brain has the highest level of control of the ANS?

Answer 19

Hypothalamus &Cerebral cortex

Question 20

Which part of the brain is the control centre for sympathetic preganglionic neurons ?

Answer 20

Ventrolateral Medulla

Question 21

True or False? The Midbrain participates in respiratory & cardiovascular control.

Answer 21

FALSE!!! Parabrachial nucleus (PONS) does this.

Question 22

Which part of the brain coordinates ANS response to painful stimuli?

Answer 22

Periaqueductal grey matter
(Midbrain)

Question 23

How does the Hypothalamus control the ANS?

Answer 23

It has control of Thermal & Nutritive economies, Neuroendocrine regulation, Behavioural activities relating to reproduction.

Question 24

Where is the Edinger- Westphal nucleus located?

Answer 24

The Midbrain

Question 25

True or False? The Nucleus Ambigious is found in the midbrain.

Answer 25

FALSE!! It is found in the medulla

Question 26

Which part of the brain receives afferents from cardiac, respiratory & GI receptors?

Answer 26

N. Tractus solitarius

Question 27

What organs are innervated by the celiac ganglion?

Answer 27

Foregut - Stomach, Liver,Pancreas , Spleen (T5-T9)

Question 28

What organs are innervated by the Superior Mesenteric ganglion?

Answer 28

Midgut- Small Intestine ,Colon (T10-T12)

Question 29

What organs are innervated by the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion?

Answer 29

Hindgut - Colon, Kidney,Bladder,Sex organs (L1- L3)

Question 30

What are SIF's?

Answer 30

Small Intensely Fluorescent Cells(SIF).-These are interneurons which stain fluorescent yellow. - Indicates that they contain catecholamines and release them when stimulated.

Question 31

Fill in the blanks. When SIF cells release ______ , they bind to _____ producing a _______.

Answer 31

When SIF cells release DOPAMINE, they bind to the D2 receptors producing a SLOW IPSP.

Question 32

True or False? A slow EPSP is generated by the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors in the SIF cell.

Answer 32

TRUE!

Question 33

What is the co-transmitters that are released when Acetylchoine binds to muscarinic receptors?

Answer 33

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide(VIP) Nitric oxide(NO)

Question 34

What is the function of VasoactiveIntestinalPeptide(VIP) ATP ?

Answer 34

Increases vasodilation in the area.

Question 35

Which co transmitters are released when Nor-Epineprine and Epinephrine binds to alpha and beta receptors?

Answer 35

Neuropeptide Y ATP

Question 36

Fill in the blanks. " Electrical stimulation of the 4th ventricle produces an increase in _____"

Answer 36

- Bloodpressure - Heartrate - Peripheral vasoconstriction - Secretion of epinephrine

Question 37

What is known as a major step in emptying the bladder?

Answer 37

Contraction of the detrusor muscle.

Question 38

What is the nerve supply to the bladder?

Answer 38

Pelvic nerves

Question 39

What part of the brain facilitates the micuration reflex?

Answer 39

Pons and posterior hypothalamus

Question 40

What part of the Brain Is known as the hunger centre?

Answer 40

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 41

Which part of the brain inhibits the hunger centre?

Answer 41

Ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus (Saiety centre)

Question 42

Where are barorecpetors located ?

Answer 42

Aortic arch Carotid sinus Systemic arteries

Question 43

Where are vasomotor centres located ?

Answer 43

In the lower 1/3 pons and reticular substance- medulla