Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system consists of ______

Answer 1

visceral neurons aka pre and post ganglionic neurons

Question 2

True or false: the effects of the ANS is only excitatory

Answer 2

false: it is both excitatory and inhibitory
only somatic is only excitatory

Question 3

Sympathetic Organization: pregangionic neurons originates here and the post ganglion neurons are innervated by

Answer 3

pre: CNS (T1 to L2)
post: sympathetic chain, collateral, adrenal

Question 4

Where are the majority of the sympathetic post ganglionic fibers?

Answer 4

sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 5

What are the target organs of the sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 5

head, heart, lungs

Question 6

Where are the collateral ganglia found

Answer 6

in the abdominal cavity

Question 7

What are the target organs of the collateral ganglia?

Answer 7

stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, kidney, colon

Question 8

Where is the sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 8

on both sides of the spinal cord

Question 9

“fight or flight” reinforced by

Answer 9

epinephrine

Question 10

preganglionic cell bodies originate from ______ in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

cranial nerves and sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 11

(parasympathetic) preganglionic axons pass to peripheral ganglia …

Answer 11

within or very close to target organs

Question 12

parasympathetic preganglionic cells are _____ than the post ganglionic

Answer 12

longer

Question 13

sympathetic preganglionic cells are ____ than post ganglionic

Answer 13

shorter

Question 14

True or false: the parasympathetic nervous system is organized for mass discharge

Answer 14

false; not connected enough

Question 15

Antagonistic effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 15

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervate the same cells; the actions counteract each other

Question 16

Complementary effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 16

sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produces similar effects

Question 17

Cooperative effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 17

sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produce different effects that work together to produce desired effect

Question 18

Organs without dual innervation

Answer 18

regulation achieved by increasing or decreasing firing rate of postganglionic neurons; ex.organs innervated solely by sympathetics: adrenal medulla

Question 19

in both divisions what neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron

Answer 19

ACh

Question 20

The cholinergic signals are terminated by…

Answer 20

enzymatic degradation by acetylcholinesterase; or diffusion

Question 21

Cholinergic refers to

Answer 21

ACh

Question 22

The sympathetic post ganglionic neurons release

Answer 22

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 23

The parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons release

Answer 23

ACh

Question 24

Adrenergic signals are terminated by…

Answer 24

active transport, diffusion, enzymatic degradation (MAO- monoamine oxidase)

Question 25

nicotinic receptors are found

Answer 25

on the post ganglionic cells

Question 26

nicotinic agonists and antagonists

Answer 26

agonists: acetylcholine, nicotine anatagonist: TEA, curare

Question 27

What type of receptors are found on the target organs of the parasympathetic system

Answer 27

muscarinic

Question 28

What are the agonists and antagonists of the muscarinic receptors

Answer 28

agonists: acetylcholine, muscarine antagonist: atropine

Question 29

receptors found on target organs (sympathetic)

Answer 29

adreneric receptors

Question 30

What do Gq coupled receptors do?

Answer 30

makes IP3 (SR Ca2+ channel)-> calcium rise-> causes contraction of smooth muscle (phosphorylation of the MLCK)

Question 31

What do Gi coupled receptors do?

Answer 31

decreases cAMP -> contraction

Question 32

What do Gs coupled receptors do?

Answer 32

increase cAMP levels -> no contraction

Question 33

What does cAMP do

Answer 33

it inhibits contraction

Question 34

What are the effects of alpha 1 receptors

Answer 34

Gq= smooth muscle constriction

Question 35

What are the effects of alpha 2 receptors

Answer 35

Gi= smooth muscle contraction; secretion inhibition

Question 36

What are the effects of the beta adrenergic receptors?

Answer 36

Gs= relaxation

Question 37

What are the effects of the B1 receptors

Answer 37

increased heart rate and contractility

Question 38

What are the effects of the B2 receptors

Answer 38

smooth muscle relaxation

Question 39

What are the effects of the B3 receptors

Answer 39

enhance lipolysis (improving energy supply)

Question 40

norepinephrine stimulates

Answer 40

alpha1, alpha 2, and beta 1

Question 41

epinephrine stimulates

Answer 41

all alpha and beta receptors

Question 42

decreased GI activity is from

Answer 42

alpha 2 receptors

Question 43

Sweating is different than the other sympathetic responses because

Answer 43

it uses muscarinic receptor (still sympathetic but it uses cholinergic signaling)

Question 44

beta 2 receptors cause vasodilation where

Answer 44

heart, lungs, muscles- places you need blood during a fight or flight response

Question 45

Would a MOA inhibitor cause a parasympathetic or a sympathetic response

Answer 45

sympathetic

Question 46

Where are the autonomic control centers

Answer 46

in the spinal cord, brain stem, hypothalamus

Question 47

Hypothalamus

Answer 47

water balance, temp reg, hunger

Question 48

Pons

Answer 48

secondary respiratory center, cardiovascular center

Question 49

Medulla

Answer 49

respiratory center, cardiovascular center

Question 50

What are sympathetic reflexes

Answer 50

cardioacceleratory, vasomotor reflex

Question 51

What are parasympathetic reflexes

Answer 51

swallowing reflex, gastric and intestinal reflex, coughing reflex

Question 52

If TEA or curare was given to a patient would it affect their pre or post ganglionic neurons

Answer 52

it would affect their pre ganglionic neurons (would affect nicotinic receptors)