Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

ANS is mainly activated by centers located where?

Answer 1

Spinal cord
Brain stem
Hypothalamus

Question 2

The SNS chain ganglia is located on what part of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

T1-L2

Question 3

What is an example of visceral reflexes

Answer 3

Stomach extending because there is a presence of food

Question 4

For SNS, there are two pre-vertebral ganglia, what are they?

Answer 4

Celiac (stomach to anus)
Hypogastric (bladder)

Question 5

Can the SNS chain ganglia travel up and down the margins of T1-L2?

Answer 5

Yes a little bit

Question 6

SNS has _______ pre-ganglionic fiber
&
________ post-ganglionic fiber

(size)

Answer 6

short pre-ganglionic

long post-ganglionic

Question 7

PNS has ______ pre-ganglionic fiber
&
___________ post-ganglionic fiber

(size)

Answer 7

long pre-ganglionic

short post-ganglionic

Question 8

Is the white ramus myelinated?

Answer 8

Yes, very much so!

Question 9

Is the gray ramus myelinated?

Answer 9

Nope! Minimal, if any

Question 10

Describe route of SNS preganglionic neurons

Answer 10

Lateral horn
to
Anterior root
to
Spinal nerve
to
Exits via white ramus
Goes to SNS chain
-can synapse at same level
-can go up/down
-can travel directly

Question 11

Which 4 cranial nerves are PNS

Answer 11

3- Oculomotor
7- Facial
9- Glossopharyngeal
10-Vagus

Question 12

Vagus (CN10) makes up what percentage of all nerve fibers?

Answer 12

75%

Question 13

Origin of PNS nerve fibers at what spinal cord level

Answer 13

S2-S3

Question 14

What makes PNS nerves unique?

Answer 14

The preganglionic and postganglionic go STRAIGHT TO THEIR ORGAN

Question 15

Where do the PNS postganglionic and parasympathetic neurons live?

Answer 15

Inside the walls of organs

Question 16

Cholinergic aka

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Adrenergic aka

Answer 17

Norepinephrine

Question 18

In the SNS, ALL preganglionic are:

A) cholinergic
B) adrenergic

Answer 18

A) cholinergic

Question 19

In the SNS, most postganglionic SNS neurons are:

A) cholingergic
B) adrenergic

Answer 19

B) adrenergic

Question 20

The exception for post ganglionic SNS neurons being cholinergic are for what?

Answer 20

Sweat glands
Piloerector muscles of hairs
Few blood vessels

Question 21

ALL preganglionic PNS are:

A) cholinergic
B) adrenergic

Answer 21

A) cholinergic

Question 22

ALL postganglionic PNS are:

A) cholinergic
B) adrenergic

Answer 22

A) cholinergic

Question 23

If someone has a cold and we want to dry them out, what would we use?

A) cholinergic
B) anti-cholinergic

Answer 23

B) anti-cholinergic

Question 24

A lot of what the Parasympathetic systems works with is managing ___________

Answer 24

Mucous secretions

Question 25

Adrenergic receptors examples (4)

Answer 25

Alpha- 1 & 2
Beta- 1 & 2

Norepinephrine from nerve fiber

Norepinephrine and epinephrine from adrenal gland

Question 26

The effects of adrenergic receptors depends on what?

Answer 26

the receptors in the organs

Question 27

If there is ALL beta receptors, which would be the most effective excitant?

Answer 27

Epinephrine

Question 28

What 2 types of receptors does Acetylcholine activate?

Answer 28

Muscarinic

Nicotonic

Question 29

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

Answer 29

All effector cells that are stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons of either SNS or PNS

(intestines, bladder, heart, lungs)

Question 30

Where are nicotonic receptors found?

Answer 30

Autonomic ganglia at synapse between pre and post ganglionic of SNS and PNS

Question 31

What does SNS adrenergic Alpha 1 receptor do?

Answer 31

causes vasoconstriction

Question 32

What does SNS adrenergic Alpha 2 receptor do?

Answer 32

Analgesic effect in spinal cord

Regulates sympathetic input from CNS and PNS

Question 33

What does SNS adrenergic Beta 1 receptor do?

Answer 33

Cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 34

What does SNS adrenergic Beta 2 receptor do?

Answer 34

dilate airways in lungs

Question 35

Dry mouth due to fear of public speaking would be caused by:

SNS
or
PNS

Answer 35

SNS

Question 36

PNS Cholinoreceptor Nicotinic would be found where?

Answer 36

Ganglions
Skeletal muscle

Question 37

PNS Cholinoreceptor Muscarinic would be found where?

Answer 37

DUMBBELS

Defacation
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation

(THINK OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES)

Question 38

Think:

Beta 1= 1 heart
Beta 2= 2 lungs

Question 39

What are the hallmark sings of neurogenic shock?

Answer 39

Hypotension
Bradycardia