Autonomic Nervous System (2)

Question 1

Central Nervous System information

Answer 1

• brain and spinal cord

- integrative function

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System information

Answer 2

• nerves leading to/from CNS
• pathway of signal input/output
• connects CNS to: sense organs, muscles, and glands
• two divisions

Question 3

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 3

1. Afferent (sensory) - somatic and visceral divisions

2. Efferent (motor) - somatic and autonomic division

Question 4

Spinal Cord info

Answer 4

• cylinder of nervous tissue
• enclosed in vertebral canal
• foramen magnum to first lumbar vertebra

Question 5

What are the regions of the spinal cord and why are are they named what they are?

Answer 5

• cervical
• thoracic
• columnar
• sacral

(named for where the spinal nerves emerge

Question 6

Posterior (dorsal) horns definition

Answer 6

receiving points for sensory information

Question 7

Lateral Horns Definition

Answer 7

location of somas of somatic motor neurons exiting gray matter

Question 8

Somatic Nervous System definition

Answer 8

voluntary control of movements

controls skeletal muscle and includes somatic reflexes

Question 9

Autonomic Nervous System definition

Answer 9

involuntary control system

controls visceral functions and visceral reflexes

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous system is self-governed and includes….

Answer 10

glands, cardiac and smooth muscle, cutaneous blood vessels, sweat glands, and pilorector muscles

Question 11

Visceral Motor Division information

Answer 11

• not somatic
• generally involuntary
• not necessary to function (modify based on need)

Question 12

Visceral Reflexes are needed to ____

Answer 12

survive

Question 13

Visceral reflexes include basal functions. What are basal functions?

Answer 13

unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses

Question 14

Unconscious processes are used to bring things back to _____

Answer 14

homeostasis

Question 15

What are the steps to the visceral reflex of when you have high blood pressure?

Answer 15

1. Receptor: stretch receptors
2. Afferent (Sensory): cranial nerve to the medulla oblongata
3. Integration: information integrated with other information (sensory) fibers
4. Efferent (Motor): carry response (vagus nerve) to effector
5. Effector: heart told to slow down which leads to blood pressure being reduced

(restores blood pressure to normal)

Question 16

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

Answer 16

1. Sympathetic Division

2. Parasympathetic Division

Question 17

What does the sympathetic division do?

Answer 17

“fight or flight”

adapts for physical activity

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic division do?

Answer 18

“rest and digest”

controls normal body maintenance

Question 19

_____ effects on some targets; ____ effects on others

Answer 19

excitatory

inhibitory

Question 20

Autonomic Tone definition

Answer 20

balance shifts with changing needs of body

Question 21

CNS Components:

Answer 21

• control centers: hypothalamus and brain stem

- motor neurons: spinal cord

Question 22

PNS Components:

Answer 22

nerve fibers: cranial/spinal

Question 23

What is a ganglion?

Answer 23

Swelling, usually near end of nerve

Question 24

What does a ganglion contain?

Answer 24

contains cell bodies of peripheral neurons

Question 25

In some ganglions: neurons form synaptic connections and act as ____ ____ in the PNS

Answer 25

information processing

Question 26

Somatic Pathway Definition

Answer 26

axon of motor neuron in brainstem/spinal cord reaches directly to skeletal muscle (myelinated axon)

Question 27

Autonomic Pathway Definition

Answer 27

signal must travel across two pathways: 1. Preganglionic neuron 2. Postganglionic Neuron

Question 28

All (efferent) sympathetic ____ fibers from the thoracic and first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord (_____ region [division])

Answer 28

preganglionic | thorocolumbar

Question 29

Which fibers in the sympathetic division are short?

Answer 29

preganglionic fibers

Question 30

Which fibers in the sympathetic division are long?

Answer 30

postganglionic fibers

Question 31

Paravertebral Ganglion definition

Answer 31

connected to spinal nerves via two branches: communicating rami

Question 32

Preganglionic Fibers information

Answer 32

- myelinated | - enter ganglia through white communicating rami

Question 33

Postganglionic Fibers information

Answer 33

- unmyelinated | - leave ganglia via gray communicating rami

Question 34

What are the three steps once preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic chain?

Answer 34

1. end in ganglion: synapse with postganglionic neuron 2. travel up and down: synapse with postganglionic neurons at different levels 3. Pass through chain without synapsing (splanchnic nerves)

Question 35

What are the three ways postganglionic fibers leave the sympathetic chain?

Answer 35

1. Spinal Nerves 2. Sympathetic Nerve Route 3. Splanchnic Nerve Route

Question 36

Origin of CNS in sympathetic

Answer 36

thoracolumbar

Question 37

Origin of CNS in parasympathetic

Answer 37

craniosacral

Question 38

location of ganglia in sympathetic

Answer 38

paravertebral ganglia adjacent to spinal column and prevertebral ganglia

Question 39

location of ganglia in parasympathetic

Answer 39

terminal ganglia near or within target organs

Question 40

fiber lengths in sympathetic

Answer 40

short preganglionic | long postganglionic

Question 41

fiber lengths in parasympathetic

Answer 41

long preganglionic | short postganglionic

Question 42

Neuronal divergence in sympathetic

Answer 42

extensive

Question 43

neural divergence in parasympathetic

Answer 43

minimal

Question 44

effects of system in sympathetic

Answer 44

often widespread and general

Question 45

effects of system in parasympathetic

Answer 45

more local and specific