Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?
Cortex (outer) and Medulla (inner)
Which division of the ANS has general and widespread affects?
Sympathetic
Which division of the ANS has specific and local affects?
Parasympathetic
What are the two divisions of the ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to effector?
Somatic
An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers is said to have what?
Dual innervation
In the sympathetic division of the ANS, which nerve fibers are long?
postganglionic
In the sympathetic division of the ANS, which nerve fibers are short?
preganglionic
Parasympathetic nerve fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves?
glossopharyngeal, oculomotor, facial, vagus
Which neurons secrete ACh?
most preganglionic sympathetic neurons, most post and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
What are some autonomic reflexes regulated by the spinal cord?
Ejaculation, erection, defecation, miticurition
The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system arise from which regions of the spinal cord?
Thoracic and lumbar, also called thoracolumbar division
The efferent pathway of which nervous system transmits both excitatory and inhibitory signals to its effector cells?
autonomic
What is the major control center of the visceral motor system
hypothalamus
Describe the sympathetic chain ganglia
a longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column
What is the term for the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in partial and constant tension
vasomotor tone
What are some functions of the enteric nervous system?
regulate motility through the digestive track and regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes
Describe the gray communicating ramus
Unmyelinated, postganglionic, sympathetic
Which structures are innervated by the parasympathetic fibers that arise from S2-S4
Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
Describe the white communicating ramus
Myelinated, preganglionic, sympathetic
Which division of the ANS develops from the same embryonic tissue as the medulla of the adrenal gland?
sympathetic
A low rate of sympathetic nerve firing to the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels causes what?
vasodilation
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
norepinephrine
The efferent pathway of which nervous system uses both ACh and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters?
autonomic
