autonomic nervous system

Question 1

nervous system _______ the body activitiy to maintain _________ when there is a _______ to the _______ __________.

Answer 1

coordinates, homeostasis, change, environmental conditions

Question 2

to able to mantain homeostasis, the nervous system must

Answer 2

1. recognize the changes in the in internal and external environment
2. process and integrate the perceived environmental changes
3. react to the environmental changes by producing a response

Question 3

nervous system has two major divisions which are

Answer 3

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 4

the CNS consists of

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

function of a brain

Answer 5

receives and process sensory information, initiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

Question 6

function of a spinal cord

Answer 6

conducts signals to and from the brain, control reflex activities

Question 7

PNS consists of

Answer 7

all nervous tissues outside the CNS such as sensory and motor neurons which we can afferent and efferent pathways.

Question 8

sotamic nervous system controls

Answer 8

voluntary movements

Question 9

autonomic nervous system controls

Answer 9

involuntary nervous responses

Question 10

pathway of motor neurons

Answer 10

CNS to muscles and glands

Question 11

pathway of sensory neurons

Answer 11

sensory organs to CNS

Question 12

sympathetic division is also known as

Answer 12

fight or flight

Question 13

parasympathetic division is also known as

Answer 13

rest or digest

Question 14

autonomic nervous system controls

Answer 14

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, exocrine glands and some endocrine glands

Question 15

what is a synaptic gap/ synapse

Answer 15

a gap between communicating neurons which are presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

Question 16

what are the two type of synapses

Answer 16

1) adrenergic

2) cholinergic

Question 17

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 17

chemical for neurons to communicate

Question 18

examples of neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Acetylcholine

Question 19

what are receptor

Answer 19

a molecular structure or site on the surface of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs or neurotransmitters

Question 20

what are the functions of autonomic nervous system ?

Answer 20

• controls involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscles

Question 21

Autonomic system consist of 2 divisions which are

Answer 21

1) sympathetic nervous system

2) parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

sympathetic nervous system is activated in conditions of __________ and produces ____________

Answer 22

stress, fight or flight response

Question 23

parasympathetic nervous system activated in ______________ circumstances and produces a ______________ state.

Answer 23

non-stressful circumstances , rest-and-digest state

Question 24

what is the synapse & receptor of sympathetic division called?

Answer 24

adrenergic synapse , adregenic receptors

Question 25

what is the synapse & receptor of parasympathetic division called?

Answer 25

cholinergic synapse & cholinergic receptors

Question 26

sympathetic neurotransmitter involves are

Answer 26

1) norepinephrine (noradrenaline) / NE | 2) Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 27

neurotransmitters involved in parasympathetic division

Answer 27

acetylcholine, ACH

Question 28

receptors involved in sympathetic division

Answer 28

adrenergic receptors which are divided into : - alpha-1 receptors - alpha-2 receptors - beta-1 receptors - beta-2 receptors

Question 29

receptors involved in parasympathetic division

Answer 29

- nicotinic receptors | - muscarinic receptors

Question 30

examples of changes in body during sympathetic

Answer 30

- hear rate increases - bronchial tubes dilate - pupil dilate - saliva production reduced - glycogen is converted to glucose - inhibit activity in stomach

Question 31

examples of changes in the body during parasympathetic

Answer 31

- pupils constrict - heart rate down - digestion takes place - increase urine - saliva increase - stimulate activity in stomach

Question 32

ANS drugs produce their primary therapeutic effects by working like a neurotransmitter either ______ the natural chemical function or _________/ ________ the natural chemical function

Answer 32

mimic, block

Question 33

ANS drugs bind to the __________ site on the __________ neuron

Answer 33

receptor site, post-synaptic neuron

Question 34

ANS drugs bind to the receptor site on the post-synaptic neuron to

Answer 34

1. stimulate the action of the autonomic nerves (agonist) | 2. block the action of autonomic nerves (agonist)

Question 35

What adrenergic agonist / sympathomimetics dugs does?

Answer 35

- stimulate the action of the sympathetic nervous system . - drugs that partially or completely mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system - this group of medication induce the fight or flight response by stimulating both alpha beta adrenergic receptors

Question 36

what adrenergic antagonist/ sympatholytics drugs does?

Answer 36

- inhibit the action of the sympathetic nervous system - drugs that block the effects of sympathetic nervous system - result in inhibition of sympathetic nervous system and the effects may be similar to parasympathomimetics

Question 37

what cholinergic agonist/ parasympathomimetics drugs does?

Answer 37

- stimulate the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system - symptoms produced mimic the rest or digest response

Question 38

what cholinergic antagonist/ anticholinergic/ parasympatholytics drugs does?

Answer 38

- inhibit the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system - the drugs blocks the effect of parasympathetic nervous system - result in inhibition of parasympathetic nervous system and the effects may be similar to sympathomimetics

Question 39

drugs that produced the symptoms of rest-or-digest response

Answer 39

cholinergic agonist/ parasympathomimetics

Question 40

drugs that blocks the effect of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 40

cholinergic antagonist, anticholinergic , parasympatholytics

Question 41

effect of neurotransmitters on the sympathetic nervous system- on heart and kidney

Answer 41

stimulation of beta-1 receptors increases heart rate and force of contraction. hence it can be used for treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

Question 42

effect of neurotransmitters on the sympathetic nervous system ( on blood vessels, lungs and uterus )

Answer 42

stimulation of beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation and uterus relaxation . Hence it can be used for treatment of asthma and premature labour contractions

Question 43

effect of neurotransmitter on the sympathetic nervous system - postsynaptic memebrane of effector organs EXCEPT HEART

Answer 43

``` Activation of vascular smooth muscle receptors causes vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in blood pressure, hence it can be used for hypotensive and anaphylactic shock. ∙ α1 & α2 activation: Mydriasis (dilation of pupils) ```

Question 44

effect of neurotransmitter on the sympathetic nervous system - presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal

Answer 44

activation of alpha-2 receptors at the presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal inhibits release of norepinephrine and causes vasodilation . Hence it can be used for hypertensio.

Question 45

actions brought about alpha1

Answer 45

Stimulates α1 adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction (vasopressor) and increased systemic blood pressure.

Question 46

actions brought about beta 1

Answer 46

Stimulates β1 adrenergic receptors of heart, resulting in increased heart rate (chronotropic) and myocardia contractibility (inotropic).

Question 47

actions brought about beta 1

Answer 47

Stimulates β2 adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle and bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation and bronchodilation