Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Flashcards
(20 cards)
AUTONOMIC DRUGS
- Autonomic drugs have been defined as those that exhibit pharmacological effects that mimic the activation, intensification, or inhibition of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system.
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECT OF ANS DRUGS
- When autonomic medications are administered, the aim is to treat target organ diseases via autonomic nerves rather than treat an autonomic disorder.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
D - Diarrhea
U - Urination
M – Miosis and Muscle Weakness
B - Bronchorrhea
B - Bradycardia
E - Emesis
L - Lacrimation
S – Salivation/ Sweating
ADVERSE EFFECTS
A – Agitation
B – Blurred vision
C- Constipation, Confusion
D –Dry mouth
S – Stasis of urine and Sweating
ADRENERGIC AGONIST
- Also known as Sympathomimetics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) where it stimulates the SNS and they mimic the effect of Norepinephrine(NE).
CATEGORY BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
- Catecholamines- it has catechol rings and amines, it is also usually given parenterally.
- Noncatecholamines- it has no catechol ring, and most noncatecholamines are effective orally.
EPINEPHRINE
- Adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla & a neuroeffector transmitter of adrenergic drugs. Its Pharmacologic Class is Adrenergic, Therapeutic Class is Vasopressor(constricts blood vessels). Its receptors are A1, A2, B1, & B2.
ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST
- Also known as Sympatholytics, only works on the Sympathetic Nervous System(SNS), where it inhibits the SNS and blocks the effects of SNS.
ALPHA 1
- It is a receptor that is used for Hypotension, Nasal Congestion, and Dilation of Pupils
ALPHA 2
- It is a receptor that is used for Hypertension
BETA 1
- It is a receptor that is used for Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrest, and Shock
BETA 2
- It is a receptor that is used for Asthma, and Premature labor of contraction
ALPHA BLOCKERS
Causes:
- Relaxation of smooth muscles
- Vasodilation: hypertension and PVDs
- Reduces contraction of smooth muscle in bladder and prostate
Includes:
- Terazosin
- Doxazosin
- Prazosin
BETA BLOCKERS
- Decrease heart rate
- Decreases blood pressure
- Useful for treating mild to moderate hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction
Includes:- Atenolol
- Propranolol
- Pindolol
- Timolol
- Metoprolol
CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
- Also known as Parasympathomimetic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it stimulates the PNS and they mimic the effect of Acetylcholine.
CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
- Also known as Parasympatholytic, only works on the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) where it inhibits the PNS and they block the effect of SNS to have the PNS effect.
CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS
- Muscarinic- has 5 receptors, stimulates smooth muscle, and slows HR
M1 (GU) and M3 (lungs, glands) –may increase calcium activity
M2 (heart) – may increase potassium and decrease heart rate - Nicotinic- has 2 receptors, affects skeletal muscles
- Nm – muscle contraction
- Nn – transmission of cholinergic signals
ACETYLCHOLINE
- is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, has a non-specific cholinergic effect, decreases CO, HR, and BP, increases the GI activity
CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
- It is caused by an overdose of cholinergic agonists
S/Sx: - Extreme muscle weakness
- Paralysis of muscles for respiration Bradycardia constricted pupils, skin flushing, increase secretions
GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS
- Nicotine
- Stimulate and block cholinergic function
- Increases the production of neurotransmitters
- Increases and BP, HR but may also decrease BP – non-selective effect
- CNS Stimulation – causes addiction
- Not useful in clinical practice
