Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

What are parts of the central NS?

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 2

What are parts of the peripheral NS?

Answer 2

Autonomic and somatic NS

Question 3

What are parts of the autonomic NS?

Answer 3

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

Question 4

What system requires only one neuron to influence the target organ?

Answer 4

Somatic NS

Question 5

What is the role of the autonomic NS?

Answer 5

To maintain homeostasis

Question 6

What two neurons are needed to reach a target organ is most instances?

Answer 6

Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Question 7

What does catabolic mean?

Answer 7

Burning energy

Question 8

Which system is catabolic?

Answer 8

Sympathetic NS

Question 9

What system is fight or flight?

Answer 9

sympathetic NS

Question 10

What system is anabolic?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic NS

Question 11

What does anabolic mean?

Answer 11

Conserving energy

Question 12

What does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 12

80% epinephrine (adrenaline) and 20% norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 13

What neurons MOSTLY release norepinephrine?

Answer 13

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 14

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release what?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 15

Breaks down acetylcholine

Question 16

What are the catecholamines?

Answer 16

dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 17

What is COMT

Answer 17

The enzyme that metabolizes endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 18

What is MAOI?

Answer 18

enzyme that degrades epinephrine and NE

Question 19

What is the monamine synthesis?

Answer 19

Tyrosine – dopa – dopamine – norepinephrine – epinephrine

Question 20

What are the receptors for acetylcholine?

Answer 20

Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Question 21

Where are muscarinic receptors?

Answer 21

GI tract, myocardium, blood vessels, exocrine glands, cerebral vasculature

Question 22

Where are nicotinic receptors?

Answer 22

Skeletal muscle and adrenal medulla

Question 23

What are the receptors for norepinephrine

Answer 23

alpha and beta receptors

Question 24

Where are the alpha 1 receptors?

Answer 24

smooth muscle

Question 25

Where are the alpha 2 receptors?

Answer 25

lipocytes, platelets, smooth muscle

Question 26

Where are beta 1 receptors?

Answer 26

The heart

Question 27

Where are beta 2 receptors?

Answer 27

lungs, skeletal vasculature

Question 28

Where are beta 3 receptors?

Answer 28

adipose tissue

Question 29

What are the receptors for dopamine?

Answer 29

D1, D2, D3, & D4

Question 30

Where are the dopamine receptors? All 4 of them

Answer 30

D1--brain and renal vascular bed D2--brain and smooth muscle D3--brain D4--brain, cardiovascular system

Question 31

What is another name for cholinergic agonists?

Answer 31

cholinomimetics

Question 32

What are the effects of cholinergic agonists on the body?

Answer 32

Defecation Urination Meiosis/muscle weakness Bradycardia Bronchospasm Emesis Lacrimation Salivation

Question 33

What are examples of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 33

Bethanechol Pilocarpine Nicotine

Question 34

What are the cholinergic agonist drugs used for?

Answer 34

Bethanechol--urinary retention pilocarpine--angle-closure glaucoma, sjogrens syndrome nicotine--nocotine replacement therapy (quit smoking)

Question 35

what is the mechanism of action of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 35

they mimic acetylcholine in the body and act on muscarinic receptors

Question 36

What are the contraindications of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 36

asthma, bradycardia/hypotension, epilepsy, parkinsons, stroke

Question 37

What are examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 37

donepezil galantamine rivastigmine malathion

Question 38

what are the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs used for?

Answer 38

donepezil--alzheimers galantamine--alzheimers rivastigmine--alzheimers malathion--topical tx for lice

Question 39

what is the mechanism of action for acetylchollinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 39

inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine---so more acetylcholine is left around to exert effects.

Question 40

what are side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 40

dumbbels

Question 41

What are side effects of cholinergic antagonists?

Answer 41

anticholinergic effects-- cant pee cant see cant spit cant shit

Question 42

What are examples of antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 42

Ipratropium Tiotropium umeclidinium scopolamine dicyclomine oxybutinin solifenacin tolterodine

Question 43

what are antimuscarinic drugs used for?

Answer 43

Ipratropium--COPD Tiotropium--COPD, asthma umeclidinium--COPD scopolamine--motion sickness dicyclomine--IBS oxybutinin--overactive bladder solifenacin--overactive bladder tolderodine--overactive bladder tolterodine

Question 44

What is the mechanism of action for antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 44

Compete with ACh for binding to the muscarinic receptor

Question 45

What are examples of neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 45

succinylcholine cisatracurium pancuronium rocuronium vecuronium

Question 46

What are neuromuscular blockers used for ?

Answer 46

RSI and muscle paralysis

Question 47

What are the contraindications of neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 47

ANYONE WHO ISNT INTUBATED OR ACTIVELY INTUBATED

Question 48

What is an example of alpha-1 agonist and what is it used for?

Answer 48

phenylephrine--nasal congestion

Question 49

what is an example of alpha-2 agonist and what is it used for?

Answer 49

clonidine--hypertension, opioid withrdrawal

Question 50

what is an example of beta-1 agonist and what is it used for?

Answer 50

dobutamine--decreased cardiac output, heart failure, septic shock

Question 51

What are the two types of beta-2 agonists?

Answer 51

SABAs (short acting) and LABAs (long acting)

Question 52

what are examples of SABAs--beta 2 agonist and what are they used for ?

Answer 52

albuterol and levalbuterol--asthma

Question 53

what are examples of LABAs--beta 2 agonist and what are they used for?

Answer 53

salmeterol, vilanterol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol--COPD

Question 54

what are examples of mixed adernergic agonist?

Answer 54

epinephrine--mixed a1 a2 b1 and b2 norepinephrine--mixed a1 a2 and b1 isoproterenol--mixed b1 and b2

Question 55

what are the types of adrenergic antagonists?

Answer 55

alpha-1 blockers and beta blockers