Autonomic Nervous System I

Question 1

alpha motor neurons

Answer 1

connect CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 2

The somatic and autonomic nervous system are part of what

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 3

voluntary

Question 4

What type of response do you get from the somatic nervous system

Answer 4

always excitatory

Question 5

Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Answer 5

thoraco-lumbar spine (think the sympathetic chain)

Question 6

Where do sympathetic fibers exit?

Answer 6

ventral roots

Question 7

Where do sympathetic fivers enter?

Answer 7

whtie rami communicantes

Question 8

What are the 3 modes of innervation in the sympathetic division?

Answer 8

1. Preganglion neuron to paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia
2. Preganglionic neuron to specialized ganglia or target organs
3. Preganglionic neurons to organ (adrenal medulla)

Question 9

What cranial nerves does the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers run through?

Answer 9

oculomotor
facial
flossopharygeal
vagus

Question 10

Where are parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 10

close to targets

Question 11

Where is the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic fibers

Answer 11

bladder
descending colon
rectum
genitals

Question 12

What is the enteric system

Answer 12

a system of ganglia sandwiched between layers of the gut and connected by a dense meshwork of nerve fibers

Question 13

Function of myenteric plexus

Answer 13

motility

Question 14

Function of submucosal plexus

Answer 14

ion and fluid transport

Question 15

What does the enteric system receive input from?

Answer 15

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 16

What does dual innervation refer to?

Answer 16

most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
these fibers are opposing/coordinating (not antagonistic)

Question 17

Which parts of the body only receive sympathetic innervation

Answer 17

hair follicles
thermoregulatory sweat gland
liver
adrenal glands
kidney

Question 18

How is Choline taken up into the neuron terminal

Answer 18

using choline transport (CHT)

Question 19

What can CHT be blocked by?

Answer 19

hemicholiniums

Question 20

How is acetylcholine synthesized

Answer 20

from choline and acetyl CoA using the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

Question 21

How does SCh get transported into the storage vesicle

Answer 21

by vesicle-associated tranporter (VAT)

Question 22

What can VAT be inhibited by

Answer 22

vesamicol

Question 23

What else is stored in the ACh vesicle

Answer 23

peptides
ATP
proteoglycan

Question 24

Where are vesicles located

Answer 24

a. Inner surface of the nerve terminal facing the synapse through the interation of VAMPs and SNAPs

Question 25

How does the vesicle get released

Answer 25

1. Ca++-Calmodulin interacts with CAMP synaptotagmin on the vesicle membrane 2. Triggers fusion of the besicle membrane with the terminal membrane 3. Opens pore into synapse 4. This causes exocytotic expulsion of Ach into the synaptic cleft

Question 26

How does ACh get terminated?

Answer 26

the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

Question 27

What does AchE do

Answer 27

split ACh into choline and acetate

Question 28

What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 28

muscarinic | nicotinic

Question 29

muscarinic cholinergeric receptor

Answer 29

G-coupled protein

Question 30

nicotinic cholinergeric receptor

Answer 30

transmembrane ion channel

Question 31

When is the nicotrinic cholinergic receptor closed

Answer 31

when no ACh is bound

Question 32

When is the nicotinic cholinergic receptor open

Answer 32

ACh bound to each of the two subunits

Question 33

adernall medulla can be considered what

Answer 33

a large sympathetic ganglion

Question 34

sympathetic fibers

Answer 34

short preganglion, long postganglionic

Question 35

parasympathetic fibers

Answer 35

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

Question 36

neuron of preganglionic axon starts where

Answer 36

intermediolateral cell column

Question 37

what is unique about the adrenal medulla

Answer 37

goes straight into bloodstream without post-ganglionic fibers

Question 38

what is unique about enteric nervous system

Answer 38

can function normally without extrinsic input

Question 39

what is unique about the innervation of salivary glands

Answer 39

stimulation of SNS and PNS both cause increase in production of saliva, but via different mechanisms

Question 40

Parasympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle gland cells, nerve terminals

Answer 40

medulla to ACh acting on neuron, Neuron causes release of ACh to muscle

Question 41

sympathetic innervation of sweat glands

Answer 41

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases ACh on muscle

Question 42

sympathetic innervation of cardiac, smooth muscle gland cells and nerve terminals

Answer 42

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases NE to muscle

Question 43

sympathetic innervation of renal vascular smooth muscle

Answer 43

spinal cord to ACh on sympathetic chain, neuron on sympathetic chain releases dopamine on muscle

Question 44

somatic innervation of skeletal muscle

Answer 44

Ach from spinal cord to muscle

Question 45

neurotransmitters of adrenal medulla

Answer 45

epinephrine and NE

Question 46

what is the most common M receptor

Answer 46

subtype 3

Question 47

narrow angle of cilary body causes what

Answer 47

reduce drainage

Question 48

increased angle of ciliary boy causes what

Answer 48

better drainage

Question 49

activation of M3 receptors in the eye causes what

Answer 49

narrows iris | reduces intraocular pressure

Question 50

normally, what receptor controls the sphincter muscle in the eye

Answer 50

M2