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Pharmacology 2: Section 1 > Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

Contraction of the raDial muscle will produce what effect on the eyes?

A

Dilation (mydriasis)
(raDial = Dilation)

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4
Q

Contraction of the Circular muscle will produce what effect on the eyes?

A

Constriction (miosis)
(Circular = Constriction)

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5
Q

Vascular smooth muscle is innervated by which nervous system?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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6
Q

What receptors are found in vascular smooth muscle?

A

Alpha-1
Beta-2

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7
Q

Name the catecholamines of the Autonomic Nervous System.

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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8
Q

How are the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine terminated?

A
  • Reuptake
  • Catecholomethyltransferase (COMT)
  • Monoamine Oxidase (MOA)
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9
Q

How is acetylcholine broken down?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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10
Q

What are the two Cholinoreceptors of the Parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Muscarinic
Nicotinic

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11
Q

Where are Alpha-1 receptors located?

A

Vascular Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Where are Alpha-2 receptors located?

A

Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals

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13
Q

Where are Beta-1 receptors located?

A

Heart

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14
Q

Where are Beta-2 receptors located?

A

Vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Where are Beta-3 receptors located?

A

Lipocytes and bladder

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16
Q

Give two examples of a Cholinergic Agonists (Parasympathomimetics)

A

Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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17
Q

Give two examples of anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)

A

Atropine
Scopolamine

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18
Q

Give three examples of Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Albuterol

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19
Q

Give two examples of Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholytics)

A

Beta-blockers
Alpha-blockers

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20
Q

Direct acting cholinergic agents work via what mechanism of action?

A

Action at Muscarinic or Nicotinic receptor

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21
Q

Indirect acting cholinergic agents work via what mechanism of action?

A

Blocking metabolism of acetylcholine by cholinesterase at all cholinergic synapses

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22
Q

What are the two types of Muscarinic Agonists?

A

Esters
Alkaloids

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23
Q

What is an example of an Ester Direct Muscarinic Agonist?

A

Bethanechol

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24
Q

What is Bethanechol used to treat?

A

Non-obstructive post-op ileus
Urinary Retention

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25
What are some examples of Alkaloid Direct Muscarinic Agonist?
Pilocarpine Muscarine Nicotine
26
What does Pilocarpine do?
Stimulates salivation
27
What does Nicotine do?
Increases HR + BP
28
What are some clinical uses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors?
Myasthenia Gravis Alzheimer's Disease Open-Angle Glaucoma Reversal of Neuromusclar Block
29
What are the reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors?
Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Rivastigmine Galantamine Donepezil
30
What are the adverse effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors? (DUMBELS)
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation
31
How do you treat Organophosphate poisoning, pesticide exposure, or nerve agents?
Atropine + Pralidoxime (Benzodiazepines for seizure activity)
32
Name a muscarinic antagonist and its use.
Atropine Tx: Bradycardia + Reversal Agent
33
Name a nicotinic antagonist and its use.
Curare Tx: Muscle relaxent in surgeries
34
Name a First Generation Antihistamine that is also an anticholinergic.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
35
Name a typical antipsychotic that is also an anticholinergic.
Haloperidol (Haldol)
36
Name an antidepressant that is also an anticholinergic.
Amitriptyline (TCAs)
37
Name the adverse drug reactions of Anticholinergics.
ANTI-DUMBELS + ABCDS Agitation Blurred Vision Constipation/Confusion Dry Mouth Stasis of Urine
38
What are some contraindications to using Anti-Cholinergics?
GI Obstruction or Constipation (Elderly) Bladder Obstruction Untreated Narrow Angle Glaucoma Bening Prostatic Hypertrophy
39
What are the signs and symptoms of Anticholinergic Syndrome?
"Mad as a Hatter" "Red as a Beet" "Dry as a Bone" "Blind as a Bat" "Hot as a Hare"
40
What is the Reversal Agent for Anticholinergic Syndrome?
Physostigmine
41
Neuromusclar block that binds to the receptor and opens the ion channel.
Depolarizing (Succinylcholine)
42
Neuromusclar block that binds to the receptor, but does NOT open the ion channel.
Non-depolarizing (Rocuronium + Vecuronium)
43
Adrenergic receptor that is found on Vascular Smooth Muscle.
Alpha-1
44
What is the effect of Alpha-2 receptors?
Inhibitory (Lowers blood pressure)
45
Adrenergic receptor that is found primarily on the heart.
Beta-1
46
Adrenergic receptor that is found primarily in the lungs.
Beta-2
47
Name an Alpha-1 agonist medication and what it is used for.
Phenylephrine Tx: Decongestant
48
Name an Alpha-2 agonist medication and what it is used for.
Clonidine Tx: Hypertension
49
Name a Beta-1 agonist medication and what it is used for.
Dobutamine Tx: CHF (increases contractility)
50
Name a Beta-2 agonist medication and what it is used for.
Albuterol Tx: Asthma
51
Name some Alpha + Beta agonists.
Epinephrine Norepinpherine
52
Drugs that work by releasing previously stored norepinephrine into the synapse.
Indirect Acting Agonists
53
Name some examples of Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists.
Amphetamines Pseudoephedrine
54
What are some adverse drug reactions that can occur with Adrenergic Agonists?
Hypertension Tachycardia Stroke MI Arrhythmia Mydriasis and Photophobia
55
What are some contraindications to using Adrenergic Agonists?
Cardiovascular Disease Increased Eye Pressure BPH Seizure Disorder Thyroid Dysfunction MAO-Inhibitors
56
Phenomenon that occurs when a person is standing and experiences greater vasodilation.
Postural Hypotension - or - First Dose Syncope
57
What are some examples of Alpha-1 blockers?
Prazosin Doxazosin Terazosin
58
What is Prazosin used to treat?
Hypertension BPH
59
Name an Alpha-1 blocker that has further selectivity for receptors found in the genitourinary tract.
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
60
What can Tamsulosin be used to treat?
Kidney Stones BPH
61
What are some adverse drug reactions caused by Tamsulosin?
Decreased, Absent, or Retrograde Ejaculation
62
List some common Cardioselective Beta-Blockers.
Metoprolol Atenolol Bisoprolol Esmolol Acebutolol
63
List some common Nonselective Beta-Blockers.
Propranolol Nadolol Penbutolol Pindolol Timolol
64
What is an odd adverse effects that can be caused by Beta-Blockers.
Hiding effects of Hypoglycemia (normally patient has a release of epinephrine that causes tachycardia and tremors, BB are blocking the receptors that Epinephrine binds to, preventing the full physiologic response).
65
What are some common adverse drug reactions caused by Beta-Blockers?
Hypotension Bradycardia Decreased Cardiac Output Fatigue Bronchoconstriction Heart Block Erectile Dysfunction Depression
66
Name some Mixed Alpha and Beta Blockers.
Labetalol Carvedilol
67
What medication is preferred in pregnancy to treat hypertension?
Labetalol
68
Medications used to treat Hypertension.
Alpha-Blocker (Prazosin) Beta-Blocker (Atenolol) Alpha-2 Agonist (Clonidine)
69
Medications used to treat Asthma and COPD.
Beta-2 Agonists (Albuterol) Anticholinergic (Ipratropium)
70
Medications used to treat Heart Failure.
Beta-Blocker (Carvedilol) ACE-Inhibitors
71
Medication used to treat Glaucoma.
Muscarinic Agonists (Pilocarpine)
72
Medication used to treat Motion Sickness.
Muscarinic Antagonist (Scopolamine)
73
Medication used to treat Parkinson's Disease.
Anticholinergic (Benztropine)
74
Medication used to treat Alzheimer's Disease.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Donepezil)
75
Medication used to treat Overactive Bladder.
Anticholinergic (Oxybutynin)

Pharmacology 2: Section 1 (4 decks)

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