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physiology block 1 > autonomic NS > Flashcards

autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

main integrator of homeostasis

A

brain- hypothalamus and brain stem

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2
Q

2 neuron system in SNS

A

pregang - ganglia (Ach, nicotinic)

postgang-target (epi or NE, adrenergic)

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3
Q

exception to 2 neuron system of SNS

A

adrenal medulla- pregang synapse directly on chromaffin cells that release epi directly into blood

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4
Q

2 neuron system in PNS

A

pregang to ganglia (ach, nicotinic)

post gang to target (ash, muscarinic)

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5
Q

acetyl choline is made from:

A

acetyl coa and choline

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6
Q

acetylcholine is degraded in the synapse by

A

acetylcholinesterase

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7
Q

describe nicotinic ach receptor

A

ligand gated ion channel that permits Na influx and K efflux

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8
Q

in general, muscarinic receptors are…

A

g coupled

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9
Q

type of muscarinic receptor at SA node

A

M2

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10
Q

MOA of M2 receptors at SA node

A

decrease HR by: 1) binding K-K(ach) channels and hyperpolarizing and also 2) inhibit t-type Ca channels

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11
Q

type of muscarinic receptor on bronchial smooth mm

A

trick! both M2 and M3

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12
Q

action of M2 on bronchial smooth mm

A

M2 inhibits GaS to cause contraction

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13
Q

action of M3 on bronchial smooth mm

A

M3 stimulates Gaq to cause contraction

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14
Q

steps in epinephrine synthesis (4)

A

tyrosine –> dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase)
dopa –> dopamine (dopa decarboxylase)
dopamine –> NE (dopamine b-hydroxylase)
NE –> epinephrine (PNMT)

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15
Q

m/c NT released from postganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

norepinephrine

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16
Q

how is epinephrine formed in the adrenal medulla?

A

chromatin cells have PNMT to convert NE –> epi

17
Q

a receptors have a greater affinity for …

b receptors have a greater affinity for …

A

a - NE

b- epinephrine

18
Q

all of the adrenergic receptors are … except for …

A

all of the adrenergeic receptors are postsynaptic except for a2 which is presynaptic

19
Q

mechanism typically used by B receptors

A

GaS

20
Q

mechanism typically used by a receptors

A

Gaq

21
Q

adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth mm

A

B2

22
Q

adrenergic receptors in heart

A

B1

23
Q

adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth mm

A

a

24
Q

mechanism by which HR is increased by activation of SNS

A

SA node has B1 receptors, stimulation of these receptors leads to GaS mechanism and increased activity of PKA, PKA increases currents of funny Na channel and t-type Ca channel = depolarization

25
Q

mechanism of vasoconstriction by SNS

A

vascular smooth mm has a receptors, activate Gaq = increased Ca = contraction

26
Q

mechanism of bronchial smooth mm relaxation by SNS

A

bronchial smooth mm has B2 receptors, activate GaS, increases cAMP levels that inhibit MLCK and promote relaxation

27
Q

which arm of the autonomic ns has greater control over resting HR

A

parasympathetic

28
Q

action of muscarinic receptors on bronchial smooth mm

A

M3- uses Gaq mechanism to increase Ca and promote contraction

29
Q

2 ways to treat asthma

A

1- b2 agonist (albuterol) = increase cAMP and inhibit MLCK

2- anticholinergic (ipratropium)= inhibit Gaq

30
Q

ANS receptors on detrusor mm

A

SNS- b3- promote relaxation via GaS

PNS- M3- promote contraction via Gaq

31
Q

ANS receptor on urethra

A

SNS-a- promotes contriction via Gaq

32
Q

treatment of urge incontinence

A

anticholinergics to inhibit M3

33
Q

treatment of stress incontinence

A

a agonist to increase urethral constriction

34
Q

treatment of overflow incontinence

A

a antagonist to relax urethra and allow for complete bladder emptying

35
Q

locations of baroreceptors

A

carotid, aorta

36
Q

actions of baroreceptors

A 
sense stretch (indicting increased BP)
sends signal to brain that BP increased
brain sends signal to down regulate SNS (decrease HR, decrease vasoconstriction) and to up regulate PNS (further decrease HR)

physiology block 1 (5 decks)

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