Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CPR- my cards > Autonomic NS Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic NS Drugs Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptors

A

Na+/K+ channels
N(n) - autonomic ganglia
N(m) - neuromuscular juctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscarinic ACh receptors

A

G protein coupled receptors that act through 2nd messengers

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

affinities of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors

A

EPI >= NE&raquo_space;> I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alpha-1 receptor:

A

G(q) protein coupled receptor:

  • activates phospholipase C, increases IP3, mobilizes intracellular stores of Ca
  • increases diacylglycerol (DAG)
  • activates PKC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alpha-2 receptors:

A

G(i) coupled receptor:
- activate guanine nucleotide inhibitors, inhibit adenylyl cyclase, decrease cAMP levels, lower PKA, lower intracellular Ca/increased myosin light-chain kinase (smooth muscle relaxation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta-1 receptor:

A

G(s) coupled receptor:
- stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, increased cAMP, increased PKA, increased intracellular Ca/decreased myosin light-chain kinase (smooth muscle)
OPENS L-TYPE Ca CHANNELS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

beta-2 receptor

A

G(s) coupled receptor:
- stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increase cAMP, increase PKA, increased Ca/decreased myosin light chain kinase (smooth muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location of alpha-1 receptors and function

A
  • blood vessels: vasoconstriction
  • GI tract/urinary sphincters: contraction
  • radial muscles of iris: contraction (mydriasis-dilation)
  • liver: gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Locations and functions of Alpha-2 receptors

A
  • presynaptic neuron: inhibit NE release
  • postsynaptic neuron: inhibit NE uptake
  • pancreas: decrease insulin release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location and function of Beta-1 receptors

A 
Heart: 
- increase conduction velocity (heart rate)
- increase automaticity
- increase contractility
- increase renin release
Kidney: increase renin secretion
Fat: lipolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location and function of Beta-2 receptors

A 
Blood vessels: vasodilation
Bronchioles: dilation
GI tract/bladder: decrease motility
Uterus: relaxation
Liver: gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epinephrine selectivity for adrenergic receptors

A 
STIMULATES ALL ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
alpha-1
alpha-2
beta-1
beta-2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Isoproterenol selectivity for adrenergic receptors

A

BETA MOSTLY
beta-1
beta-2
(very little effect on alpha-1/alpha-2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Norepinephrine selectivity for adrenergic receptors

A

alpha-1
alpha-2
beta-1
NO EFFECT ON BETA-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dopamine selectivity for adrenergic receptors

A

low dose: D1
med dose: Beta-1
high dose: alpha-1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epinephrine effects on heart

A

(Beta-1): increase automaticity, conduction velocity, HR, contractile force, cardiac ouput (CO), O2 consumption

  • accelerates phase 4 diastolic depolarization in Purkinje fibers, activates latent pacemaker cells (may cause arrhythmias)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

EPI effects on peripheral resistance

A

(alpha-1): increases cutaneous, mesenteric, renal vascular resistance

low EPI: (beta-2) decreases skeletal muscle resistance
high EPI: (alpha-1) increases skeletal muscle resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vagal escape

A

When increased parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve) is overcome by sympathetic release of NE on heart. Results in increased HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NE effects on the heart

A

chronotropic- increase HR
ionotropic- increase contractility
increase conduction speed in AV node (shorter P-R interval)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Effects of ACh on the cardiovascular system (4)

A

1) vasodilation
2) decrease HR (negative chronotropy)
3) decrease conduction velocity through SA and AV nodes (negative dromotropy)
4) decrease force of contraction (negative ionotropy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Effect of M3 receptor stimulation

A

Muscarinic receoptors on endothelial cells
- respond to ACh
- produce NO –> guanylate cyclase activity increases –> more cGMP produced
END RESULT: smooth muscle relaxation/vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Effect of M2 receptor stimulation

A

decrease in HR (often overridden by baroreceptor reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Baroreceptor Reflex

A

drop in BP at carotid sinus stimulates sympathetic release of NE

  • alpha-1: vasoconstriction
  • beta-1: increase HR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Effects of carotid occlusion

A

Decreased BP sensed at carotid sinus:

  • stimulates sympathetic NE release, decreases parasympathetic vagal stimulation
  • HR and BP increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does hexamethonium do?
Antagonist of ACh at preganglionic synapse | affects nACHRn > nACHRm
26
Atropine
Competitive inhibitor of ACh at all M receptors (blocks Parasympathetic relaxation)
27
Cholinergic Drugs are:
Paraympathomimetic Drugs (mimic effects of ACh) - act on Muscarinic receptors ex: Bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine
28
Anticholinergic Drugs are:
Parasympatholytic/Antimuscarinic Drugs | antagonists of ACh
29
Muscarinic receptors: - are activated by what? - are blocked by what?
Activated: ACh, Muscarine Blocked: Atropine, Scopolamine
30
Where are M1 receptors found? | What do they do?
sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and CNS neurons - G(q) coupled receptor: activates PLC, increases IP3, DAG (IP3--> increased release of Ca++ from ER/SR) (DAG --> activates PKC --> increased influx of extracelluar Ca++)
31
M2 receptors - where are they? - what do they do?
presynaptic: cardiac and smooth muscle | - G(i/o) coupled receptor: inhibit adenylyl cyclase (decreased cAMP), open K+ channels (promote hyperpolarization)
32
M3 receptors - where are they? - what do they do?
exocrine glands, blood vessel endothelium, smooth muscle and ganglia - G(q) coupled receptor: activates PLC, increases IP3, DAG - endothelial cells: activates NOS --> NO diffuses to smooth muscle --> activates guanyl cyclase --> increased cGMP --> muscle relaxation (IP3--> increased release of Ca++ from ER/SR) (DAG --> activates PKC --> increased influx of extracelluar Ca++)
33
M4 receptors - where are they? - what do they do?
Post ganglionic nerve terminals in brain - work like M2 receptors (inhibit adenylyl cyclase, increase K+ channels)
34
M5 receptors - where are they? - what do they do?
dopamine neurons in brain - like M1/M3 (activate PLC --> IP3, DAG)
35
Choline ester cholinergic agonists
*Bethanechol* - ACh (hydrolyzed too quickly by AChesterase to be used clinically) - Carbachol (not used clinically) - Metacholine (not used clinically)
36
Bethanechol
- slowly hydrolyed - specific to muscarinic receptors (agonist) - treatment for post-op urinary retention, abdominal distension, gastric atony (increase GI motility, decrease sphincter tone)
37
Natural Alkaloid cholinergic agonists
**Pilocarpine** -Muscarine (not used clinically)
38
Pilocarpine
Muscarinic receptor agonist - treat glaucoma: decreases intraoccular pressure - treat Sjogren syndrome: increase salivary secretion
39
Effect of M receptors on heart
Decrease HR, but resulting decrease in BP may produce reflex increase in HR by sympathetic system
40
Effect of M receptors on blood vessels
M3: decrease tone in arterioles and small blood vessels (due to NO) - decrease BP
41
Effect of M receptors on smooth muscle (other than blood vessels)
increase tone | increase contraction
42
Effect of M receptors on Exocrine glands
increased salivation, mucous secretion
43
Effect of M receptors on GI tract
increase tone, contractions, peristalsis
44
Effect of M receptors on bronchioles
Bronchoconstriction
45
Effect of M receptors on bladder
decreased bladder capacity
46
Tertiary Amine Anticholinergics - what do they do? - list some examples
inhibit action of PNS and muscarinic agonists on end receptors EFFECT CNS * *atropine** - scopolamine - homatropine - benztropine - oxybutynin, tolterodine - pirenzipine
47
Atropine
Competitive antagonist to Muscarinic receptor | - long half-life
48
Scopalamine uses
motion sickness | sedation
49
Homatropine uses
ophthamolagy: mydriasis and cycloplegia | - reduces smooth muscle tone
50
benztropine uses
Parkinson disease
51
pirenzipine uses
M1 selective: reduce secretions - antidepressant - reduces stomach acid (peptic ulcers)
52
oxybutynin uses
urinary incontinence
53
Quaternary amine Anticholinergic Drugs - what do they do? - list some examples
inhibit action of PNS and muscarinic agonists on end receptors DO NOT ENTER CNS - ipratropium, tiotropium - glycopyrrolate
54
Ipratropium uses
asthma | - reduce bronchoconstriction
55
Tiotropium uses
asthma (M1, M3 selective), longer duration of action than Ipratropium - reduce bronchoconstriction
56
Glycopyrrolate uses
Pre-anasthetic
57
Atropine sensitivities in the body
lowest dose: secretory < eye and heart < GI/urinary motility < GI secretion < CNS: highest dose
58
Symptoms of Atropine toxicity
- elevated temperature - dry skin, eyes - hallucinations/delirium - mydriasis, cycloplegia - tachycardia
59
Dopamine selectivity for adrenergic receptors
D 1 D 2 Beta-1 (Alpha receptors only at high concentrations)
60
Receptors located on blood vessels
Alpha-1: skin/systemic, constriction Beta-2: skeletal muscle/liver, dilation D-1: kidney/mesentary, dilation
61
Receptors of the GI tract
Alpha-1: sphincters, contraction | Beta-2: tract, relaxation
62
How do alpha-1 receptors instigate contraction?
G(q) coupled receptor: increase phospholipase C, increases IP3, increases Ca++ release from SR = CONTRACTION
63
How do alpha-2 receptors instigate relaxation?
G(i) coupled receptor: decrease adenylyl cyclase activity, opens K+channels, promotes hyperpolarization = RELAXATION G(o) coupled receptor: closes Ca++ channels, less able to contract = RELAXATION
64
How do beta-1 receptors instigate contraction?
G(s) coupled receptor: increase adenylyl cyclase activity, increase opening of L-type Ca++, more Ca++ release from SR = CONTRACTION
65
How does beta-2 receptor instigate relaxation?
G(s) coupled receptor: increased adenylyl cyclase activity, increased cAMP, more PKA, phosphatase activated, dephosphorylation leads actin and myosin to slide apart

CPR- my cards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions