Autonomic Pharm

Question 1

Most internal organs are under what type of control?

Answer 1

Antagonistic control.

Question 2

What are the targets of autonomic pathways?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, many exocrine and a few endocrine glands.

Question 3

What are the two autonomic pathways?

Answer 3

parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (Flight or fight).

Question 4

What is the main neurotransmitter for parasympathetic?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine. ACh

Question 5

What is the main neurotrasmitter for sympathetic?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine (NE).

Question 6

What blocks Nicotinic ACh receptors? What do the drugs that block these doe?

Answer 6

Curare. Neuromuscular blocking.

Question 7

What is Botox? Mechanism?

Answer 7

Neuromuscular blocking drug. Blocks release of synaptic vesicles that hold ACh, leading to no muscle contraction.

Question 8

What are Muscarinic ACh receptors? What are they blocked by? Drug Examples and what they do?

Answer 8

G Protein Coupled Receptors. Blocked by Atropine.

Question 9

What are Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists? Drug Examples and what they do?

Answer 9

1. Ipratropium (dilates bronchial muscles)
2. Scopolamine (motion sickness)
3. Tolterodine (overactive bladder)

Question 10

What are Muscarinic ACh receptor agonists drugs and what they do?

Answer 10

1. Polocarpine. Used to constrict pupils.

Question 11

What is the the first class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? Drug example and uses?

Answer 11

1. Short acting. Endrophonium, used to treat myasthenia gravis.

Question 12

What is the second class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? Drugs and what they treat?

Answer 12

Medium acting

• Neostigmine (Myasthenia gravis)
• Physostigmine (gloucoma)
• Doneprezil (Alzheimers)
• Tracine (Alzheimers)

Question 13

What is the third class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? Drugs and effect?

Answer 13

3. Long Acting/Irreversible

- Organophosphate compounds (insecticides) and nerve gas (sarin).

Question 14

What is a side effect from acetylcholinesterase inibitors?

Answer 14

1. Nicotinic receptors: Muscle twitching, tachycardia, hypertension.
2. Muscarinic receptors: Increased salivation, Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Increased GI mobility, Urination, Miosis.

Question 15

What can acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also do?

Answer 15

Reverse the paralyzing effects of Curare-like drugs following surgery.

Question 16

What are the Beta Adrenergic receptor antagonists? Also called?Used for?

Answer 16

Anything sounding in olol. Called Beta-Blockers. Used for cardiovascular issues like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertention.