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fom week 4 > autonomic physiology > Flashcards

autonomic physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

what receptor does aceytcholine act on ?

A

cholinergic receptors

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors

A

-nicotnic receptors
-muscarinic receptors

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3
Q

explain sympathetic and parasympathetic functions on your body ( pupils , distance of sight ,heart rate and gut motitlity )

A

sympathetic - pupils dilate help see far away, heart rate becomes fast and gut motility decreases

parasympathetic -pupils constrict , can see closer, gut motility increases and heart rate decreases

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4
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter and act on what receptor

A

release aceytlcholine and act on cholinergic muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

sympathetic postgangilonic fibers release what type of neurotransmitters and act on what type of receptor ?

A

release noradrenanline or adrenaline and act on adrenergic receptors either alpha AND beta type

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6
Q

neurotransmitter adrenaline and noradrenaline act on what type of receptor?

A

act on adrenergic receptors

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7
Q

name the two types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha (1 or 2) or beta(1 or 2 )

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8
Q

what does the autonomic NS consist of ?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic & enteric

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9
Q

describe the myelination in the pre-ganglionic and post ganglionic fibers in the ANS/autonomic system

A

preganglionic - myelinated

postganglionic -unmyelinated

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10
Q

where do the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord?

A

thoracic and lumbar region

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11
Q

where are the ganglia located (paravertebral and prevertebral gangilia)

A

(sympathetic) trunk - paravertebral

anything else = prevertebral

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12
Q

White ramus is what kind of ganglionic fibre and why?

A

preganglionic due to its myelination

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13
Q

how to PREganglionic fiberes in the sympathetic nervous system work?

A

release aceytlcholine acting on nicotinic cholinergic receptor

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14
Q

where do nerves leave the spinal cord in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cranial and sacral

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15
Q

what do preganglionic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system respond to?

A

aceytlcholine in the nicotinic receptor

(postganglionic is aceytlcholine in MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR)

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15
Q

How are sweat glands innervated ?

A

sympathetic cholinergic fibers

16
Q

explain the sympathetic effect on the eye with alpha and beta receptors

A

Sympathetic : nordadrenaline acts on alpha 1 receptor contracts the radial muscle , causing pupil to become larger

nordadrenaline acts on beta receptors which relaxes ciliary muscle causing eye to focus further away.

17
Q

what do alpha(1or 2) and beta(1 or 2) receptors do , contract or relax?

A

alpha contracts

beta relax
(beta 2 relax)

18
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the muscarinic ciliary muscle receptor within the eye? (parasympathetic effect on the eye)

A

makes ciliary muscle contract causing eye to focus closer

19
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the muscarinic receptors in the sphincter muscle on the iris ?

A

causes it to contract thereofore making the pupil smaller

20
Q

What is the effect of noradrenaline on the pacemaker cells within the heart?

A

acts on beta 1 receptors which causes the heart rate to increase

21
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the pacemaker cells within the heart?

A

acts on muscarinic receptors which reduces heart rate

22
Q

what is the effect of noradrenaline on myocytes

A

activates b1 receptors which increases the strength of contractions

23
Q

what is the effect of acyetlcholine on myocytes

A

little effect

23
Q

What is the effect of noradrenaline on the blood vessels?

A

activates alpha 1 receptors causing smooth muscle to contract, reducing blood flow

activates b2 receptors casuing smooth muscle to relax , increasing blood flow

24
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic system (aceytlcholine) on blood vessels?

A

has no effect on blood vessels

25
Q

what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on energy stores?

A

activates alpha/beta receptors in liver cells which produces gluecogenesis

also activates alpha/beta receptors in fat cells

26
Q

what effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on energy stores?

A

no effect

27
Q

describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the salivary glands

A

sympathetic ; thick secretion with enzymes

parasympathetic ; watery solution

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