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Autonomics Flashcards

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1
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Enzymes cleave nerve terminal proteins and block ACh release from cholinergic terminals
Uses: muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, reduce excessive sweating

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2
Q

Donepezil

A

Allosteric AChE inhibitor

Uses: Alzheimer’s disease

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3
Q

Echothiophate

A

Organophosphate AChE inhibitor

Uses: glaucoma

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4
Q

Edrophonium

A

Reversible AChE inhibitor

Uses: reversal of neuromuscular block by nondepolarizing drugs, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Quaternary ammonium AChE inhibitor/carbamate ester

Uses: reversal of neuromuscular block, treatment of myasthenia gravis (no CNS effect)

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6
Q

Physostigmine

A

Tertiary carbamate ester AChE inhibitor

Uses: reversal of severe atropine poisoning (IV), occasionally used in acute glaucoma (topical)

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7
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

Reactivator of organophosphate-inhibited AChE

Uses: organophosphate poisoning

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8
Q

Acetylcholine

A 
Cholinergic agonist (muscarinic & nicotinic)
Uses: cataract and certain other eye surgery
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9
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Partial nAChR agonist, depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Uses: neuromuscular relaxation

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10
Q

Mivacurium

A

Relatively short-acting competitive antagonist at skeletal muscle nAChR
Uses: neuromuscular relaxation

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11
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Competitive antagonist at skeletal muscle nAChR

Uses: neuromuscular relaxation

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12
Q

Dantrolene

A

Blocks Ca2+ release

Uses: counteracts succinylcholine-induced malignant hyperthermia

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13
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic agonist at ganglia and NMJ

Uses: smoking cessation

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14
Q

Bethanechol

A

mAChR agonist

Uses: bladder and bowel atony

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15
Q

Carbamylcholine (carbachol)

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic agonist

Uses: miosis for surgery, glaucoma

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16
Q

Cevimeline

A

M3 selective agonist

Uses: glaucoma, Sjogren’s syndrome

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17
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic agonist

Uses: diagnosis of airway hyperreactivity

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18
Q

Muscarine

A

Muscarinic agonist

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19
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist

Uses: previously used in glaucoma, Sjogren’s syndrome

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20
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Uses: mydriasis, reversal of vagal bradycardia, antidote for AChE inhibitor toxicity

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21
Q

Ipratropium

A

Quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist

Uses: asthma, COPD

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22
Q

Methylatropine

A

Quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist

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23
Q

Scopolamine

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A

Muscarinic antagonist

Uses: mydriasis, motion sickness via transdermal patch

24
Q

Tiotropium

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A

M3 selective antagonist

Uses: long-term bronchodilation

25
Amphetamine
Releases catecholamines from adrenergic nerve terminals | Uses: anorexiant, ADHD, narcolepsy
26
Cocaine
Blocks NE reuptake and dopamine reuptake in CNS | Uses: local anesthetic with intrinsic hemostatic action
27
Ephedrine
Mixed-acting sympathomimetic | Uses: hypotension, bronchospasm, nasal decongestant
28
Imipramine
Blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin | Uses: antidepressant
29
Methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa)
Converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, which acts like alpha2 agonist Uses: hypertension
30
Metyrosine (alpha-methyltyrosine)
Inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase | Uses: pheochromocytoma
31
Reserpine
Blocks catecholamine transport into vesicles in adrenergic neurons Uses: occasionally hypertension, Huntington's disease
32
Tranylcypromine
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor | Uses: depression
33
Albuterol
Beta2 selective agonist | Uses: prompt treatment for acute bronchospasm
34
Clonidine
Alpha2 selective agonist in CNS results in decreased sympathetic outflow Uses: hypertension
35
Dobutamine
Beta1 selective agonist | Uses: increase cardiac output in acute heart failure
36
Dopamine
Dopamine, alpha, and beta agonist | Uses: shock, especially with renal shutdown, sometimes heart failure
37
Epinephrine
Adrenergic agonist | Uses: anaphylaxis, emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
38
Fenoldopam
D1 selective agonist causes arteriolar dilation | Uses: hypertensive emergencies
39
Isoproterenol
Non-selective beta agonist | Uses: acute asthma, emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
40
Midodrine
Alpha1 selective agonist | Uses: chronic orthostatic hypotension
41
Mirabegron
Beta3 selective agonist | Uses: overactive bladder
42
Norepinephrine
Adrenergic agonist | Uses: shock, cardiac arrest
43
Phenylephrine
Alpha adrenergic agonist | Uses: decongestant, neurogenic hypotension
44
Salmeterol
Beta2 selective agonist | Uses: asthma, COPD
45
Terbutaline
Beta2 selective agonist | Uses: prompt treatment for acute bronchospasm
46
Atenolol
Beta1 selective antagonist | Uses: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
47
Carvedilol
Alpha1 and beta antagonist | Uses: hypertension, heart failure
48
Labetalol
Alpha1 and beta antagonist | Uses: hypertension, hypertensive emergencies
49
Metoprolol
Beta1 selective antagonist | Uses: hypertension, heart failure
50
Mirtazapine
Alpha2 selective antagonist, also blocks some 5-HT receptors | Uses: depression
51
Nadolol
Long-lasting non-selective beta antagonist | Uses: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, headaches
52
Phenoxybenzamine
Irreversible (covalent) alpha antagonist | Uses: pheochromocytoma, carcinoid, mastocytosis, Raynaud's phenomenon
53
Phentolamine
Competitive alpha adrenergic antagonist | Uses: pheochromocytoma, antidote to overdose of adrenergic agonists
54
Prazosin
Competitive alpha1 selective antagonist | Uses: hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia
55
Propranolol
Non-selective beta antagonist | Uses: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tremor, stage fright, migraine
56
Tamsulosin
Selective alpha1A & 1D antagonist | Uses: benign prostatic hyperplasia
57
Timolol
Non-selective beta antagonist | Uses: glaucoma

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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