autonomics and somatic reflexes

Question 1

PS DUMBBELS

Answer 1

Diarrhea/Defecation
urination
meiosis - pupils contract
bradycardia
bronchospasma
emesis
lacrimation
salivation

Question 2

PS nerves

Answer 2

CN III, VII, IX, X; S2-4

Question 3

which joint needs to be treated with autonomics?

Answer 3

OA - occipito-atlantal

mvmt of occiput on atlas/C1

Question 4

symp innervation: UE and LE

Answer 4

UE: T2-5(6)
LE: T10(11) - L2(3)

Question 5

visceral afferents is a sign of?

Answer 5

visceral irritation

Question 6

how does visceral afferents message travel?

Answer 6

message of irritation travels back on bifurcating neuron
- synapses on somatic motor neurons and causes mm contraction
release proinflamm polypeptides at that level

Question 7

prolonged stimulation of visceral afferents lead to?

Answer 7

facilitation

Question 8

facilitation indicates?

Answer 8

lower threshold for irritation and dysfx

Question 9

facilitated segments are?

Answer 9

hyper-irritable and hyper-responsive

mm maintained in hypertonic state

Question 10

nociceptive fibers travel with

Answer 10

sympathetics

Question 11

non-nociceptive fibers travel with

Answer 11

parasympathetics

Question 12

somato-somatic reflex

Answer 12

localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures

• DTRs
• withdrawal reflex
• T5 dysfx caused by tight linea alba

Question 13

somato-visceral reflex

Answer 13

localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
- spinal manipulation –> changes in HR, BP, and symp activity to kidney and adrenal medulla

Question 14

viscero-visceral reflex

Answer 14

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures

1. gut distention –> gut contraction
2. baroreceptor reflex –> BV stretch to change cause change in HR

Question 15

viscero-somatic reflex

Answer 15

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures

1. cardiac disease –> SD T1-5 RSL
2. Type II dysfx

Question 16

type II dysfx

Answer 16

• maintained by intertransverse mm
• rubbery end feel
• can’t be fixed by HVLA cus dysfx maintained by muscular rather than articular restriction

Question 17

referred pain

Answer 17

• convergence-projection theory
• visceral and somatic afferents converge on the same or associated neurons or interneurons in the SC
• can follow viscero-somatic pattern or somato-somatic pattern

Question 18

trigger points defintion

Answer 18

• hyperirritable spot in SkM that is associated with hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band
• painful on compression with radiating or referred pain, tenderness, motor dysfx, and autonomic phenomena

Question 19

2 classifications of trigger points

Answer 19

• active: refer pain at rest, with muscular activity, or with palpation
• latent - produce pain only when probed with more steady pressure

Question 20

trigger points tx

Answer 20

• inhibitory soft tissue
• deep massage
• dry needling
• injection with steroids
• MET
• vapocoolant spray with myofascial stretch

Question 21

jump sign

Answer 21

patient response to pain: wince or voluntary withdrawal

Question 22

local twitch

Answer 22

• transient contraction of the taun band of fibers with the trigger point
• presence differentiated b/w trigger point and fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 23

tender points definition

Answer 23

• small, hypersensitive points in the myofascial tissues of the body
• finger tip size, discrete, small, tense, and edematous

Question 24

how tender points are created

Answer 24

initial injury causes sudden unanticipated lengthening of the antagonistic mm to the originally strained painful agonist mm

Question 25

where are tender points located?

Answer 25

- within myofascial structures: tendons, ligaments, mm bellies - location consistent b/w patients suggest anatomic basis

Question 26

tender points sensitive to palpation suggest?

Answer 26

related to nociceptive activity

Question 27

do tender points radiate?

Answer 27

- no, they are localized

Question 28

chapman's points definition

Answer 28

- gangliform contraction that my block lymphatic drainage, causing inflamm in distal tissues - believed to be part of symp dysfx (found in regions which overlap with visceral symp efferent innervation)

Question 29

which type of reflex is it part of?

Answer 29

viscero-somatic reflex

Question 30

what are gangliform?

Answer 30

not a nerve nor a cyst, but it is a rounded contraction

Question 31

chapman clinical uses

Answer 31

- for dx - for influencing the motion of fluids, mostly lymph - for influencing visceral fx through the PNS

Question 32

chapman's points location

Answer 32

- small, smooth, firm, discrete nodules in fixed anatomic locations - deep to skin and subcut areolar tissue on deep fascia or periosteum - usually paired ant and post

Question 33

anterior chapman's points

Answer 33

often painful with light compression

Question 34

do chapman's points radiate?

Answer 34

no, but often tender with lymphatic congestion and altered myofascial texture

Question 35

chapman's points tx?

Answer 35

- firm, circular pressure - attempt to flatten - hold for 10-30s