Autophagy, pigments, intracell storage material & calcification Flashcards by Esty Sherman

Intracell storage of Materials

nutrients
degraded phospholipids
substances that can’t be metabolized
overload of normal body constituents
abnormal protein

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Increase intracell fat storage

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Xanthomas

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Intracell accumulation of normal proteins

reabsorption of protein droplets in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney in hyperproteinuria= hyaline droplets
Russell bodies in plasma cells- immunoglobulins

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Hyaline Droplets

eosinophilic droplets

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Russell Bodies

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A1 antitrypsin deficiency

mutations in coding gene leads to insolublule prot- not easily transported from hepatocytes

emphysema from lack of activity in serum
liver cirrhosis due to storage damage- apoptosis

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Cytoskeletal protein accumulate

intermed filaments- keratin

mallory bodies- hepatocel inclusions in alcoholic liver injury

Neurofilaments

neurofibrillary tangle-alzheimer disease

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Aggregation abnorm proteins/folding

Proteinopathies

Amyloid

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A1 antitrypsin

PAS & Diastase stain protein in liver

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Mallory bodies/alcoholic hyaline

eosinophilic intracell cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes

Made of cytokeratin

Alcohol related toxic metabolic liver disease

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Neurofibrillary tangles

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Hyaline

Generic morphological descriptor used to describe material that has red, amorphous, homogenous appearance when stained w/ H& E

Extra & intracell locations

amyloid
collagen
alc hyaline in liver
hyalin mem in lungs
hyalin BM in BVs

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Mallory Bodies- hyaline

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BV showing hyaline change

Diabetes Mellitus & long standing hyperT

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Amyloid

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hyaline deposits in kidney glomeruli

Multiple Myeloma

Congo red stain!

Glycogen Storage

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inborn errors of metabolism where glycogen degradation enz are impaired or absent
G6PD
Hyperglycemia increases glycogen storage

Glycogen Storage Disease

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Intracell Accumulation of non digestible substance & pigments

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Exogenous

anthracosis C- coal dust
tattooing

Endogenous

lipofuscin
melanin
hemosiderin
bilirubin

Anthracosis

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store C particles in alveolar macrophages in lung & macrophages in LN

inhaled particulates from fossil fuels

indigestible & resides indef in these cells

cigarette smokers have pronounced deposits

Anthracosis

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Lung

Anthracosis

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in hilar LN

Tattoos

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Insolub metallic or vegetable pigments skin macrophages

Lipofuscin

lipids & proteins= ceroid * accumulates by ox, cross linked prot & is indigestible * in neurons & myocardial cells & hepatocytes * non toxic * wear & tear

Lipofuscin liver

Melanin

* In epidermal cells of skin & eye * In melanosomes- tyr ox product polymerization * protects from UV light * Found in neoplasms

Melanin in melanoma

Storage proteins- ferritin & hemosiderin * in liver & bone marrow- ferritin * spleen, bone marrow & Kupffer cells- hemosiderin Increased Fe stored intracell leads to progressive hemosiderosis

Hemosiderin