Autopsy Photos Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

In which patients is hypostasis pneumonia seen

A

Those who are unable to clear secretions from their airways and do not move much

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2
Q

What causes hypostasis pneumonia

A

Lack of movement and inadequate clearing of secretions means that secretions can gather in the lower lobes and become infected

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3
Q

Which type of pneumonia appears patchy

A

Bronchopneumonia

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4
Q

Which type of lung cancer appear lymphocytic

A

Small cell

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5
Q

How do lung cancers cause haemorrhage

A

They can erode through the pulmonary vessels

This then results in breathing trouble

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6
Q

How do lung cancers cause palsies etc.

A

They erode or compress the nerves surrounding the lungs/heart

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7
Q

What are the pathological features of acute bronchitis

A

Striations in the airway caused by smooth muscle hyperplasia
Will have pus in the airways (neutrophil polymorphs)

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8
Q

In which disease might you see emphysematous blebs around the apices of the lungs

A

COPD

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9
Q

Where do plaques occur in asbestosis

A

Can occur on chest wall or diaphragm

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10
Q

White plaques in asbestos are very fibrotic - true or false

A

True

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11
Q

In which types of death will pulmonary oedema be seen

A

Drowning, head trauma, lung disease

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12
Q

The froth/bubbles seen in pulmonary oedema will disappear soon after death - true or false

A

True

Have to catch early in order to see it

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13
Q

In which conditions might you see hyperinflated lungs

A

Asthma or COPD

May also occur if the patient was given CPR

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14
Q

Why might you find air in the stomach on PM

A

May be seen if the person was given CPR

Air often goes down oesophagus as well, inflating the stomach

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15
Q

How do hyperinflated lungs present on autopsy

A

They can overlap in the middle

This can obscure the heart

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16
Q

Which disease is suggested by a grainy/sandpaper appearance to heart surface

17
Q

What typically causes pericarditis

A

Usually occurs on it’s own (commonly coxsackie virus)

Can be a result of lung infections moving to the heart

18
Q

What is an empyema

A

Pus in the pleural cavity

19
Q

What causes an empyema

A

Usually occurs secondary to lung infection but can be a result of penetrating chest trauma or abscesses eroding up from the abdomen

20
Q

Heart valves from which animals can be used for human valve replacements

21
Q

Where do vegetations develop in endocarditis

A

On the valves of the heart

22
Q

A heart infection such as endocarditis can have what effect on valve replacements

A

The infection can erode the stitches and damage the valve.

Blood then moves through the gaps created.

23
Q

What happens if a valve replacement is seen as a foreign body

A

Can trigger clots or inflammatory reactions

24
Q

Post mortem abrasions in the centre of the chest are common following CPR - true or false

25
What can cause ulceration and/or bruising on the lips (as seen at PM)
May be a result of ET tubes
26
Why should tubes and cannulas be left in place for autopsy
Allows the pathologist to check it is in the correct place and account for any iatrogenic injury (e.g. needle marks on skin or bruising of mouth)
27
What can cause circular chest abrasions
Mechanical chest compression machines | May be mistaken for another injury