Autres (Quizlet, vidéos, etc)

Question 1

What are the receptors involved in necroptosis?

Answer 1

FAS, TNFR1, toll like receptors

Question 2

What is the focal adhesion complexe made of ? (2 proteins)

Answer 2

vinculin and talin

Question 3

IL 12= which Th?

Answer 3

TH1

Question 4

Which growth factor do cancer associated fibroblasts secrete?

Answer 4

TGF beta, which supresses inflammation

Question 5

What are the Yamanaka factors

Answer 5

Oct4
Sox2
C-myc
KLF4

Question 6

TERT is shuttled and folded by which protein?

Answer 6

HSP90

Question 7

Which cytokine causes reduced expression MHC?

Answer 7

Interferon gamma

It also INCREASES PDL1 expression

Question 8

Which oncogenic pathway upregulates the expression of IL10?

Answer 8

MAPK

Question 9

Which oncogenic pathway disrupts T cell response

Answer 9

WNT/B-catenin

Question 10

Which oncogenic pathway disrupts IFN signaling in tumor cells?

Answer 10

PTEN loss

Question 11

ZEB, SNAIL and TWIST reduce expression of E-cadherin and increase expression of …?

Answer 11

N Caderin and vimentin

Question 12

What does the polycomb group repressor complex do? (PRC1 and 2)

Answer 12

mediates gene silencing via lncRNA

Question 13

cell senescence in mediated mainly by which P ? (CDKN)

Answer 13

p16

Question 14

Which proteins inhibit RB by phosphorylating it in the cell cycle?

Answer 14

CDK4 and CDK6

Question 15

Which molecule keeps RAS membrane associated?

Answer 15

Famesyl membrane anchor

Question 16

growth factors activate what in the cell cycle?

Answer 16

they activate cyclins, cyclin dependant kinase phosphorylate RB, which release E2F, which has a transcriptional activity

Question 17

Summary of MYC’s Actions:
Promotes cell cycle progression, driving cells into S phase.
Stimulates cell growth and proliferation by enhancing protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism.
Reprograms metabolism, promoting aerobic glycolysis and other metabolic changes critical for fast-growing cells.
Can induce apoptosis but may also promote cell survival in certain contexts (like cancer).
Influences genomic stability and DNA damage response, contributing to genomic instability and tumorigenesis.
Plays a role in angiogenesis and tumor vascularization.
Regulates stem cell properties and differentiation, which may lead to cancer stem cell-like traits.

Answer 17

.

Question 18

Smac/DIABLO, on top of activating caspases, it ____________

Answer 18

neutralizes IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins)

Question 19

Hapoinsufficiency and quasisufficiency + ogligate haploinsufficiency, give an example of each (protein of the cell cycle)

Answer 19

p53 and PTEN

Question 20

Which is the transcription factor in the JAK/STAT pathway

Answer 20

STAT

Question 21

Which growth factor uses SMAD as signal transduction pathway?

Answer 21

TGF beta

Question 22

Akt pathway is activated by RTK and RAS via _____. Which protein blocks Akt?

Answer 22

PI3K

PTEN

Question 23

What is DLL4?

Answer 23

the ligand for the NOTCH receptor

Question 24

what is the name of the repair enzyme for each:

single strand break
pyrimidine adducts
double stranded break
mutations
oxydative injury

Answer 24

base excision repair
nucleotide excision repair
recombination repair
DNA mismatch repair
8-oxo-guanosine

Question 25

Which 2 proteins are used for non homologous recombination repair?

Answer 25

DNA-PK and ligase IV

Question 26

what does PARP1 does?

Answer 26

helps repair DNA(single/double stranded break and others). If expressed +++ causes apoptosis via activation of p53

Question 27

ATM/ART, CHK1/2 and BRCA1/2 are major players of ____________

Answer 27

homologous recombination repair

Question 28

Transcytosis is upregulated by __________

Answer 28

VEGF

Question 29

which drives margination: vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

Answer 29

vasodilation

Question 31

In necroptosis, which is the protein/molecule that cause plasma membrane permeabilization, releasing DAMPs? And which protein forms the necrosome?

Answer 31

MLKL RIPK1 and 3

Question 32

These proteins are involved in what? ULK1 VPS34 (PI3K) ARG9 LC3

Answer 32

autophagy

Question 33

Which is the protein that gets cleaved in the perforin granzyme apoptosis, and degrades DNA?

Answer 33

ICAD/CAD - > CAD It is done via caspases Granzyme B also activates caspase 10 (mainly), caspase 3 and BID-TBID-> activating BAX/BAD pore

Question 34

which protein detects cytoplasmic DNA and activate the STING pathway?

Answer 34

cGAS

Question 35

RIG1 and MDAS recognize viral DNA and activate the _________ pathway

Answer 35

MAVS

Question 36

DNA damage response: which ones are the sensors, transducers and effector: P53, Ku, Rad, ATM, BRCA1, MRE/N, ART

Answer 36

sensors: Ku, MRE/N, Rad Transducers: BRCA1, ART, ATM effector: p53

Question 37

Which main TLRs are associated with necroptosis? (2)

Answer 37

TLR3, TLR4

Question 38

What is the DISC?

Answer 38

Associated with extrinsic apoptosis, it is made of the death receptor, FADD and caspase 8, sometimes also caspase 10

Question 39

Bid links the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptoosis , and is activated by being cleaved by which caspase?

Answer 39

caspase 8

Question 40

What 2 factors compose the intrinsic tenase complex?

Answer 40

Factor VIII and Factor IX

Question 41

Which is the integrin affected by Glansman thrombasthenia?

Answer 41

GPIIb3a (binding of platelet to fibrinogen)

Question 42

Which coagulation factor is activated by NET

Answer 42

XII

Question 43

PAF does what: vasodilation, constriction or increased permeability

Answer 43

vasodilation and permeability

Question 45

which are the chronic proinflammatory cytokines?

Answer 45

IL4, IL12, IL13, IL17 (also acute), IFNgamma

Question 46

wha are the 3 components of the indirect link between platelets and neutrophils in NE activation? And the direct?

Answer 46

1. MAC-1, fibrinogen, GPIIb/IIIa 2. MAC-1, vwf, GPIb PSGL1 and P-selectin

Question 47

What does the RAGE receptor binds on neurophils?

Answer 47

HMGB1 (released by platelet)

Question 48

PF4 (released from platelets) binds to ________, then they bind to a G proein coupled receptor on neutrophils -> NET

Answer 48

CCL5

Question 49

Which protein induces citrullination of histones?

Answer 49

PAD4

Question 50

which is the most important groth factor for fibroblast migration and proliferation

Answer 50

TGF beta also remember that it inhibits MM2 (reduces breakdown of ECM)

Question 51

which is the most important growth factor for early angiogenesis?

Answer 51

VEGF A his receptor is VEGF R2 on endohelial cells, stimulates production of NO and migration/proliferation

Question 52

Which is pro vessel stabilization vs anti stabilisation/proremodeling: MMPs, PDGF, TGF-B, angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2

Answer 52

pro stabilization: angiopoietin 1 PDGF TGF beta anti stabilization angiopoietin 2 MMPs

Question 53

where does the phase 1 and phase 2 of metabolism of toxic substances occur? (which organelles/space)

Answer 53

phase 1 in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum phase 2 in the cytosol

Question 55

What is the role of EphB4 (receptor for Ephrin B2)?

Answer 55

Remodeling of new blood vessels

Question 56

Which molecule in low concentration is a vasodilator and in high concentration is a vasoconstrictor?

Answer 56

PAF

Question 57

Lipoxins: PMNs make them and _________ activate them

Answer 57

platelets

Question 58

Leucotriene C, D and E increase vascular permeability, cause bronchospasm and ______________

Answer 58

vasoconstriction