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Biology Year 8 > Autumn Term > Flashcards

Autumn Term Flashcards

1
Q

What do roots do?

A
  • Absorb nutrients and water

- Helps the plant stand up

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2
Q

What does the flower do?

A
  • It is for pollination

- Attracts insects

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3
Q

What does the leaf do?

A
  • It is used in photosynthesis, to make energy using the chlorophyll.
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4
Q

What does the stem do?

A
  • It holds up the plant

- It has xylem tissues that get the nutrients and water around the plant

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5
Q

What does the berry/ fruit do?

A
  • It holds seeds

- The seed probably travels further than pollen

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6
Q

What do thorns do?

A
  • They protect the plant from being eaten by animals
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7
Q

What is the plants structure like as a whole?

A

The plant is a complex structure that collaborates well with different parts of the plant in order to survive. All parts are linked together to provide nutrients, water and energy to all aspects of the plant.

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8
Q

What does the stomata do?

A

It allows gas exchange and water loss

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9
Q

What does the cuticle do?

A

It protects the leaf from infection and stops water loss without blocking light.

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10
Q

What does xylem tissue do?

A

It brings water and minerals around the plant.

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11
Q

What does the upper epidermis do?

A

It protects and is transparent to let light through for photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What does the guard cell do?

A

It changes the stomata’s shape.

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13
Q

What do the air spaces do?

A

They let carbon dioxide diffuse in the leaf.

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14
Q

What do the chloroplasts do?

A

They absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

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15
Q

What does the lower epidermis?

A

It protects the leaf from damage.

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16
Q

What does the spongey layer do?

A

It holds air spaces.

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17
Q

What does phloem do?

A

it transports sugars from the leaf to other parts of the plant.

18
Q

What does the palisade layer do?

A

It absorbs more light and increase the rate of photosynthesis

19
Q

What substance goes blue-black when iodine is added to it?

A

Starch

20
Q

What process makes starch?

A

Photosynthesis

21
Q

Is this true?

starch is made in the leaves that are photosynthesising. Photosynthesis only happens in the light.

A

True

22
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

It is where two parents are needed to produce a living species.

23
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

When only one parent is needed to produce a living organism.

24
Q

What part of the flower is the male reproductive organ?

A

Stamen

25
Q

What part of the flower is the female reproductive organ?

A

Carpel.

26
Q

What test do you do for photosynthesis?

A
  • You could test a leaf for starch.
  • If it was pond weed you could completely cover it in water, put it in sunlight and see whether there are any bubbles. To test whether it produces it oxygen, you can collect the gas, put a glowing splint and see whether it sets on fire.
27
Q

What do plants need in order to survive and reproduce?

A

They need:

  • Leaves for photosynthesis else the plant wouldn’t get much energy
  • Stem to stand up and transport nutrients else it would fall over and nutrients would stay where they were
  • Berries/flowers/fruit to reproduce or carry seeds else it can’t reproduce
  • Thorns/ protection to stop other animals eating it
  • Roots to stabilise or get nutrients and water else it would fall over and starve.
28
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

A
  • They contain lots of chloroplasts which are little packets containing chlorophyll, which traps light for photosynthesis. Most of the chloroplasts are close to the surface, where they can get the most amount of sunlight.
  • Leaves are broad so they have a large surface area to absorb light.
  • The underside of the leaf has lots of stomata, they allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out.
  • Air spaces in the leaf allow carbon dioxide to move around the leaf cells.
  • Leaves have a network of veins carrying water to the leaf cells to take away the glucose.
29
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen + water

Chlorophyll

30
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • Intensity of light
  • The amount of carbon dioxide
  • Temperature
  • Whether it is overcrowded
31
Q

How do you test the rate of photosynthesis?

A

You can see how many bubbles come with a certain amount of light at a certain distance and compare between plants.

32
Q

What is animal dispersal?

A

Animal dispersal is either where the fruit gets eaten, transported and then pooped out somewhere else by an animal, or where fruits hooks onto an animal until it comes off somewhere else.

33
Q

What is explosion dispersal?

A

Explosion dispersal is where the seeds get flicked, pushed, squirted and so on out to spread around.

34
Q

What is drop and roll dispersal?

A

This is where heavy fruits fall or drop of the plant, sometimes they smash when they hit the ground and the seed spill out or they could be carried far away by water or animals.

35
Q

What is insect pollination?

A

Insect pollination is where an insect is attracted to the plant and manages to stick to the insect, then go to another plant and get rubbed on the stigma.

36
Q

What is wind pollination?

A

Wind pollination is where the pollen from the stamen is transferred by the wind to another plant.

37
Q

What is self pollination?

A

This is where pollen is transferred from the stamen to the stigma on the same plant.

38
Q

What is cross pollination?

A

This is where pollen is transferred from the stamen of one plant to the stigma of a different plant. Cross pollination can involve insect pollination or wind pollination.

39
Q

Name some features of an insect pollinating plant

A
  • Bright colours on petals to attract the insect
  • Scented flowers with nectaries to feed the insect
  • Sticky stigma to take off the pollen that the insect has gathered from other plants.
40
Q

Name some features of a wind pollinating plant

A
  • Usually dull petals on the flower as it doesn’t need to attract insects
  • No scent
  • No nectaries
  • Feathery stigma to catch pollen as it is carried past in the wind

Biology Year 8 (2 decks)

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