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Question 1

what are the main features of the avian bones compared to mammals

Answer 1

main features of avian bones:

The cortex of the avian bone is much thinner

Avian bones are long bones and hollow

Avian bones have a high mineral content

Within the bones lightweight struts which create a honey comb interior which reinfources the bones. They are pneumatised

Question 2

what is the definition of pneumatised

Answer 2

bones filled with air contained in membranous air sacs that connect with the respiratory system. They are an extension of the air sacs

Question 3

what is the purpose of Pneumatised bones

Answer 3

makes the bird lighter

Question 4

what size of bones are Pneumatised

Answer 4

Pneumatised bones are usually larger

Question 5

why are Pneumatised bones usually larger

Answer 5

the larger bones are generally heivier therfor the bird becoms lighter

Question 6

what types of birds would not have Pneumatised bones?

Answer 6

flightless birds

diving birds

Question 7

what bird does not have any Pneumatised bones?

Answer 7

waders

Question 8

describe the sternum in avian skeletal systems

Answer 8

the sternum is extended to form a laterally flatterend keel to provide a large surface area for attachment of flight muscles. flightless birds do not have a keel

Question 9

what is a keel

Answer 9

the sternum

Question 10

describe the coracoid in avian skeletons

Answer 10

is a large bone that lies between the keel and shoulder bone. it counteracts the action of flight muscles and supporting wing.

Question 11

desribe the joints in avian skelitons

Answer 11

there are a reduced number of joints in an avian to provide a rigid trunk and aid the action of flght muscles

Question 12

how many cervicle vertibrate do avian necks have

Answer 12

between 11 and 24

Question 13

why would an avian neck contain 7 more vertibrea than mammals

Answer 13

a long neck allows flexibility and aids vision for survival, preen and to catch food.

Question 14

describe the beak

Answer 14

the beak replaces the teeth and reduces the weight of the skeliton. the shape of the beak redlects on the dies

Question 15

descrive the quadrate bone

Answer 15

its between mandible and skull makes jaw dislocation unlikely.

Question 16

describe craniofacial hinge

Answer 16

between the beak and skull increasing mobility of the beak during feeding.

Question 17

do birds have a urithra or bladder

Answer 17

nope

Question 18

what is another term for light

Answer 18

photoperiod

Question 19

what do birds need to breed

Answer 19

food availability
seasonal factor
increased photoperiod
available nesting materials
correct temperature

Question 20

what are 4 signs of stress ina bird

Answer 20

feather plucking
tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
open mouthed breathing
no longer trying to bite

Question 21

what does tchypnoea mean

Answer 21

abnormal rapid breathing

Question 22

what are some examples of behavioural problems in birds

Answer 22

feather plucking
agression
excess screaming

Question 23

what can cause behavioural problems in birds

Answer 23

proximity of cage

photoperion and light intensity

time out of cage

Question 23

what can cause behavioural problems in birds

Answer 23

proximity of cage

photoperion and light intensity

time out of cage

Question 24

how to weigh a bird

Answer 24

use a towel / purch / carrier to weigh body condition score

Question 25

what are the signs of illness

Answer 25

fluffing up anorexia excessive sleeping

Question 26

what could cause weight loss in birds

Answer 26

nutritional (lack of nutrition) endogenous (internal) (eg: infection) absorption of nutrients (eg:struggle to swallow) s

Question 27

As the minimum, avian accommodation should be large enough for the bird to:

Answer 27

spread and flap their wings in all directions jump from one perch to another climb thebars of the cage play with toys

Question 28

Describe the difference between a cage and aviary.

Answer 28

Cage usually has gapped wire all around and is a primary dwelling (usually indoors), whereas an aviary is a larger construction with an indoor, outdoor and flight area.

Question 29

Definition of Environmental Enrichment

Answer 29

Environmental enrichment is a concept which describes how the environments of captive animals can be changed for the benefit of the inhabitants