Avian Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Entire beak/bill (bone covered by keratin sheath)
A
Rostrum
2
Q
Ornamental appendages around the commissure of the rostrum on some chicken breeds
A
Ricti
3
Q
Name the three Patagia of the wing
A
Propatagium, Metapatagium, Postpatagium
4
Q
What is the name of the extra digit on male Galliforms above the hallux?
A
Spur/calcar
5
Q
Ear coverts
A
Auricular feathers
6
Q
Tail feathers of the peacock
A
Upper tail coverts
7
Q
Tail feathers
A
Retrices
8
Q
Undertail coverts
A
Crissum
9
Q
What is the name of the feather around the cloaca?
A
Cloacal circlet
10
Q
Leg feathers
A
Crural feathers
11
Q
Flight feathers
A
Remiges
12
Q
5 types of coverts
A
Greater, Median, Lesser, Marginal/wing, Alular
13
Q
Dorsal wing feathers?
A
Remiges, coverts, alula/alular quills, scapulars/humeral
14
Q
Ventral wing feathers?
A
remiges, coverts,
15
Q
Shaft of the feather
A
Rachis
16
Q
Quill part of the feather
A
Calamus
17
Q
Hole in the bottom of the feather
A
Inferior umbilicus
18
Q
Growing feather with a blood supply
A
blood feather
19
Q
newly emerged, incomplete blood feather
A
pin feather
20
Q
Found on either side of the rachis
A
vane
21
Q
______ attach to each ____ which attach to the rachis
A
Barbules, barb
22
Q
Barbules do not have hamuli and troughs
A
Plumaceous part
23
Q
Barbules end with hamuli and troughs
A
Pennaceous part
24
Q
All feathers that provide the body outline, rachis and vane
A
Contour feathers
25
Hidden under outer body feathers, base of wings, gradation toward totally plumaceous, help with insulation, rachis, downy vane, no hamuli
semiplumes
26
totally plumaceous vane, first feathers of hatchlings, under outer body feathers in adults, on papilla of uropygial gland, provide insulation, +/- rachis, small soft and fluffy, no hamuli
Down
27
Don't look like feathers, modified to grow from base and disintegrate from tip continuously, produces fine waxy powder spread over other feathers
powder/powder down feathers
28
sparsely located but always associated w/ contours, usually on nape and upper back, hair-like, barbs at tip, sensory feather, detect vibration in contours
filoplumes
29
What is the name for feather tracts v. no feather tracts?
Pterylae and Apteria
30
superior half of rhampotheca
rhinotheca
31
inferior half of rhampotheca
gnathotheca
32
Swollen sensitive area at base of bill/beak in some birds
Cere
33
Keratin flap in dorsal part of naris in chickens and turkeys
Operculum
34
In the adult, the remnant is Meckel's Diverticulum.
Yolk stalk
35
Avian platelets and neutrophils
thrombocytes and heterophils
36
Where do avian T lymphocytes mature? B lymphocytes?
Thymus, Bursa of Fabricus
37
Do birds have lymph nodes? What is the exception?
No, anseriformes
38
How many avian vena cavae are there? What are they?
3, Left cranial, right cranial, caudal
39
How many brachiocephalic arteries are there?
2, left and right
40
To what direction does the aortic arch in aves bend?
The RIGHT
41
Which side of the neck should be used for jugular venipuncture in a bird?
Right side
42
Where do the kidneys fit into the avian skeleton?
Renal fossa
43
What are the lobes of the avian kidney and what are their vascular boundaries?
```
Cranial lobe
Common iliac v.
Middle lobe
Ischiatic a. and v.
Caudal lobe
```
44
What are the two types of nephrons in aves and what is the main difference between them?
Reptilian nephrons (cortex) and Mammalian nephrons (medulla), reptilian do not have a loop of henle
45
Do birds have a urinary bladder? A urethra?
NO AND NO
46
Where do the ureters empty into?
urodeum
47
What are the 3 components of bird droppings and from where do they come?
Feces (colon), urine (kidneys), Uric acid (the white stuff)
48
What part of the cloaca do the ductus deferentia empty into?
The urodeum
49
Non-lymph filled phallus
Detumescent phallus
50
lymph filled phallus
tumescent phallus
51
Tumescent phallus which does not enter female
Non-intromittent
52
Tumescent phallus enters female
Intromittent
53
Birds (with the exception of the kiwi) have ovaries and oviducts on only one side. Which side?
Left side
54
What is bird sex called? (are you kidding me?)
cloacal kiss
55
Give each location and time frame of the egg through the oviduct.
INFUNDIBULUM-15 mins (fertilization, lubrication)
MAGNUM-3 hrs (Albumen)
ISTHMUS-1.25 hrs (shell membranes)
UTERUS-20-21 hrs (shell deposition, pigment)
VAGINA-few seconds (cuticle/bloom)
56
What is another word for precocial? What is the "opposite" of precocial? Which has more yolk in the egg?
Nidifugous, altricial, precocial has more yolk
57
The biological clock that sets the seasonal breeding patterns of birds, circadian
rhythms of locomotion, migration times & torporific states.
Pineal gland
58
What is the process which results in increased bone deposition on the struts of pneumatic bones about 10 days prior to laying? What hormones is it under the influence of?
Osteomyelosclerosis, estrogens (ovary) and androgens (adrenal)
59
What is the major function of the syrinx?
sound production
60
What are the 8 air sacs of chickens?
```
Cervical
Clavicular/interclavicular
Paired cranial thoracic
Paired caudal thoracic
Paired abdominal
```
61
The lungs function in _______. The air sacs function in ________.
Respiration, Ventilation
62
What bone is associated with the body of the tongue? The base?
Entoglossal, basihyal
63
What part of the hyoid apparatus is palpable on the ventral aspect of the jaw?
Epibranchial bone
64
Give the type of crop for each diet:
1. Insect eaters and grass eaters
2. fish eaters
3. simple diverticulum (condors & vultures)
4. grain and seed eating birds
1. No crop
2. Rudimentary
3. False crop
4. True crop
65
What are the two functions of the ceca?
Cellulose digestion and high bacterial content
66
What are the three compartments of the cloaca? In which lies the Bursa of Fabricus?
Corpdeum, Urodeum, Proctodeum, BOF is in Proctodeum on dorsal side in young birds. Also know corpurodeal fold and uroproctodeal fold
67
Where are owl pellets formed? What is the process of casting called? From where is the pellet cast?
Ventriculus, egestion, proventriculus
68
Do birds have a diaphragm?
FUCK NO
69
Surgical procedure resulting in bird's inability to fly, section part of extensor metacarpi radialis tendon or amputation of two digits.
Pinioning
70
What does the tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle travel through before inserting on the proximal dorsal humerus?
Triosseal canal
71
Fx of m. pectoralis
depresses the wing
72
Fx of m. supracoracoideus
elevates wing
73
Tenses the propatagium for controlling angle of life, extends carpus and digits and flexes elbow.
Propatagialis complex (long and short tendons)
74
Fx of major deltoid m.
pulls wing caudally and dorsally
75
Fx of triceps brachii m.
draws humerus caudally and helps maintain semi flexed position for flex gliding
76
fx of biceps brachii m.
flexor of elbow
77
The anconeus m. in mammals is the ______ in avian species?
Ectepicondyloulnaris m.
