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4-H Avian Bowl Study Guide > Avian Systems (Circulatory, Nervous, Excretory, Muscle, Skeleton) > Flashcards

Avian Systems (Circulatory, Nervous, Excretory, Muscle, Skeleton) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Avian Systems?

A

Circulatory, Nervous, Excretory, Muscle, Skeleton
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2
Q

A chicken’s heart is composed of how many chambers?

A

4
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3
Q

How many ventricles does a chicken have?

A

2
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4
Q

How many atria do chickens have?

A

2
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5
Q

What is the average BPM for a Leghorn Female?

A

About 350 BPM
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6
Q

What is the average BPM for a New Hampshire male?

A

About 250 BPM
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7
Q

What are the 6 functions of the Circulatory System?

A

Transport Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Metabolites, Hormones, Nutrients, and to aid in Temperature Regulation
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8
Q

What is the average chickens body temperature?

A

106 degrees
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9
Q

Where are the white and red blood cells formed?

A

In the spleen
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10
Q

What is unique about the chickens red blood cells?

A

They are nuculated

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11
Q

What is the definition of Nucleated?

A

With nucleus
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12
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system and the automatic nervous system
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13
Q

What is the CNS responsible for?

A

Voluntary actions such as movement or flight
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14
Q

What is the ANS responsible for?

A

Involuntary actions of the organs, intestines, blood vessels and glands
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15
Q

What is the primary function of the Nervous System?

A

To integrate the functions of the body
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16
Q

What are the functions of the Execretory System?

A

To excrete water and metabolic waste and to the acid-base balance in the birds body
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17
Q

What is the main organ of the Execretory System?

A

The kidney
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18
Q

What are the functional units of the kidney?

A

Nephrons
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19
Q

What is the primary component of poultry waste?

A

Uric acid
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20
Q

What is uric acid?

A

A white, pasty substance
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21
Q

What is the principle contractile organ that is responsible for movement?

A

Muscle
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22
Q

What are the three types on muscle in poultry?

A

Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal
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23
Q

Describe smooth muscle in poultry.

A

Controlled by the automatic nervous system, found in blood vessels, gizzard, intestines, and organs
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24
Q

Describe cardiac muscle in poultry.

A

Specialized muscle of the heart
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25
Q

Describe skeletal muscle in poultry.

A

Responsible for the shape of the bird and voluntary movement, makes up the edible portion of the carcass
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26
Q

What are the most valuable skeletal muscles on a poultry carcass?

A

Breast, thigh, and leg
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27
Q

Why is the skeletal system important?

A

The bird relies on it for support and for respiration and calcium transport.
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28
Q

What are some characteristics of a birds skeletal system?

A

Compact and lightweight, yet very strong. The tail and neck vertebrae are moveable, while the body vertebrae are fused together to give the body the strength to support the wing
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29
Q

What are the two special types of bones that make up the birds skeletal system?

A

Pneumatic and medullary
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30
Q

What are pneumatic bones?

A

Hollow bones that are connected to the bird’s respiratory system and are important for the bird to breathe
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31
Q

Examples of pneumatic bones include…

A

Skull, humerus, clavicle, keel (sternum), pelvic girdle, the lumbar and sacral vertebrae
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32
Q

What are medullary bones?

A

Bones that provide an important source of calcium to a laying hens
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33
Q

Examples of medullary bones include…

A

Tibia, femur, pubic bone, ribs, unla, toes, and scapula
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34
Q

What is the primary component of an egg shell?

A

Calcium
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35
Q

How much of a hens body calcium goes towards making an egg shell?

A

47%
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36
Q

Examples of medullary bones include…

A

Tibia, femur, pubic bone, ribs, ulna, toes, and scapula
Pg.40

4-H Avian Bowl Study Guide (6 decks)

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