aviation organizations

Question 1

What are aviation organizations?

Answer 1

Entities responsible for formulating and enforcing laws that ensure the safety and security of individuals/ organizations and set basic standards in aviation

Question 2

What are the two main levels of aviation organizations?

Answer 2

International and National

Question 3

What are the three international aviation organizations?

Answer 3

ICAO/ EASA/ IATA

Question 4

What is the national aviation organization called?

Answer 4

CAA

Question 5

When was ICAO established, how many members does it have, and what does it do?

Answer 5

1944
193 worldwide voluntary member states
Works with its member states on international civil aviation standards, such as personnel licensing, meteorological services, aeronautical charts, training requirements, aircraft accident investigations, and security

Question 6

When was EASA established, how many members does it have, and what does it do?

Answer 6

2002
32 member states/ mandatory for EU states/ voluntary for non-EU members like UK, Switzerland, Norway, and Iceland
Works with other international aviation organizations to facilitate EU specific regulatory requirements for the internal aviation single market

Question 7

What does CAA stand for, and what does it do?

Answer 7

Civil Aviation Authority
Operators need to comply with the regulations set by the UK CAA
Responsible for supervising whether the operator follows regulations and offering support such as issuing the Air Operator’s certificate, emitting attestations for the crew, reviewing and approving revisions of the manuals of the operator

Question 8

What is the theory of flight?

Answer 8

The faster an airplane moves, the more lift there is. When the force of lift is greater than the force of gravity, the airplane is able to fly, and because of thrust, the airplane is able to move forward in flight. Drag is the force that acts opposite to the direction of motion. It tends to slow an object. Drag is caused by friction and differences in air pressure

Question 9

What are all of the parts of an aircraft?

Answer 9

Fin, Rudder, Tail, Elevator, Tailplane/ Wing/ Hold/ Jet Engine/ Slat/ Fuselage/ Landing Gear/ Nose/ Flight Deck/ Cabin/ Flap/ Aileron

Question 10

What are the phases of flight?

Answer 10

Take off/ Climb/ Cruise/ Descent/ Landing

Question 11

What happens during take off?

Answer 11

The phase in which an aircraft goes through the transition from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually starting on the runway

Question 12

What happens during the climb?

Answer 12

Following take off, the aircraft has to climb to a certain altitude (typically 30,000 feet or 10km) before it can cruise at this altitude in a safe and economic way

Question 13

What happens during cruise?

Answer 13

The level portion of aircraft travel where flight is most fuel efficient. It occurs between ascent and descent and is usually the majority of a journey

Question 14

What happens during descent?

Answer 14

A descent is any portion where an aircraft decreases altitude. Descents are an essential component of an approach to landing

Question 15

What happens during landing?

Answer 15

The last part of a flight, where the aircraft returns to the ground

Question 16

What is the aviation alphabet and why is it important?

Answer 16

It is vital for crew members to understand each other over radio communication

A = Alpha
B = Bravo
C = Charlie
D = Delta
E = Echo
F = Foxtrot
G = Golf
H = Hotel
I = India
J = Juliet
K = Kilo
L = Lima
M = Mike
N = November
O = Oscar
P = Papa
Q = Quebec
R = Romeo
S = Sierra
T = Tango
U = Uniform
V = Victor
W = Whiskey
X = X-ray
Y = Yankee
Z = Zulu

Question 17

Who assigns the airport codes?

Answer 17

International Air Transport Association

Question 18

How is the three letter code determined on tickets?

Answer 18

Ensuring that it is unique/ not already in use
Could be assigned based on name of airport/ name of city
No two airports share the same IATA codes

Question 19

What are flight time limitations?

Answer 19

Rules set to ensure that the operating crew members are scheduled with adequate rest periods, so that flight safety is not decreased by crew fatigue, to prevent accidents from occurring

Question 20

What is UTC?

Answer 20

The standard time common to every place in the world, as it reflects the solar time along the Earth’s prime meridian

Question 21

When is UTC used, and what else is it known by?

Answer 21

Used in plane and ship navigation, where it is also known as Zulu time, in order to avoid confusion about time zones

Question 22

What time format is used in aviation and what are some examples?

Answer 22

24 hour clock, and time is recorded by numbers only, not am and pm (military time)
6:30 am = 0630
12:00 midday = 1200
12:15 midnight = 0015

Question 23

What does flight time mean?

Answer 23

The time between an aircraft first moving from its parking spot for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest on the designated parking position and all engines/propellers are switched off

Question 24

What does FDP stand for and describe?

Answer 24

Flight Duty Period
A period that commences when a crew member is required to report for duty, which includes a sector

Question 25

What is a duty period?

Answer 25

A period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for duty, and ends when that person is free of all duties, including post-flight duties

Question 26

What is stand-by?

Answer 26

Pre-notified/ defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning, or other duty without an intervening rest period

Question 27

What are the duties of cabin crew?

Answer 27

Monitoring situations inside/ outside the aircraft Assistance to special categories of passengers (passengers in custody/ medical cases/ deportees) Observation of passengers (mental or physical distress) Safe stowage of luggage Safety demonstrations Cabin secured checks Readiness to carry out emergency/ safety duties Awareness for emergency evacuations Decompression (checking passengers' safety whilst administering oxygen) Awareness in case of pilot incapacitation Security threats (bombs/ hijacks) Handling of dangerous goods

Question 28

What is a load sheet?

Answer 28

A document that includes all the calculations of mass and balance of the airplane based on seat allocation

Question 29

What does the load sheet show the weight of?

Answer 29

All passengers with division for male/ female/ infants Airplane with passengers on board Fuel Centre of gravity Number of passengers in each cabin zone Weight of baggage/ cargo in each cargo load

Question 30

How does the CAA define 'Able-bodied passengers'?

Answer 30

Passengers selected by crew members to assist in managing emergency situations if and as required

Question 31

What is the selection of ABP's (able-bodied passengers) based on?

Answer 31

Ability to understand and respond to instructions Physical abilities Ability to stay calm People travelling without friends and family

Question 32

What types of people make potential ABP's?

Answer 32

Deadheading crew member Military personnel Police personnel Fire personnel Doctors/ nurses

Question 33

What is a special category passenger and what can they not do?

Answer 33

A passenger who requires special conditions, assistance, or devices that require adaptation to their needs Special Category passengers shall not occupy seats that permit direct access to emergency exits, or where their presence could impede cabin crew from their duties, obstruct access to the emergency equipment, or impede evacuation of the aircraft

Question 34

What does PRM stand for, and who qualifies?

Answer 34

Passenger with Reduced Mobility Wheelchair passengers Deaf/ blind passengers Incapacitated passengers Passengers requiring therapeutic oxygen Passengers with medical equipment Mentally disabled passengers

Question 35

What does WCHR stand for and describe?

Answer 35

Wheel Chair Ramp A passenger able to walk by themselves inside the plane, and up and down stairs, but who requires a wheelchair to move long distances inside the airport

Question 36

What does WCHS stand for and describe?

Answer 36

Wheel Chair Stairs Passenger able to walk by themselves inside the plane, but not able to go up or down stairs, and who requires a wheelchair to move long distances inside the airport

Question 37

What does WCHC stand for and describe?

Answer 37

Wheel Chair Cabin Completely immobile passenger, requiring assistance to board and exit the aircraft