AVIATION SAFETY Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
It means the state of an
aviation system or organization in which risks
associated with aviation activities, related
to, or in direct support of the operation of
aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an
acceptable level.
A
Aviation safety
2
Q
It encompasses the
theory, practice, investigation, and
categorization of flight failures, and the
prevention of such failures through
regulation, education, and training.
A
Aviation safety
3
Q
It can be applied in the context of
campaigns that inform the public as to the
safety of air travel.
A
Aviation safety
4
Q
It is the state in which the possibility of harm
to persons or of property damage is
reduced to, and maintained.
A
Safety
5
Q
It is a dynamic characteristic of the aviation system.
A
Safety
6
Q
The Evolution of Safety : 3 Eras
A
The technical era
The human factors era
The organizational era
7
Q
early 1900s until the late 1960s
A
Technical Era
8
Q
The focus of safety endeavors was
therefore placed on the investigation and
improvement of technical factors.
A
During TECHNICAL ERA
9
Q
In what year did technological improvements led to a gradual decline in the frequency of
accidents, and safety processes were
broadened to encompass regulatory
compliance and oversight?
A
1950s
10
Q
early 1970s until the mid-1990s
A
Human Factors Era
11
Q
In the early 1970s, the frequency of
aviation accidents was significantly
reduced due to major technological
advances and enhancements to safety
regulations.
A
During HUMAN FACTORS ERA
12
Q
It was first acknowledged that individuals operate in a complex environment, which includes multiple factors having the potential to
affect behavior.
A
Early 1990s
13
Q
mid-1990s to the present day
A
Organization Era
14
Q
safety began to be viewed from a systemic
perspective
A
During ORGANIZATION ERA
15
Q
an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft
that take place between the intention of
flight and the time all such (occupancy and
non-occupancy) suffer a fatal or serious
injury or the AIRCRAFT RECEIVE A SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE.
A
ACCIDENT
16
Q
an occurrence other than
accident with the operation of an aircraft
that could affect the safety operation.
A
INCIDENT
17
Q
the freedom of hazard, the
absence of risk.
A
SAFETY
18
Q
the probability that an event
will occur.
A
RISK
19
Q
an event not involving
damage or injury but with the potential for
damage or injury for occurs.
A
HAZARD
20
Q
the act of preventing
ask by some prior to action or by interposing
an obstacle or impendent.
A
PREVENTIONS
21
Q
Precaution – a measure taken before
hand against possible danger or failure.
A
PRECAUTION
22
Q
ability to obtain whole
burden headed fellowship for a hidden
force of action.
A
LEADERSHIP
23
Q
be having correct
toward common good or goal.
A
FELLOWSHIP
24
Q
4 Accident Categories
A
Major Accident
Severe Accident
Injury Accident
Damage Accident
25
it is defined as an
aviation accident in which aircraft
was destroyed
Major Accident
26
it is defined as an
aviation accident in which there was
one fatality without substantial
damage to the aircraft or there was
at least one serious injury and the
aircraft was substantially damage.
Severe Accident
27
This type of accident is
defined as non - fatal accident with
at least one serious injury and without
substantially damage to the aircraft.
Injury Accident
28
It is defined as an
accident in which no person was
killed or serious injury but in which
aircraft was substantially damaged.
Damage Accident
29
Accident happen in which people may be:
Injured
Serious Injury
Inhalation of toxic gases or liquids
Electric Shocks
Corrosive Burns
Wounds or Cuts
Bone Fractures
Fatal Injury
Substantial Damage
30
Damage for
structural failure that negatively
affects aircraft structural strength,
performance of flying characteristics,
and which would require significant
repair or replacement of the affected
component or system.
Substantial Damage
30
this kind of injury that
causes death and makes a person’s
unconscious.
Fatal Injury
31
4 Kinds of Accident
Near Mild Air Collision
Runway Collision
In Flight Fire
Flight Critical Failure
32
the term critical
is subject to various interpretation
some examples are control system,
malfunction and engine failure.
Flight Critical Failure
33
merely refer to its smoke
event that can cause to a time
critical situation that demands
immediate action
In Flight Fire
34
It is an act of
instance of colliding encounter
between two aircraft resulting in
exchange or transformation of
energy.
Runway Collision
35
It is an
accident where two or more aircraft
come into unplanned contact during
flight.
Near Mild Air Collision
36
It is a statement of the organization’s
fundamental approach to achieve
acceptable or tolerable safety”.
Safety Policy
37
SMS
Safety Management System
38
It is considered the foundation of the Safety
Management System (SMS) established by
an operator/service provider.
Organizational Safety Policy
39
It is afforded highest priority in the
service provision.
Safety
40
Normally it is a written
document that describes the generic
principles upon which the SMS is built and
operated.
Safety Policy
41
It is a declaration of the overall safety objective of the organization.
Policy statement
42
It sets the general direction
and aspirations for improved safety
performance
Policy statement
43
7 Basic Safety Principles
Commitment to safety principle
Safety responsibility principle
Safety management principle
Safety standards principle
Safety achievement principle
Safety Promotion principle
Safety Policy
44
It typically includes a statement about the
commitment of the organization’s senior
management to ensure that all aspects of
service provision meet the safety
performance targets.
Commitment to safety principle
45
It is declared the
highest priority of the organization.
Safety
46
It requires that all staff of the organization
have individual responsibility for their own
actions in respect to safety, and that
management is responsible for the safety
performance of the organization.
Safety responsibility principle
47
It is an important
prerequisite for proactive SMS
implementation
Planning for safety
48
It confirms the commitment to an explicit and
proactive approach to safety by means of
a formal SMS implementation.
Safety management principle
49
It includes the organizational aspects of SMS and
requires that a safety management
structure with associated roles and
responsibilities is established within the
organization.
Safety management principle
50
It ensures the compliance with the
applicable safety regulatory requirements
and the organization’s aspiration to adopt
internationally recognized safety standards
and best practices in safety management.
Safety standards principle
51
It requires that means, processes, procedures
and resources are used by the organization
(e.g. risk assessment, occurrence reporting
and investigation, etc.) to satisfy the high -
level safety objective and safety
performance targets.
Safety achievement principle
52
It ensures that safety lessons and key
messages are disseminated throughout the
organization, communication of safety
issues is encouraged and changes are
systematically made to improve safety.
Safety Promotion principle
53
It is typically written
and documented under the authority of the
highest level of management of the
organization, approved by the State’s
regulator and communicated to all staff of
the organization.
Safety Policy
54
It seeks to proactively mitigate safety risks before theyresult in aviation accidents and incidents.
Safety management
55
It is commonly understood as applying a set of principles, framework, processes and measures to prevent accidents, injuries and other
adverse consequences that may be
caused by using a service or a product
Safety management
56
It is that function which exists to assist managers in better discharging their responsibilities for operational system design and implementation.
Safety management
57
SSP
State Safety Program
58
It combined with the SMSs of its service
providers, systematically addresses safety
risks, improves the safety performance of
each service provider, and collectively,
improves the State’s safety performance
State Safety Program (SSP)
59
It is on safety of flights encompassing also all associated and support services, which can have an impact on safety.
Primary Focus of Safety Management
60
It is a systematic approach to managing
safety, including the necessary
organizational structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures.
Safety Management System (SMS)
61
The state in which the
possibility of harm to persons or property
damage is reduced to, and maintained at
or below, an acceptable level through a
continuing process of hazard identification
and safety risk management.
Safety
62
Allocation of resources.
Management
63
Organized set of processes and procedures
System
64
4 Components to Successfully Develop, Manage, and Evolve Safety
Safety Policy
Safety Risk Management
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
65
It provides the framework for safety. Establishes
management commitment, identifies
key players, roles and responsibilities.
Establishes the target and
acceptable levels of safety.
Safety Policy
66
It documents the identification,
assessment and mitigation of safety
hazards. Documents the
acceptance of risk associated with a
change.
Safety Risk Management
67
It collects and evaluates safety data to continuously
monitor the effectiveness of safety risk
mitigations and identify new hazards.
Safety Assurance
68
Creates a positive safety culture and improves
employee buy-in through training
and promotion
Safety Promotion
69
7 Safety Data: Collection and Quality
Validity
Completeness
Consistency
Accessibility
Timeliness
Security
Accuracy
70
Data collected are
acceptable as per established
criteria for their intended use.
Validity
71
No relevant data are missing
Completeness
72
the extent to which
measurement of a given parameter is
consistent can be reproduced and
avoids error
Consistency
73
Data are readily
available for analysis.
Accessibility
74
Data are relevant to the
time period of interest and available
promptly.
Timeliness
75
Data are protected from
inadvertent or malicious alteration.
Security
76
Data are error-free
Accuracy
77
3 Analytical Methods and Tools
Statistical Analysis
Trend Analysis
Normative Comparisons
78
It sampling of
real-world experience under similar
operating conditions.
Normative Comparisons
79
predictions may be
made about future events by
monitoring trends in safety data.
Trend Analysis
80
It may yield powerful information regarding
the significance of certain trends,
data quality and analytical methods
must be carefully considered to avoid
reaching erroneous conclusions.
Statistical Analysis
81
3 Safety Management Strategies
Reactive Method
Proactive Method
Predictive Method
82
It responds to the
events that already happened, such
as incidents and accidents.
Reactive Method
83
It looks actively for
the identification of safety risks
through the analysis of the
organization’s activities.
Proactive Method
84
It captures system
performance as it happens in real time normal operations
Predictive Method
85
3 Different Types of Hazards
Natural Hazards
Technical Hazards
Economics Hazards
86
It is to identify and warn workers who may
be exposed to hazards in the workplace.
Safety Signage
87
It can assist in the communication of important
instructions, reinforce safety messages and provide instruction for emergency situations.
Safety Sign
88
They help to indicate various
hazards that present in plant site or workplace
Safety signs and symbols
89
Safety communicating tools
Safety signs and symbols
90
It consist of messages,
words and pictorial symbol with variety of sizes,
shapes and colors.
Safety signs and symbols
91
Indicates caution or warning
Triangle Sign
Yellow Sign
92
Mandatory or recommended action
Shows a particular action or behavior
Circle Sign
Blue Sign
93
Shows information (general & emergency infos)
Designates areas for emergency devices or emphasize unsafe or forbidden actions
Square or Rectangle Sign
Red Sign
94
across the middle from the upper left to the lower right: points out forbidden or prohibited actions.
Circle with a 45° diagonal slash
95
designates the location of emergency measures or equipment
Green Sign
96
It is any object, particle, substance, debris or
agent that is not where it is supposed to be
Foreign Object Debris
97
Damage that compromises the quality, functionality or economic value of a manufactured item
Foreign Object Damage
98
A substance, debris or article alien to a vehicle or system which would potentially cause damage.
Foreign Object Debris
99
Damage attributed to a foreign object that can be expressed in physical or economic terms which may or may not degrade the product’s required safety and/or performance characteristics
Foreign Object Damage
100
3 Main Areas that require Specific Attention
Runway FOD
Taxiway / Apron FOD
Maintenance FOD
101
the greatest potential of causing damage.
Runway FOD
102
type of FOD may seem less harmful than the previous one
Taxiway / Apron FOD
103
this relates to various objects, that are used
in maintenance activities and can
cause damage to aircraft
Maintenance FOD
104
It can lead to improved
quality, an environment that ensures continuing
worker and aircraft safety, and a more involved and responsible work force.
Human factors awareness
105
It directly cause or contribute to many aviation
accidents.
Human factors
106
They have grown increasingly popular as the commercial aviation
industry realize that human error, rather than
mechanical failure, underlies most aviation
accidents and incidents.
Human factors
107
10 ELEMENTS OF HUMAN FACTORS
Clinical Psychology
Experimental Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Educational Psychology
Computer Science
Cognitive Science
Medical Science
Safety Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Anthropometrics
108
Purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or DYSFUNCTION
*mental well being
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
109
study of a variety of basic behavioral processes
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
110
concerned with relations between people and work
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
111
study how people learn and design the methods and materials
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
112
study of the theoretical foundations of information and computations and of practical techniques
COMPUTER SCIENCE
113
big role in the design of aviation maintenance facilities, storage containers
*LIFE-CRITICAL SYSTEM BEHAVES
SAFETY ENGINEERING
113
variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health
*SCIENCE AND ART OF HEALING
MEDICAL SCIENCE
113
interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processor
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
114
organized approach to the study
important for supervisors to set reasonable work standards
beneficial to have an EFFECTIVE FACILITY LAYOUT
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
115
study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body
ANTHROPOMETRICS
116
The PEAR Model
PEOPLE who do the job
ENVIRONMENT in which they work
ACTIONS they perform
RESOURCES necessary to complete the job
117
It is defined as a human action with unintended consequences.
Human error
118
2 TYPES OF ERRORS
1. UNINTENTIONAL ERROR
2. INTENTIONAL ERROR
119
It is an unintentional
wandering or deviation from accuracy.
UNINTENTIONAL ERROR
120
It should really be considered a violation.
INTENTIONAL ERROR
121
2 KINDS OF ERRORS
ACTIVE ERROR
LATENT ERROR
122
It is the specific individual activity that is an obvious event.
ACTIVE ERROR
123
It is the company issues that lead up to the event.
LATENT ERROR
124
12 Dirty Dozen
Lack of Communication
Lack of Teamwork
Lack of Assertiveness
Lack of Knowledge
Lack of Resources
Lack of Awareness
Complacency
Fatigue
Stress
Distractions
Pressure
Norms
125
can result in sub-optimal, incorrect or faulty maintenance
LACK OF COMMUNICATION
126
unware of actual danger or deficiencies
COMPLACENCY
127
catastrophic results
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
128
disrupt the procedure
skips over a detail that needs attention
DISTRACTION
129
teamwork is required in aviation maintenance
LACK OF TEAMWORK
130
reduces a person's ability to focus and hold attention
*REDUCES ALERTNESS
FATIGUE
131
lack of supply and support
LACK OF RESOURCES
132
can affect the capabilities of maintenance workers to get the job done right
PRESSURE
133
production of manner and should NOT BE confused with being aggressive
LACK OF ASSERTIVENESS
134
failure to recognize all the consequences of an action or LACK OF FORESIGHT
LACK OF AWARENESS
135
usually developed to solve problems that have ambiguous solutions
NORMS
136
causes of stress
STRESSOR
137
JTA
Job Task Analysis
