Avionics Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Describe Modular Avionics Units
(MAUs).
A
They’re the main computers and
processors that control most avionics
related applications on aircraft.
Ref: Gulfstream Symmetry 2B-01-10
2
Q
Which display units (DUs) are
referred to as Multifunction Displays
(MFDs)?
A
DU #2 and #3
3
Q
What part display is cursor restricted
from entering?
A
ADI; otherwise, it can move anywhere in
a display window on its associated DUs
4
Q
What happens if both cursors are
selected to the same DU?
A
Last active cursor has exclusive control in
making selections within the display in
which both cursors reside.
5
Q
What’s the purpose of Guidance
Panel?
A
It provides most of controls for operation
of Automatic Flight Control System
(AFCS).
6
Q
What does an amber MAG2 indicate
on both PFD’s?
A
It alerts the crew that both pilots are using
same source for heading information: in
this case, IRS #2.
7
Q
What does an amber RA2 indicate on
both PFD’s?
A
It alerts the crew that both pilots’ flight
instruments are receiving radio altimeter
data from same source.
8
Q
What’s the purpose of 121.5 EMER
guarded physical switch located on
side wall above oxygen mask?
A
Enables selection of emergency frequency
for total TSC failure.
9
Q
What happens with selection of Call
Inhibit?
A
Prevents GCMS related messages from
displaying on CAS display
10
Q
What’s the normal location of primary
engine instruments?
A
DU2 upper
11
Q
What’s the normal location of CAS
display?
A
DU3 upper
12
Q
What’s the restriction on selection of
full windows on DU2 and DU3?
A
Cannot be selected on both DU2 and DU3
at the same time
13
Q
What functions are available with
Phase-Of-Flight (POF) presets?
A
They can be selected, stored, and reset
14
Q
What’s the source of HUD symbols?
A
HUD computer
15
Q
What’s the source of the EVS image?
A
EVS camera, unlike the HUD, uses
infrared technology and is optimized to
detect runway lighting.
16
Q
How should cloth cover be removed
from combiner?
A
Rockwell Collins recommends removing
cloth cover after moving combiner to
operating position. In like fashion, they
recommend reattaching cloth cover before
moving combiner to stow position.
17
Q
How would you know you haven’t
placed combiner in correct operating
position?
A
“ALIGN HUD” message appears on
combiner display. If this occurs, carefully
reposition combiner glass and allow it to
snap into detents. Don’t use HUD if
“ALIGN HUD” message continues to be
displayed.
18
Q
Why does combiner have a breakaway
position?
A
It’s a safety feature that allows combiner
glass to rotate toward windscreen with
head impact and lock in place during
sudden aircraft deceleration. This
minimizes head injury.
19
Q
What do top “T” and bottom inverted
“T” represent on combiner during
HUD Press and Hold test?
A
Upper and lower limit of data displayed
on HUD
20
Q
What’s the primary symbol used to
control aircraft with the HUD?
A
Flight Path Vector (FPV)
21
Q
What does Aircraft Reference symbol
(or Boresight symbol) represent on
HUD?
A
Projected centerline of aircraft (boresight)
22
Q
What’s the difference between HUD
uncaged and caged modes?
A
In UNCAGED mode, FPV is free to roam
horizontally and vertically. In CAGED
mode, FPV is free to move vertically;
however, it’s locked in horizontal center.
In CAGED mode, FPV indicates plane’s
heading and ghost FPV represents track.
In UNCAGED mode, boresight represents
heading and FPV represents track.
Ref: Gulfstream Symmetry 2B
23
Q
HUD symbols are described as being
either conformal or non-conformal.
What’s the difference?
A
Conformal symbol has real-world
counterpart (e.g., the horizon line
represents the horizon degree for degree).
Altitude dial is considered non-conformal
since it doesn’t represent anything in real
world.
24
Q
Why does horizon line flash on HUD
at nose high and nose low attitudes?
A
To indicate non-conformity
25
How do you know when EVS image
is available for display?
FLIR flashes in upper left portion of
combiner after cool down and then goes
steady. Cool down normally takes 10-15
minutes but can take longer if aircraft is
hot soaked.
26
What is NUC?
NUC stands for Non-Uniformity
Correction. It’s a calibration process that
results in cleaner picture and occurs
during camera power-up, flaps selected
from 0° to 10°, or manual NUC selected.
27
Describe the three (3) different levels
of EVS camera gain.
AUTO, H for high, and L for low. Select
AUTO if you want camera to
automatically adjust gain, H for low
visibility, and L for night VMC or day
with smog. Indications of your selection
appear on upper left portion of combiner:
EVS A for AUTO, EVS H for high, or
EVS L for low.
28
How is heat depicted on EVS image?
Hotter items from IR camera are depicted
as lighter while items with less heat are
depicted as darker
29
Describe some factors that affect EVS
performance.
M-Misalignment
B-Blooming
T-Thick clouds
T- Thermal Crossover
30
How can you increase chances of
seeing approach and runway lights
with EVS in low visibility?
Make sure lights are set to full bright prior
to commencing the approach and select
high gain
31
What are requirements for descending
below DA/DH or MDA with EVS?
You need EFVS lights to descend below
DA/DH or MDA and you need visual cues
without the aid of EFVS at 100 ft above
TDZE in order to continue and land unless
qualified under FAR 91.176 (a) to
continue and land with EFVS in lieu of
natural vision.
32
Flight director or autopilot with
vertical guidance is required for all
IMC EVS approaches. Straight-in
approaches to an MDA (using FMS
vertical path) or DA/DH are
authorized. How do you determine if
obstacle-free path is present?
Runway is served by an approach to
Decision Altitude (DA).
33
At what altitude does airport symbol
normally appear on HUD?
2000’ above airport
34
When does runway symbol replace
the airport symbol?
At 350 ft RA, runway symbol joins airport
symbol and at 325 ft RA, airport symbol
disappears. Runway symbol is removed
from display at 60 ft RA.
35
When does flare cue appear?
100 ft; it moves upward as aircraft
approaches the ground and provides flare
guidance
36
What is provided on HUD unusual
attitude display to prevent you from
over stressing the aircraft during
recovery?
G-load digital readout
37
What is RNP?
Required nav performance: accuracy in
NM required for navigation in the area the
aircraft is flying and affects CDI
sensitivity (i.e., lower RNP equates to
greater CDI sensitivity).
38
What is EPU?
Estimated position uncertainty: calculated
estimate of accuracy of navigation
equipment aboard aircraft. If EPU > RNP,
numbers are highlighted by cautionary
amber overlay and CDI needle turns
amber
39
What does magenta dashed line
extending from nose of aircraft to
compass arc represent on map
display?
IRS track vector
40
How do you know if a chart is geo-referenced?
A white or green icon appears in right
corner of chart’s title bar which enables
aircraft’s actual position (displayed as
green airplane symbol) to be displayed
41
What color messages can be scrolled
off the CAS display?
Amber, blue and white: red can only be
scrolled out of view to show other red
messages
42
What happens when a red or amber
CAS message becomes active?
Message displays in inverse video, aural
alert sounds (i.e., three chimes for red or
two for amber), and respective
annunciator on master warning panel
illuminates (i.e., red WARN for red or
amber CAUT for amber). When
annunciator/button is pushed on master
warning panel, annunciator extinguishes,
tone silences, and message displays
normally. If there are red messages
already on CAS display when new red
message becomes active, new message
displays at top of red message stack. If
there are amber messages already on CAS
display when new amber message
becomes active, new message displays at
top of amber message stack.
43
What happens when a blue CAS
message becomes active?
Message flashes for five (5) seconds and
then displays normally, and blue message
aural alert is sounded (one chime). No
pilot action is required to acknowledge
blue messages: you get one (1) chime
only. If there are blue messages already on
CAS display when new blue message
becomes active, new message displays at
top of blue message stack.
44
What happens when a white status
message becomes active?
Message displays similar to blue CAS
message but there’s no chime
45
What are the two (2) types of
automatic CAS message filters?
Takeoff and Landing, and Power up
46
When would pilot’s PFD
automatically be placed onto DU #2?
Failure of DU #1 (or respective AGM)
47
When would copilot’s PFD
automatically be placed onto DU #3?
Failure of DU #4 (or respective AGM)
48
What would a big red X indicate on a
DU?
Loss of data (i.e., failure of associated
AGM)
49
What would be indicated if DU had a
black display?
Failed or unpowered
50
What’s the purpose of DU switches?
Allows dispatch with single AGM failed
51
With airplane on ground, if AGM 1, 2
or 4 fails, selecting the corresponding
display system control switch to ALT
position causes what to occur?
There’s a rearrangement of AGM to DU
architecture, DU associated with failed
AGM receives graphics, and red X is
placed on DU 3.
52
Which displays are considered most
important?
PFDs are considered most important
followed by primary engine display and
CAS
53
If DU1 fails and is subsequently
regained by performing Display Unit
(DU) Failure procedure, PFD comes
back on DU1 and also remains
displayed on DU2. How can you
unlatch the display and regain your
map or synoptic?
In flight, you’ll need to press DU Unlatch
(OHPTS>DU Ctrl / Test)
54
What occurs when AUTO is selected
on flight guidance panel?
Both AP and AT engage: one channel of
autopilot connects to autopilot system
servos that move side stick, and one
channel of autothrottle connects to
autothrottle system servos that move
power levers.
55
What tone is associated with autopilot
disengagement?
LO/HI/LO triple tone
56
With AP engaged, what happens when
PFD SRC switch is pressed on flight
guidance panel?
Lateral and vertical modes change to ROL
and FPA; autopilot remains engaged.
57
During ILS approach below 1200 feet
RA, both green triangles illuminate
above PFD SRC switch. What does
this indicate?
Both navigation receivers’ data is being
averaged
58
Describe methodology behind flight
mode annunciations on the PFD.
In all cases, a green mode annunciation
(right side of mode window) indicates a
particular mode is engaged, while a white
mode annunciation (left side of mode
window) indicates a particular mode is
armed only. Whenever mode transitions
from armed to engaged, mode is
surrounded by green box for five (5)
seconds to alert crew that a mode is
engaged.
59
What must the source of navigation be
when selecting VNAV?
Since all VNAV vertical modes are based
on FMS altitude and/or constraints, FMS
must be the selected NAV source.
60
What is FLCH mode?
In all cases FLCH modes are speed hold
modes (IAS or MACH), meaning the
aircraft changes pitch to maintain speed
displayed in FGPs speed window.
61
How does climb or descent rate vary
with FLCH?
It’s based on the magnitude of altitude
change commanded.
62
What’s the recommended technique
when given a heading?
Sync the heading knob, select heading
mode, and then spin heading knob
63
When VGP is engaged vertical mode,
what’s the effect of any altitude set in
FGP’s altitude preselect window?
It’ll be ignored by AFCS similar to an ILS
approach
64
How is GP altitude preselect window
depicted on VSD?
As green dashed line across the display
and digital readout in upper left corner of
the display
65
What happens when ALTITUDE
HOLD button is pressed?
If ALT not active, vertical mode is
immediately changed to ALT, green cue
light illuminates and altitude that existed
at the instant the button was pressed is
held. If ALT is active, ALT hold is
deselected and aircraft goes into FPA
mode.
66
When is retard mode activated?
Radio altitude < 50 feet with gear down
67
What’s the indication of normal AT
disengagement?
AT1 or AT2 flashes amber for five (5)
seconds along with an aural tone (i.e.,
LO/LO/LO triple tone)
68
True/False: GPS is capable of SBAS
signals which enables GVII to execute
Localizer Performance with Vertical
Guidance (LPV) approaches.
True
69
What are long range position sensors
on GVII?
Two (2) GPSs and three (3) IRUs. Hybrid
IRSs are primary source of navigation
input to FMS: they receive GPS input
which greatly improves accuracy and
reduces drift rate. If both GPSs fail or
entire GPS network goes down, FMS uses
performance based sensor selection
scheme to select best performing sensor.
70
What are the primary short-range
position sensors on GVII?
VOR/DME and DME/DME
71
Where is the navigation mode
displayed on TSC?
Pos Sensors page of FMS
72
What kind of information do IRUs
provide?
Position, velocity, heading and attitude
data
73
What would an amber HDG or ATT
comparator warning indicate on your
PFD?
Heading or attitude different from other
pilot’s
74
What would red HDG FAIL and red
ATT FAIL annunciations indicate on
PFD?
IRS failure
75
What’s the default heading and
attitude reference for each SFD?
Attitude / Heading Reference System
(AHRS) unit and magnetometer: attitude
from AHRS and heading from
magnetometer
76
What’s the source of air data to SFDs?
ADS 4 is direct wired to SFDs; however,
other air data systems are selectable
Ref: Gulfstream Symmetry 2B
77
Describe purpose of Air Data System
(ADS).
It measures pressure and temperature of
outside air and supplies this data to using
systems. Processed air data provided by
ADCs include things like pressure
altitude, calibrated airspeed, vertical
speed, true airspeed, mach number, AOA,
and side slip.
78
Why are TAT probes aspirated by
bleed air on ground?
To improve accuracy of temperature
readings
79
Describe some features of the GVII’s
weather radar.
It controls antenna scan, collects weather
and terrain info, and stores it in 3-D
memory. Some operational modes include
ground mapping, turbulence detection and
predictive windshear feature.
80
What is primary and secondary
weather and how is it depicted?
Primary weather is weather along flight
path or flight plan altitude: depicted in
solid colors. Secondary weather is weather
outside of flight path or flight plan
altitude: depicted with cross hatching.
Ref: Gulfstream Symmetry 2B
81
What’s the best policy regarding
thunderstorms?
Avoiding thunderstorms is the best policy.
Avoid by at least 20 miles any
thunderstorm identified as severe or
giving an intense radar echo.
82
What color is turbulence displayed on
weather radar?
Magenta
83
What happens when Ground Override
is selected?
This mode overrides forced standby and
allows operation of radar on ground: it’s
deselected airborne
84
True/False: If WX is selected and
there’s a terrain threat, EGPWS
displays threats on map and on PFD,
regardless of previous display
selection.
True
85
How is predicted windshear
displayed?
By a series of red and black bands in area
of windshear event followed by
searchlights (amber lines outside of black
lines) extending from far edge of
windshear event on each side and to the
edge of WX data buffer
86
What does the EGPWS use to predict
potential conflicts between aircraft
flight path and terrain?
Internal worldwide terrain database along
with geographic position information
87
Where can terrain be displayed?
On PFD and/or map (including VSD)
88
What are the two VSD terrain display
modes?
Terrain under Flight Plan and Terrain
under Track. When VSD mode is Terrain
under Track, green TRACK is displayed
below horizontal axis of display. When
mode is Terrain under Flight Plan, green
FPLN is displayed.
89
What’s the relative elevation of terrain
depicted in red or yellow?
At or above aircraft’s altitude.
90
Caution look ahead distance is
computed from aircraft ground speed
and turn rate to provide advanced
warning and adequate time for crew
response. Depending on situation, this
distance roughly corresponds to how
many seconds of advance warning?
40 to 60
91
What’s the difference between amber
and red WINDSHEAR warnings?
Amber WINDSHEAR is for proverse
(increasing performance) windshear. Red
WINDSHEAR is for adverse (decreasing
performance) windshear condition.
92
What’s the difference between amber
GND PROX and red PULL UP icons
displayed on PFD?
Amber GND PROX displays when
aircraft is approaching terrain in unusual
manner or at excessive rate whereas red
PULL UP displays when GPWS senses
closure on rising terrain ahead.
93
What is Windshear / CFIT vertical
escape maneuver?
1. AP / AT: Disconnect
2. Pitch: Smoothly increase using up to
full aft stick (30° pitch maximum)
3. Power Levers: Full forward
4. Once safe climb out is assured: Retract
gear / flaps
94
Selecting GPWS Inhibit inhibits all
GPWS aural warnings except for
what?
Windshear
95
In what kind of situation would you
select GPWS Inhibit?
While flying day VFR approach in areas
of high terrain
96
What callouts are inhibited with
selection of the Rad Alt Inhibit?
GPWS Mode 6 advisory callouts of
altitudes during approach and landing
except for “minimums” and “bank angle”
97
When would you select GPWS Flap
Inhibit?
In accordance with checklist: to inhibit
GPWS voice alarm, “TOO LOW,
FLAPS.”
98
Where can traffic be displayed?
Three places: HSI, map and traffic
synoptic page
99
What’s the normal TCAS vertical
display range?
Auto range is ±2700’, +9900’/-2700’ for
climbing & +2700’/-9900’ for descending
100
What’s the meaning of the color
yellow on flight plan page?
To waypoint
101
What does RTA stand for?
Select Required Time of Arrival (RTA)
from FMS Task Menu then monitor RTA
Prog from Flight Progress.
102
What does BTMS stand for?
Enable or disable Brake Temperature
Monitoring System (BTMS) from AC Cfg
radio button under Perf Takeoff tab of
FMS menu. Power-up default is Enabled.
Disabling BTMS withholds brake
temperature information from FMS.
103
Why does approach speed default to
Vref + 5 knots?
Accounts for the common 10 knot
headwind and turbulence
104
Under what FMS tab would you find
Unit Conversion?
Tools
105
What are the limitations associated
with navigation database?
Verify currency. If out of date, verify
latitude / longitude of each waypoint
during flight. A current database is
required in order to fly any approach
procedure using the FMS.
