AWL - Ultimate Flashcards

Question

confer (v.)

Answer 1

verb verb: confer; 3rd person present: confers; past tense: conferred; past participle: conferred; gerund or present participle: conferring 1. grant (a title, degree, benefit, or right). "the Minister may have exceeded the powers conferred on him by Parliament" h Similar: bestow on ``` present with/to grant to award to decorate with honour with give to give out to gift with endow with vest in hand out to extend to vouchsafe to accord to h Opposite: withhold remove 2. have discussions; exchange opinions. "the officials were conferring with allies" h Similar: consult have discussions discuss things exchange views talk have a talk speak converse communicate have a chat have a tête-à-tête negotiate have negotiations have talks parley palaver have a confab chew the fat/rag jaw rap powwow ``` confabulate Origin

Answer 2

معنی: حد، محدوده، منحصر کردن، بستری کردن، محدود کردن معانی دیگر: (معمولا جمع) مرز، جای محصور، (بیمارستان) بستری کردن، زندانی کردن، توقیف کردن، (مهجور) زندان، verb verb: confine; 3rd person present: confines; past tense: confined; past participle: confined; gerund or present participle: confining /kənˈfʌɪn/ keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of (space, scope, or time). "he does not confine his message to high politics" h Similar: enclose ``` incarcerate imprison intern impound hold captive trap shut in/up keep pen in/up cage lock in/up coop (up) box up/in immure mew up fence in hedge in hurdle rail in wall in/up encircle surround ring encompass hem in close in kettle corral gird compass restrict limit keep within the limits of not allow to go beyond ``` h Opposite: release restrain or forbid someone from leaving (a place). "the troops were confined to their barracks" (of a person) be unable to leave (one's bed, home, or a wheelchair) because of illness or disability. "he was confined to bed for four days with a bad dose of flu" dated (of a woman) remain in bed for a period before, during, and after giving birth. "she was confined for nearly a month" noun plural noun: confines; noun: confine /ˈkɒnfʌɪn/ the borders or boundaries of a place, especially with regard to their restricting freedom of movement. "within the confines of the hall escape was difficult" h Similar: limits ``` outer limits borders boundaries margins extremities edges fringes marches periphery perimeter circumference compass precinct pale ``` the limits of something abstract, especially a sphere of activity. "the narrow confines of political life"

Answer 3

معنی: نتیجه بخش، بر ایند، پی ایند adjective adjective: consequent ``` 1. following as a result or effect. "the social problems of pupils and their consequent educational difficulties" h Similar: resulting ``` ``` resultant ensuing consequential following subsequent successive sequential attendant accompanying concomitant collateral associated related connected linked h Opposite: causal ``` ``` unrelated archaic logically consistent. 2. Geology (of a stream or valley) having a direction or character determined by the original slope of the land before erosion. ```

Answer 4

معنی: ترکیب کردن، تشکیل دادن، تاسیس کردن verb verb: constitute; 3rd person present: constitutes; past tense: constituted; past participle: constituted; gerund or present participle: constituting ``` 1. be (a part) of a whole. "lone parents constitute a great proportion of the poor" h Similar: amount to ``` ``` add up to account for form make up compose comprise represent ``` combine to form (a whole). "there were enough members present to constitute a quorum" be or be equivalent to (something). "his failure to act constituted a breach of duty" h Similar: be equivalent to ``` be the equivalent of be embody be tantamount to be regarded as act as ``` serve as ``` 2. give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law. "the superior courts were constituted by the Judicature Acts 1873–5" h Similar: inaugurate initiate establish found create set up put in place ```

Answer 5

معنی: گرفتاری، توقیف، قید، محدودیت، اجبار، اضطرار، فشار معانی دیگر: الزام، وادارسازی، جبر، عنف، سرکوبی (احساسات طبیعی و رفتار غریزی)، رفتار مصنوعی (وانمودین) verb verb: constrain; 3rd person present: constrains; past tense: constrained; past participle: constrained; gerund or present participle: constraining compel or force (someone) to follow a particular course of action. "children are constrained to work in the way the book dictates" h Similar: compel ``` force coerce drive impel oblige prevail on require press push pressure pressurize urge bully dragoon browbeat railroad bulldoze steamroller hustle twist someone's arm strong-arm lean on put the screws on ``` severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of. "agricultural development is considerably constrained by climate" h Similar: restrict ``` limit curb check restrain regulate contain hold back keep down archaic bring about (something) by compulsion. "Calypso in her caves constrained his stay" literary confine forcibly; imprison. "the walls are high, the gates are strong, but true love never yet was thus constrained" h Similar: confine restrain restrict impede hamstring balk frustrate ```

Answer 6

معنی: مقاطعه، کنترات، پیمان بستن، همکشیدن، پیمان، موافقت، قرارداد، عقد، منقبض کردن، منقبض شدن، قرارداد بستن، مقاطعه کاری کردن، کنترات کردن، مخفف کردن noun noun: contract; plural noun: contracts /ˈkɒntrakt/ a written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law. "he has just signed a contract keeping him with the club" h Similar: agreement ``` commitment arrangement settlement undertaking understanding compact covenant pact bond deal bargain treaty concordat convention entente account indenture ``` engagement the branch of law concerned with the making and observation of contracts. "the law of contract" informal an arrangement for someone to be killed by a hired assassin. "smuggling bosses routinely put out contracts on witnesses" Bridge the declarer's undertaking to win the number of tricks bid with a stated suit as trumps. "South can make the contract with correct play" dated a formal agreement to marry. "the contract between the Bride and the Bridegroom was renewed" verb verb: contract; 3rd person present: contracts; past tense: contracted; past participle: contracted; gerund or present participle: contracting /kənˈtrakt/ ``` 1. decrease in size, number, or range. "glass contracts as it cools" h Similar: shrink ``` ``` get smaller become smaller decrease diminish reduce dwindle decline shrivel h Opposite: expand increase ``` (of a muscle) become shorter and tighter in order to effect movement of part of the body. "the heart contracts about seventy times a minute" h Similar: tighten ``` become/make tighter tense flex constrict draw in become/make narrower narrow wrinkle knit crease corrugate purse pucker h Opposite: relax shorten (a word or phrase) by combination or elision. "these sources were called quasistellar objects, which was soon contracted to quasar" h Similar: shorten abbreviate cut reduce abridge truncate h Opposite: expand ``` lengthen ``` 2. enter into a formal and legally binding agreement. "the local authority will contract with a wide range of agencies to provide services" h Similar: undertake pledge promise covenant commit oneself engage agree enter into an agreement reach an agreement make a deal negotiate a deal ``` British choose to be involved in (a scheme). "politically committed members contract into paying the levy" British choose to withdraw from or not become involved in a scheme. "plans to encourage people to contract out of the pension scheme" h Similar: opt out leave exclude oneself withdraw pull out exit secure specified rights or undertake specified obligations in a formal and legally binding agreement. "a buyer may contract for the right to withhold payment" impose an obligation on (someone) to do something by means of a formal agreement. "health authorities contract a hospital to treat a specific number of patients" arrange for work to be done by another organization. "local authorities will have to contract out waste management" h Similar: subcontract outsource farm out assign to others formally enter into (a marriage). "kings obtained dispensations to enable them to contract politically advantageous matches" enter into (a friendship or other relationship). "the patterns of social relationships contracted by men and women differ" ``` 3. catch or develop (a disease or infectious agent). "three people contracted a killer virus" h Similar: develop catch get pick up come down with become infected with fall ill with be taken ill with be struck down with be stricken with succumb to go down with take ill with take sick with 4. become liable to pay (a debt). "he contracted a debt of £3,300" h Similar: incur become liable to pay acquire fall into run up ```

Answer 7

معنی: مغایر، مخالف، ضد، نقیض، مقابل، معکوس adjective adjective: contrary 1. opposite in nature, direction, or meaning. "he ignored contrary advice and agreed on the deal" h Similar: opposite ``` opposing opposed contradictory clashing conflicting antithetical incompatible irreconcilable different differing contrasting inconsistent incongruous reverse counter backasswards oppugnant antipathic h Opposite: compatible same ``` (of two or more statements, beliefs, etc.) opposed to one another. "his mother had given him contrary messages" (of a wind) blowing in the opposite direction to one's course; unfavourable. Logic (of two propositions) so related that one or neither but not both must be true. ``` 2. perversely inclined to disagree or to do the opposite of what is expected or desired. "she is sulky and contrary where her work is concerned" h Similar: perverse awkward difficult uncooperative unhelpful obstructive disobliging unaccommodating unreasonable troublesome tiresome annoying vexatious disobedient recalcitrant refractory wilful headstrong self-willed capricious wayward cross-grained stubborn obstinate obdurate mulish pig-headed bull-headed intractable thrawn cussed bloody-minded bolshie stroppy balky froward contumacious renitent pervicacious contrarious h Opposite: accommodating cooperative ``` obliging noun noun: contrary; noun: the contrary; plural noun: contraries ``` 1. the opposite. "an Act applies only to the United Kingdom unless the contrary is expressed" h Similar: opposite ``` reverse converse antithesis contrariety 2. Logic a contrary proposition. Phrases contrary to conflicting with or running counter to. "contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting" on the contrary used to intensify a denial of what has just been implied or stated by suggesting that the opposite is the case. "there was no malice in her; on the contrary, she was very kind" to the contrary with the opposite meaning or implication. "he continued to drink despite medical advice

Answer 8

معنی: ستیزه، بحی، مباحثه، مشاجره، جدال، هم ستیزی معانی دیگر: بحث، بگو مگو، جرو بحث، جدل، مناقشه، قیل و قال، بحک noun noun: controversy; plural noun: controversies prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion. "the design of the building has caused controversy" h Similar: disagreement ``` dispute argument debate dissension contention ```

Answer 9

معنی: جمع کردن، گرد امدن، منعقد کردن، دور هم جمع شدن، تشکیل جلسه دادن، هم ایش کردن verb verb: convene; 3rd person present: convenes; past tense: convened; past participle: convened; gerund or present participle: convening come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble. "he had convened a secret meeting of military personnel" h Similar: summon ``` call call together order hold convoke assemble gather meet get together come together congregate collect muster foregather ``` h Opposite: disperse Origin

Answer 10

معنی: امیزش، سخن، گفتگو، صحبت، واژگون، وارونه، مخالف، سخن گفتن، محاوره کردن، مذاکره کردن، سخنرانی کردن، سر و کار داشتن با، صحبت کردن verb verb: converse; 3rd person present: converses; past tense: conversed; past participle: conversed; gerund or present participle: conversing /kənˈvəːs/ ``` engage in conversation. "she was withdrawn and preoccupied, hardly able to converse with her mother" h Similar: talk ``` ``` speak chat have a conversation have a talk have a discussion discourse confer parley consult with each other chatter gossip chew the fat chew the rag gab jaw have a confab natter rabbit witter chunter rap shoot the breeze conversate mag ``` confabulate nounarchaic noun: converse; plural noun: converses /ˈkɒnvəːs/ conversation. "his converse at such seasons was always elevating"

Answer 11

معنی: مختصات، هم پایه، متناسب کردن، تعدیل کردن، هم اهنگ کردن هماهنگ و سازماندهی کردن verb verb: coordinate; 3rd person present: coordinates; past tense: coordinated; past participle: coordinated; gerund or present participle: coordinating; verb: co-ordinate; 3rd person present: co-ordinates; past tense: co-ordinated; past participle: co-ordinated; gerund or present participle: co-ordinating /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/ 1. bring the different elements of (a complex activity or organization) into a harmonious or efficient relationship. "he had responsibility for coordinating London's transport services" h Similar: harmonize ``` correlate interrelate synchronize bring together fit together mesh dovetail organize arrange order systematize concert ``` negotiate with others in order to work together effectively. "you will coordinate with consultants and other departments on a variety of projects" h Similar: cooperate ``` collaborate work together work side by side act together act jointly pull together band together come together get together join forces team up unite combine merge amalgamate pool resources club together make common cause form an alliance liaise conspire connive collude work hand in glove gang up coact match or harmonize attractively. "the stud fastenings are coloured to coordinate with the shirt" h Similar: blend blend in fit in harmonize go go well go together be compatible be in tune match suit complement ``` set off 2. Chemistry form a coordinate bond to (an atom or molecule). "the sodium atom is coordinated to two oxygen atoms" adjective adjective: coordinate; adjective: co-ordinate /kəʊˈɔːdɪnət/ 1. equal in rank or importance. "cross references in the catalogue link subjects which may be coordinate" Grammar (of parts of a compound sentence) equal in rank and fulfilling identical functions. 2. Chemistry denoting a type of covalent bond in which one atom provides both the shared electrons. noun noun: coordinate; plural noun: coordinates; noun: co-ordinate; plural noun: co-ordinates /kəʊˈɔːdɪnət/ 1. each of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a point, line, or plane. 2. matching items of clothing. "matching accessories provide a complete ensemble of colour coordinates"

Answer 12

هسته گیری ، هسته گرفتن بخش اصلی، قسمت اصلی اصلی، عمده noun noun: core; plural noun: cores 1. the tough central part of various fruits, containing the seeds. "a pineapple core" 2. the part of something that is central to its existence or character. "the plan has the interests of children at its core" h Similar: central ``` key basic fundamental elemental principal primary main chief crucial vital essential number-one heart nucleus nub hub kernel marrow meat essence quintessence crux gist pith substance sum and substance body basis bedrock cornerstone linchpin mainspring foundation root base underpinning fundamentals essentials basic principles main ingredients heart of the matter nitty-gritty brass tacks nuts and bolts ABC basics h Opposite: peripheral minor ``` an important or unchanging group of people forming the central part of a larger body. "a flexible core of permanent employees" ``` 3. the dense central region of a planet, especially the nickel–iron inner part of the earth. h Similar: centre interior middle nucleus bosom recesses bowels depths innards ``` midst the central part of a nuclear reactor, which contains the fissile material. a tiny ring of magnetic material used in a computer memory to store one bit of data, now superseded by semiconductor memories. the inner strand of an electric cable or rope. the muscles of the torso, especially the lower back and abdominal area, which assist in the maintenance of good posture, balance, etc. "nothing will strengthen your core like balancing a heavy barbell on your back or lifting one off the floor" a piece of soft iron forming the centre of an electromagnet or an induction coil. an internal mould filling a space to be left hollow in a casting. "bronzes that have been cast using a clay core" a cylindrical sample of rock, ice, or other material obtained by boring with a hollow drill. Archaeology a piece of flint from which flakes or blades have been removed. 4. Economics denoting or relating to a figure for inflation that excludes certain items, chiefly food and energy, that are subject to sudden and temporary price fluctuations. "core inflation was up 2.3 percent over the 12 month period" verb verb: core; 3rd person present: cores; past tense: cored; past participle: cored; gerund or present participle: coring remove the tough central part and seeds from (a fruit). "peel and core the pears" Phrases to the core — to the depths of one's being. "she was shaken to the core by his words"

Answer 13

``` سازمانی تلفیقی یکپارچه کننده در قالب شرکت شرکتی ``` adjective: corporate relating to a large company or group. "airlines are very keen on their corporate identity" Law (of a large company or group) authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law. "local authorities, like other corporate bodies, may reduce capital spending" of or shared by all the members of a group. "the service emphasizes the corporate responsibility of the congregation" h Similar: collective ``` shared common communal joint combined united allied amalgamated pooled merged concerted collaborative cooperative company business house ``` h Opposite: individual noun noun: corporate; plural noun: corporates a corporate company or group.

Answer 14

noun noun: couple; plural noun: couples 1. two people or things of the same sort considered together. "a couple of girls were playing marbles" h Similar: pair ``` duo duology twosome set of two match doublets twins brace span yoke two two of a kind duplet dyad duad doubleton twain ``` a pair of partners in a dance or game. a pair of hunting dogs. plural noun: couple two collars joined together and used for holding hounds together. a pair of rafters. Mechanics a pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them. ``` 2. two people who are married or otherwise closely associated romantically or sexually. "in three weeks the couple fell in love and became engaged" h Similar: husband and wife twosome newly-weds partners lovers cohabitees item 3. informal an indefinite small number. "he hoped she'd be better in a couple of days" h Similar: a few two or three a small number of a couple ``` h Opposite: several verb verb: couple; 3rd person present: couples; past tense: coupled; past participle: coupled; gerund or present participle: coupling 1. link or combine (something) with something else. "a sense of hope is coupled with a palpable sense of loss" h Similar: combine ``` integrate mix incorporate accompany link team associate connect ally add to join to conjoin h Opposite: divorce ``` connect (a railway vehicle or a piece of equipment) to another. "a cable is coupled up to one of the wheels" connect (two electrical components) using electromagnetic induction, electrostatic charge, or an optical link. "resistors are used to couple the oscillators" h Similar: connect ``` attach join fasten fix link secure tie bind strap rope tether truss lash hitch yoke chain stick tape glue bond cement fuse weld solder pin peg screw bolt rivet clamp clip hook (up) add append annex subjoin concatenate ``` ``` h Opposite: separate join to form a pair. "the beetles may couple up to form a pair" ``` ``` 2. mate or have sexual intercourse. "as middle-class youth grew more tolerant of sex, they started to couple more often" ```

Answer 15

noun noun: credit ``` 1. the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future. "I've got unlimited credit" h Similar: financial standing ``` financial status solvency the money lent or borrowed under a credit arrangement. plural noun: credits "the bank refused to extend their credit" 2. an entry recording a sum received, listed on the right-hand side or column of an account. "the columns should be added across and down and the total debits should equal the total credits" a payment received. "you need to record debits or credits made to your account" entitlement to a set amount of a particular company's goods or services, typically paid for in advance of use. "in the middle of our conversation his phone ran out of credit" ``` 3. public acknowledgement or praise, given or received when a person's responsibility for an action or idea becomes apparent. "the Prime Minister was quick to claim the credit for abolishing the tax" h Similar: praise commendation acclaim approval approbation acknowledgement recognition kudos hat tip glory merit regard esteem respect admiration adulation veneration tributes thanks gratitude appreciation bouquets brownie points laudation extolment eulogium ``` ``` a source of pride. "the fans are a credit to the club" h Similar: source of honour ``` ``` source of pride feather in the cap asset proud boast glory flower gem ``` treasure an item in a list displayed at the beginning or end of a film or television programme, acknowledging a contributor's role. plural noun: credits; noun: credit title; plural noun: credit titles "the closing credits finished rolling" 4. North American the acknowledgement of a student's completion of a course or activity that counts towards a degree or diploma as maintained in a school's records. "a student can earn one unit of academic credit" a unit of study counting towards a degree or diploma. "the National Certificate consists of twelve credits" British a grade above a pass in an examination. acknowledgement of merit in an examination which is reflected in the marks awarded. "candidates will receive credit for accuracy and style" 5. archaic the quality of being believed or credited. "the abstract philosophy of Cicero has lost its credit" ``` good reputation. "John Gilpin was a citizen of credit and renown" h Similar: reputation ``` ``` repute character image name good name prestige influence standing status regard esteem estimation credibility acceptability izzat clout rep rap honour report ``` reputability verb verb: credit; 3rd person present: credits; past tense: credited; past participle: credited; gerund or present participle: crediting 1. publicly acknowledge a contributor's role in the production of (something published or broadcast). "the screenplay is credited to one American and two Japanese writers" h Similar: ascribe ``` attribute assign accredit chalk up put down set down impute lay at the door of connect with associate with stick something on ``` ascribe (an achievement or good quality) to someone. "he is credited with painting one hundred and twenty-five canvases" h Similar: be accredited with be recognized as be given the credit for be held responsible for ``` 2. add (an amount of money) to an account. "this deferred tax can be credited to the profit and loss account" 3. British believe (something surprising or unlikely). "you would hardly credit it—but it was true" h Similar: believe accept give credence to have confidence in trust have faith in rely on depend on count on go for fall for buy swallow swallow something hook line and sinker take something as gospel ``` h Opposite: disbelieve Phrases be in credit (of an account) have money in it. "your statement shows your account to be in credit" credit where credit is due praise should be given when it is deserved, even if one is reluctant to give it. do someone or something credit make someone or something worthy of praise or respect. "your concern does you credit" give someone credit for commend someone for (a quality or a

Answer 16

verb verb: deduce; 3rd person present: deduces; past tense: deduced; past participle: deduced; gerund or present participle: deducing 1. arrive at (a fact or a conclusion) by reasoning; draw as a logical conclusion. "little can be safely deduced from these figures" h Similar: conclude ``` come to the conclusion reason work out gather infer draw the inference extrapolate glean divine intuit come to understand understand assume presume conjecture surmise reckon dare say figure suss out 2. archaic trace the course or derivation of. "he cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male" ```

Answer 17

verb verb: depress; 3rd person present: depresses; past tense: depressed; past participle: depressed; gerund or present participle: depressing 1. make (someone) feel utterly dispirited or dejected. "that first day at school depressed me" h Similar: make sad ``` sadden make unhappy cast down get down make gloomy make despondent dispirit dampen someone's spirits break someone's spirit dash someone's hopes dishearten demoralize discourage daunt crush shake desolate make desolate weigh down weigh heavily on hang over oppress upset distress grieve haunt harrow cause suffering to break someone's heart make someone's heart bleed bring tears to someone's eyes give someone the blues make someone fed up knock the stuffing out of knock for six knock sideways deject h Opposite: cheer up 2. reduce the level or strength of activity in (something, especially an economic or biological system). "fear of inflation in America depressed bond markets" h Similar: slow down slow up reduce lower weaken sap devitalize impair deflate limit check curb bridle inhibit restrict cut cheapen put down keep down mark down discount depreciate devalue diminish downgrade slash axe h Opposite: encourage raise 3. push or pull (something) down into a lower position. "depress the lever" h Similar: push (down) press (down) exert pressure on lower hold down ```

Answer 18

adjective adjective: discrete ``` individually separate and distinct. "speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discrete units" h Similar: separate ``` ``` distinct individual detached unattached disconnected ```

Answer 19

verb verb: displace; 3rd person present: displaces; past tense: displaced; past participle: displaced; gerund or present participle: displacing take over the place, position, or role of. "he believes that books may be displaced by the electronic word" h Similar: replace ``` take the place of take over from supplant oust supersede succeed override crowd out ``` move (something) from its proper or usual position. "he seems to have displaced some vertebrae" h Similar: dislodge ``` dislocate upset unsettle move shift relocate reposition put out of place move out of place knock out of place knock out of position disarrange derange discompose mess up disorder throw into disorder throw into disarray scatter disperse h Opposite: replace put back leave in place force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster. "thousands of people have been displaced by the civil war" remove (someone) from a job or position of authority. "his aides were discredited and displaced" h Similar: depose dislodge unseat dethrone remove from office remove ```

Answer 20

verb verb: dispose; 3rd person present: disposes; past tense: disposed; past participle: disposed; gerund or present participle: disposing 1. get rid of by throwing away or giving or selling to someone else. "the waste is disposed of in the North Sea" h Similar: throw away ``` throw out cast out get rid of do away with discard jettison abandon eject unload scrap destroy dump ditch chuck chuck out chuck away junk get shut of get shot of trash part with give away make over hand over deliver up bestow transfer sell auction palm off fob off see the back of h Opposite: retain acquire keep ``` ``` informal kill. "all of them have been efficient in disposing of their rivals by deadly means" h Similar: kill ``` ``` cause the death of take/end the life of do away with make away with murder assassinate do to death eliminate terminate dispatch finish off put to death execute slaughter butcher massacre wipe out destroy annihilate erase eradicate exterminate extirpate decimate mow down shoot down cut down cut to pieces put down put to sleep bump off polish off do in do for knock off top take out croak stiff blow away liquidate dispose of ice off rub out waste whack scrag smoke slay overcome (a rival or threat). "the Scottish champions were buoyant after they disposed of English champions Leeds" informal consume (food or drink) quickly or enthusiastically. "she watched him dispose of a large slice of cheese" h Similar: consume eat eat up devour ingest swallow gobble gobble up wolf down gorge oneself on feast on munch snack on drink drink up guzzle gulp (down) swill imbibe take sup sip lap tuck into scoff (down) put away stuff down polish off cram in stuff one's face with pig oneself on graze on down neck sink kill gollop shift get one's laughing gear round gorb scarf (down/up) snarf (down/up) manducate ``` ingurgitate ``` 2. incline (someone) towards a particular activity or mood. "prolactin, a calming hormone, is released, disposing you towards sleep" h Similar: incline encourage persuade predispose make willing make move prompt lead induce inspire tempt motivate actuate bias sway influence determine direct 3. arrange in a particular position. "the chief disposed his attendants in a circle" h Similar: arrange order place put position orient array spread out range set up form organize seat stand marshal muster gather group assemble park plant pop stick posit ``` literary determine the course of events. "the government proposed, but the trade union movement disposed"

Answer 21

adjective adjective: distinct 1. recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type. "the patterns of spoken language are distinct from those of writing" h Similar: clear ``` clear-cut definite well defined sharp marked decided unmistakable easily distinguishable recognizable visible perceptible noticeable obvious plain plain as day evident apparent manifest patent palpable unambiguous unequivocal pronounced prominent striking h Opposite: indistinct fuzzy indefinite ``` ``` physically separate. "the gallery is divided into five distinct spaces" h Similar: discrete ``` ``` separate individual different unconnected unassociated detached precise specific distinctive dissimilar unalike contrasting disparate unique sui generis h Opposite: indistinct overlapping ``` approximate 2. readily distinguishable by the senses. "a distinct smell of nicotine" (used for emphasis) so clearly apparent to the mind as to be unmistakable; definite. "he got the distinct impression that Melissa wasn't best pleased"

Answer 22

verb verb: distort; 3rd person present: distorts; past tense: distorted; past participle: distorted; gerund or present participle: distorting ``` 1. pull or twist out of shape. "a grimace distorted her mouth" h Similar: twist ``` ``` warp contort bend buckle deform malform misshape disfigure mangle wrench wring wrest twisted warped contorted bent buckled deformed malformed misshapen disfigured crooked irregular awry wry out of shape mangled wrenched gnarled h Opposite: straight ``` become twisted out of shape. "the pipe will distort as you bend it" ``` 2. give a misleading or false account or impression of. "many factors can distort the results" h Similar: misrepresent pervert twist falsify misreport misstate prejudice manipulate garble take/quote out of context slant bias skew colour put a spin on spin tamper with tinker with doctor alter change misrepresented perverted twisted falsified misreported misstated garbled inaccurate biased prejudiced slanted coloured loaded weighted tampered with tinkered with doctored altered changed h Opposite: accurate 3. change the form of (an electrical signal or sound wave) during transmission, amplification, or other processing. "you're distorting the sound by overdriving the amp" ```

Answer 23

verb verb: emerge; 3rd person present: emerges; past tense: emerged; past participle: emerged; gerund or present participle: emerging ``` 1. move out of or away from something and become visible. "black ravens emerged from the fog" h Similar: come out ``` ``` appear come into view become visible make an appearance turn up spring up come up surface crop up pop up materialize manifest oneself arise proceed issue come forth emanate h Opposite: disappear ``` (of an insect or other invertebrate) break out from an egg, cocoon, or pupal case. "the larvae pupate among the roots of trees to emerge as the adults" ``` 2. become apparent or prominent. "United have emerged as the bookies' clear favourite" h Similar: become known become apparent become evident be revealed come to light come out transpire come to the fore enter the picture unfold turn out prove to be the case become common knowledge get around ``` (of facts) become known. "reports of a deadlock emerged during preliminary discussions" 3. recover from or survive a difficult situation. "the economy has started to emerge from recession"

Answer 24

verb verb: enforce; 3rd person present: enforces; past tense: enforced; past participle: enforced; gerund or present participle: enforcing compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation). "the role of the police is to enforce the law" h Similar: impose ``` apply carry out administer implement bring to bear discharge fulfil execute prosecute effectuate force compel exact extort demand insist on require necessitate constrain ``` cause (something) to happen by necessity or force. "there is no outside agency to enforce cooperation between the players" h Similar: compulsory ``` obligatory mandatory involuntary forced exacted coerced imposed demanded required requisite stipulated contractual binding necessitated necessary unavoidable inescapable obliged impelled constrained dictated ordained prescribed de rigueur h Opposite: voluntary archaic press home (a demand or argument). "my father spoke like a preacher enforcing a precept of religion" ```

Answer 25

noun noun: entity; plural noun: entities a thing with distinct and independent existence. "Church and empire were fused in a single entity" h Similar: organization ``` institution establishment body operation structure system unit whole set-up outfit ``` ``` existence; being. "entity and nonentity" h Similar: existence ``` ``` being life living animation animateness vital force ```

Answer 26

verb verb: equip; 3rd person present: equips; past tense: equipped; past participle: equipped; gerund or present participle: equipping supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose. "all bedrooms are equipped with a colour TV" h Similar: provide ``` furnish supply issue fit out rig out deck out stock provision arm array attire dress outfit accoutre kit out fix up ``` prepare (someone) mentally for a particular situation or task. "I don't think he's equipped for the modern age" h Similar: prepare ``` qualify suit endow enable facilitate ```

Answer 27

noun noun: estate; plural noun: estates; noun: estate of the realm; plural noun: estates of the realm; plural noun: three estates ``` 1. an extensive area of land in the country, usually with a large house, owned by one person, family, or organization. h Similar: property ``` ``` grounds garden(s) park parkland land(s) piece of land tract landholding manor domain territory demesne ``` British an area of land and modern buildings developed for residential, industrial, or commercial purposes. "Lucy and Tony live on an estate in West London" h Similar: area ``` site development complex piece of land land region tract a property where coffee, rubber, grapes, or other crops are cultivated. "large coffee estates" h Similar: plantation farm holding forest vineyard ranch hacienda pen shamba ``` tope ``` 2. all the money and property owned by a particular person, especially at death. "in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter" h Similar: assets capital wealth riches holdings fortune property worth resources effects possessions belongings things goods worldly goods stuff chattels valuables legacy bequest personalty goods and chattels gear trek 3. a class or order regarded as forming part of the body politic, in particular (in Britain), one of the three groups constituting Parliament, now the Lords spiritual (the heads of the Church), the Lords temporal (the peerage), and the Commons. They are also known as the three estates. "the unions are no longer an estate of the realm" ``` dated a particular class or category of people in society. "the spiritual welfare of all estates of men" ``` 4. archaic•literary a particular state, period, or condition in life. "programmes for the improvement of man's estate" h Similar: state condition situation position circumstance lot fate 5. British short for estate car. ```

Answer 28

adjective adjective: eventual occurring or existing at the end of or as a result of a process or period of time. "it's impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the competition" h Similar: final ``` ultimate concluding closing endmost end terminal resulting ensuing consequent ``` subsequent

Answer 29

verb verb: exhibit; 3rd person present: exhibits; past tense: exhibited; past participle: exhibited; gerund or present participle: exhibiting 1. publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair. "only one sculpture was exhibited in the artist's lifetime" (of an artist) display one's work to the public in an art gallery or museum. "she was invited to exhibit at several French museums" h Similar: put on display ``` put on show display show show to the public put on public view present unveil model parade showcase set out lay out array arrange ``` hang publicly display the work of (an artist) in an art gallery or museum. "no foreign painters were exhibited" ``` 2. manifest clearly (a quality or a type of behaviour). "he could exhibit a saintlike submissiveness" h Similar: show reveal display manifest evince betray give away disclose express indicate demonstrate present make clear make plain evidence parade flaunt h Opposite: conceal ``` hide show as a sign or symptom. "patients with alcoholic liver disease exhibit many biochemical abnormalities" noun noun: exhibit; plural noun: exhibits ``` an object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair. "the museum is rich in exhibits" h Similar: object on display ``` item piece ``` North American an exhibition. "people flocked to the exhibit in record-breaking numbers" h Similar: exhibition ``` ``` (public) display show showing presentation demonstration showcase mounting spectacle retrospective biennale exposition expo fair trade fair world fair demo Law a document or other object produced in a court as evidence. "many exhibits, including the cockpit voice recordings, will be produced in court" ```

Answer 30

adjective adjective: explicit stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt. "the arrangement had not been made explicit" h Similar: clear ``` direct plain obvious straightforward clear-cut crystal clear clearly expressed easily understandable blunt precise exact definite distinct express emphatic absolute specific positive unequivocal unambiguous unmistakable overt manifest detailed minute comprehensive exhaustive categorical h Opposite: vague ``` (of a person) stating something in an explicit manner. "let me be explicit" describing or representing sexual activity in a graphic fashion. "a sexually explicit blockbuster" h Similar: uncensored ``` unrestrained unreserved unrestricted uninhibited graphic open candid frank forthright direct plain-spoken outspoken point-blank straight from the shoulder full-frontal no holds barred h Opposite: suggestive ``` implicit noun noun: explicit; plural noun: explicits the closing words of a manuscript, early printed book, or chanted liturgical text.

Answer 31

verb verb: exploit; 3rd person present: exploits; past tense: exploited; past participle: exploited; gerund or present participle: exploiting /ɪkˈsplɔɪt,ɛkˈsplɔɪt/ 1. make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource). "500 companies sprang up to exploit this new technology" h Similar: utilize ``` make use of put to use use use to good advantage turn/put to good use make the most of capitalize on benefit from turn to account draw on profit from/by make capital out of cash in on milk 2. make use of (a situation) in a way considered unfair or underhand. "the company was exploiting a legal loophole" ``` benefit unfairly from the work of (someone), typically by overworking or underpaying them. "these workers are at particular risk of being exploited in the workplace" h Similar: take advantage of ``` make use of abuse impose on prey on play on misuse ill-treat bleed suck dry squeeze wring enslave treat unfairly withhold rights from manipulate cheat swindle fleece victimize live off the backs of walk (all) over take for a ride put one over on cash in on rip off ``` h Opposite: treat fairly noun noun: exploit; plural noun: exploits /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ ``` 1. a bold or daring feat. "despite a series of colourful exploits, his agents obtained little intelligence of value" h Similar: feat ``` ``` deed act adventure stunt escapade manoeuvre enterprise undertaking move achievement accomplishment attainment triumph handiwork lark caper 2. a software tool designed to take advantage of a flaw in a computer system, typically for malicious purposes such as installing malware. "if someone you don't know tweets you a link, it's either spam, an exploit, or probably both" ```

Answer 32

noun noun: feature; plural noun: features 1. a distinctive attribute or aspect of something. "a well-appointed house with interesting decorative features" h Similar: characteristic ``` attribute quality property trait mark hallmark trademark aspect facet side point detail factor ingredient component constituent element theme peculiarity idiosyncrasy quirk oddity ``` a part of the face, such as the mouth or eyes, making a significant contribution to its overall appearance. "a dark-haired man with strong, regular features" h Similar: face ``` countenance physiognomy profile mug kisser clock mush phiz phizog dial boat race coupon bake puss pan visage lineaments ``` front Linguistics a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit, especially a speech sound or vocabulary item, that serves to distinguish it from others of the same type. ``` 2. a newspaper or magazine article or a broadcast programme devoted to the treatment of a particular topic, typically at length. "a special feature on children's reference books" h Similar: article piece item report story column review commentary criticism analysis write-up exposé ``` theme a full-length film intended as the main item in a cinema programme. noun: feature film; plural noun: feature films verb verb: feature; 3rd person present: features; past tense: featured; past participle: featured; gerund or present participle: featuring have as a prominent attribute or aspect. "the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium" h Similar: present ``` promote make a feature of give prominence to focus attention on call attention to spotlight highlight accent ``` have as an important actor or participant. "the film featured Glenn Miller and his Orchestra" be a significant characteristic of or take an important part in. "his later paintings feature prominently in the exhibition" h Similar: star appear participate play a part have a place

Answer 33

noun noun: format; plural noun: formats the way in which something is arranged or set out. "the conventional format of TV situation comedies" the shape, size, and presentation of a book or periodical. "the format is A4 on newsprint" h Similar: design ``` style presentation appearance look form shape size arrangement plan scheme composition make-up configuration structure ``` set-up the medium in which a sound recording is made available. "he has just re-issued the collection in CD format" Computing a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data. "a data file in binary format" verb verb: format; 3rd person present: formats; past tense: formatted; past participle: formatted; gerund or present participle: formatting (especially in computing) arrange or put into a format. "how to format a document" prepare (a storage medium) to receive data. "you will be able to format a disk"

Answer 34

adjective adjective: forthcoming ``` 1. about to happen or appear. "the forthcoming cricket season" h Similar: imminent ``` ``` impending coming approaching advancing nearing near future expected anticipated prospective close (close) at hand in store in the wind in the air in the offing in the pipeline on the horizon on the way on us about to happen on the cards h Opposite: past current 2. ready or made available when wanted or needed. "financial support was not forthcoming" h Similar: available made available ready at hand accessible obtainable at someone's disposal on offer obtained given vouchsafed to someone up for grabs on tap h Opposite: unavailable ``` ``` willing to divulge information. "she had never been forthcoming about her time in the States" h Similar: communicative ``` expansive informative expressive unreserved

Answer 35

verb verb: grant; 3rd person present: grants; past tense: granted; past participle: granted; gerund or present participle: granting ``` 1. agree to give or allow (something requested) to. "they were granted a meeting" h Similar: allow ``` ``` accord permit afford concede vouchsafe h Opposite: refuse ``` ``` give (a right, power, property, etc.) formally or legally to. "they will grant you asylum" h Similar: bestow on ``` ``` confer on give impart to present with award to present to donate to contribute to provide with endow with hand out to furnish with supply with allocate to allot to ``` assign to ``` 2. agree or admit to (someone) that (something) is true. "he hasn't made much progress, I'll grant you that" h Similar: admit accept concede yield cede allow appreciate recognize acknowledge confess agree concur go along with ``` h Opposite: deny noun noun: grant; plural noun: grants ``` a sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose. "a research grant" h Similar: endowment ``` ``` subvention award donation bursary contribution allowance subsidy handout allocation allotment gift present scholarship sponsorship stipend ``` benefaction formal the action of granting something. "we had to recommend the grant or refusal of broadcasting licences" Law a legal conveyance or formal conferment. "a grant of probate" Phrases take for granted — fail to properly appreciate (someone or something), especially as a result of overfamiliarity. "the comforts that people take for granted"

Answer 36

noun noun: ignorance ``` lack of knowledge or information. "he acted in ignorance of basic procedures" h Similar: incomprehension ``` ``` unawareness unconsciousness inexperience innocence unfamiliarity with lack of enlightenment about lack of knowledge about lack of information about cluelessness nescience lack of knowledge lack of education unenlightenment benightedness lack of intelligence unintelligence stupidity foolishness idiocy denseness brainlessness mindlessness slow-wittedness thickness dimness dumbness dopiness doziness h Opposite: knowledge ``` education Phrases ignorance is bliss — if one is unaware of an unpleasant fact or situation one cannot be troubled by it. "I don't want to hear about them: ignorance is bliss in this case"

Answer 37

verb verb: implicate; 3rd person present: implicates; past tense: implicated; past participle: implicated; gerund or present participle: implicating /ˈɪmplɪkeɪt/ 1. show (someone) to be involved in a crime. "he was implicated in a price-fixing scandal" h Similar: incriminate ``` compromise involve connect embroil enmesh ensnare expose inculpate h Opposite: absolve ``` bear some of the responsibility for (an action or process, especially a criminal or harmful one). "viruses are known to be implicated in the development of certain cancers" h Similar: involve in concern with associate with connect with tie up with ``` 2. convey (a meaning) indirectly through what one says, rather than stating it explicitly. "by saying that coffee would keep her awake, Mary implicated that she didn't want any" h Similar: imply suggest hint intimate say indirectly indicate insinuate give someone to understand give someone to believe convey the impression signal ``` make out nounLogic noun: implicate; plural noun: implicates /ˈɪmplɪkət/ a thing implied.

Answer 38

adjective adjective: implicit 1. suggested though not directly expressed. "comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies" h Similar: implied ``` indirect inferred understood hinted suggested deducible unspoken unexpressed undeclared unstated unsaid tacit unacknowledged silent taken for granted taken as read assumed inherent latent underlying inbuilt incorporated fundamental h Opposite: explicit direct 2. always to be found in; essentially connected with. "the values implicit in the school ethos" 3. with no qualification or question; absolute. "an implicit faith in God" h Similar: absolute complete entire total wholehearted perfect sheer utter unqualified unconditional unreserved unadulterated unalloyed undiluted positive unshaken unshakeable unhesitating unquestioning firm steadfast constant h Opposite: limited 4. Mathematics (of a function) not expressed directly in terms of independent variables. ```

Answer 39

noun noun: implement; plural noun: implements /ˈɪmplɪm(ə)nt/ ``` 1. a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose. "garden implements" h Similar: tool ``` ``` utensil instrument device apparatus contrivance gadget contraption appliance machine labour-saving device ``` gizmo 2. Scots Law performance of an obligation. verb verb: implement; 3rd person present: implements; past tense: implemented; past participle: implemented; gerund or present participle: implementing /ˈɪmplɪmɛnt/ put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect. "the scheme to implement student loans" h Similar: execute apply put into effect/action put into practice carry out

Answer 40

noun noun: impact; plural noun: impacts /ˈɪmpakt/ 1. the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another. "there was the sound of a third impact" h Similar: collision ``` crash smash clash bump bang knock jolt thump whack thwack slam smack contact 2. a marked effect or influence. "our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment" h Similar: effect influence impression footprint results aftermath consequences repercussions ramifications reverberations ``` pay-off verb verb: impact; 3rd person present: impacts; past tense: impacted; past participle: impacted; gerund or present participle: impacting /ɪmˈpakt/ 1. come into forcible contact with another object. "the shell impacted twenty yards away" h Similar: crash into ``` smash into collide with be in collision with hit strike ram smack into slam into bang into cannon into plough into meet head-on dash against ``` North American come into forcible contact with. "an asteroid impacted the earth some 60 million years ago" press (something) firmly. "the animals' feet do not impact and damage the soil as cows' hooves do" ``` 2. have a strong effect on someone or something. "high interest rates have impacted on retail spending" h Similar: affect influence have an effect have an influence exert influence ```

Answer 41

verbNorth American verb: immigrate; 3rd person present: immigrates; past tense: immigrated; past participle: immigrated; gerund or present participle: immigrating come to live permanently in a foreign country. "an Australian who immigrated to Britain in 1982" h Similar: migrate move overseas move abroad relocate resettle defect Origin

Answer 42

noun noun: incentive; plural noun: incentives a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something. "give farmers an incentive to improve their land" h Similar: inducement ``` motivation motive reason stimulus stimulant spur impetus encouragement impulse incitement goad provocation attraction lure bait carrot sweetener come-on premium douceur h Opposite: deterrent disincentive ``` a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment. "tax incentives for investing in depressed areas"

Answer 43

adverb adverb: incidentally 1. used to add a further comment or a remark unconnected to the current subject; by the way. "incidentally, it was many months before the whole truth was discovered" h Similar: by the way ``` by the by(e) in passing en passant speaking of which while on the subject parenthetically BTW as it happens 2. in an incidental manner; as a chance occurrence. "the infection was discovered only incidentally at post-mortem examination" h Similar: by chance by accident accidentally fortuitously by a fluke ```

Answer 44

verb verb: incorporate; 3rd person present: incorporates; past tense: incorporated; past participle: incorporated; gerund or present participle: incorporating /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/ 1. take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; include. "he has incorporated in his proposals a number of measures" h Similar: absorb ``` include subsume assimilate integrate take in swallow up engulf consolidate embody comprise contain embrace build in encompass h Opposite: separate ``` combine (ingredients) into one substance. "add the cheeses and butter and process briefly to incorporate them" h Similar: blend ``` mix mingle combine put together merge fuse unite unify join bring together amalgamate integrate fold in stir whisk meld marry mesh compound alloy coalesce homogenize emulsify intermingle intermix blunge commingle ``` commix 2. constitute (a company, city, or other organization) as a legal corporation. "limited liability companies could only be incorporated under the 1930 Act" adjective adjective: incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːp(ə)rət/ ``` 1. another term for incorporated. 2. literary having a bodily form; embodied. "through an incorporate resilience, slighted confidence restores itself" ```

Answer 45

noun noun: index; plural noun: indexes; plural noun: indices 1. (in a book or set of books) an alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with reference to the pages on which they are mentioned. "clear cross references supplemented by a thorough index" an alphabetical list by title, author, or other category of a collection of books or documents, for example in a library. h Similar: register ``` list listing inventory directory guide key catalogue ``` table of contents short for Index Librorum Prohibitorum. singular proper noun: Index Computing a set of items each of which specifies one of the records of a file and contains information about its address. ``` 2. a sign or measure of something. "exam results may serve as an index of the teacher's effectiveness" h Similar: guide clue hint indication indicator lead sign signal mark token evidence symptom implication intimation suggestion ``` a figure in a system or scale representing the average value of specified prices, shares, or other items as compared with some reference figure. "the hundred-shares index closed down 9.3" a number giving the magnitude of a physical property or other measured phenomenon in terms of a standard. "the oral hygiene index was calculated as the sum of the debris and calculus indices" ``` 3. Mathematics an exponent or other superscript or subscript number appended to a quantity. 4. a pointer on an instrument, showing a quantity, a position on a scale, etc. h Similar: pointer indicator needle hand finger ``` marker Printing a symbol shaped like a pointing hand, used to draw attention to a note. verb verb: index; 3rd person present: indexes; past tense: indexed; past participle: indexed; gerund or present participle: indexing 1. record (names, subjects, etc.) in an index. "the list indexes theses under regional headings" provide an index to. "she offered help in indexing my text book on bookselling" 2. link the value of (prices, wages, or other payments) automatically to the value of a price index. "the Supreme Soviet passed legislation indexing wages to prices" 3. (of a machine or part of one) move from one predetermined position to another in order to carry out a sequence of operations. "the pins are retracted and indexed to occupy an adjacent slotted position"

Answer 46

verb verb: induce; 3rd person present: induces; past tense: induced; past participle: induced; gerund or present participle: inducing 1. succeed in persuading or leading (someone) to do something. "the pickets induced many workers to stay away" h Similar: persuade ``` convince prevail upon get make prompt move inspire instigate influence exert influence on press urge incite encourage impel actuate motivate coax into wheedle into cajole into talk into prod into procure twist someone's arm h Opposite: dissuade 2. bring about or give rise to. "none of these measures induced a change of policy" h Similar: bring about bring on cause be the cause of produce effect create give rise to generate originate instigate engender occasion set in motion develop lead to result in have as a consequence have as a result trigger off spark off whip up stir up kindle arouse rouse foster promote encourage beget enkindle effectuate h Opposite: prevent ``` produce (an electric charge or current or a magnetic state) by induction. "the current in the primary winding is induced by the rotating magnet" Physics cause (radioactivity) by bombardment with radiation. Biochemistry initiate or enhance (a biochemical process, especially the synthesis of an enzyme). 3. Medicine bring on (the birth of a baby) artificially, typically by the use of drugs. "she was 11 days overdue when labour was induced" bring on childbirth in (a pregnant woman) artificially, typically by the use of drugs. "Carol was induced just four days before her baby's due date" 4. Logic derive by inductive reasoning. "from the experimental evidence, one infers or induces the hypothesis"

Answer 47

verb verb: infer; 3rd person present: infers; past tense: inferred; past participle: inferred; gerund or present participle: inferring deduce or conclude (something) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. "from these facts we can infer that crime has been increasing" h Similar: deduce reason work out conclude come to the conclusion

Answer 48

noun noun: infrastructure; plural noun: infrastructures the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. "the social and economic infrastructure of a country"

Answer 49

adjective adjective: inherent existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. "any form of mountaineering has its inherent dangers" h Similar: intrinsic ``` innate immanent built-in inborn ingrained deep-rooted essential fundamental basic implicit structural characteristic organic inseparable permanent indelible ineradicable ineffaceable inexpungible natural instinctive instinctual congenital native connate connatural h Opposite: acquired alien ``` Law vested in (someone) as a right or privilege. Linguistics (of an adjective) having the same meaning in both attributive and predicative uses.

Answer 50

verb verb: inhibit; 3rd person present: inhibits; past tense: inhibited; past participle: inhibited; gerund or present participle: inhibiting ``` 1. hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process). "cold inhibits plant growth" h Similar: impede ``` ``` hinder hamper hold back discourage interfere with obstruct put a brake on slow slow down retard curb check suppress repress restrict restrain constrain bridle rein in shackle fetter cramp balk frustrate arrest stifle smother prevent block thwart foil quash stop halt put an end/stop to nip in the bud h Opposite: assist encourage allow ``` prevent or prohibit (someone) from doing something. "the earnings rule inhibited some retired people from working" Physiology•Biochemistry (of a substance) slow down or prevent (a process, reaction, or function) or reduce the activity of (an enzyme or other agent). 2. make (someone) self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way. "they felt inhibited by the presence of healthcare professionals" 3. (in ecclesiastical law) forbid (a member of the clergy) to exercise clerical functions.

Answer 51

noun noun: instance; plural noun: instances ``` an example or single occurrence of something. "a serious instance of corruption" h Similar: example ``` ``` occasion occurrence case representative case typical case case in point illustration specimen sample exemplar ``` exemplification a particular case. "in this instance it mattered little" verb verb: instance; 3rd person present: instances; past tense: instanced; past participle: instanced; gerund or present participle: instancing cite (a fact, case, etc.) as an example. "I instanced Bob as someone whose commitment had certainly got things done" h Similar: cite ``` quote refer to make reference to mention allude to adduce give give as an example point to point out specify name identify bring up invoke draw attention to call attention to put forward present offer advance ``` propose Phrases at first instance at the first court hearing concerning a case. at the instance of at the request or instigation of. "prosecution at the instance of the police" for instance as an example. "take Canada, for instance" in the first instance in the first place or at the first stage of a pro

Answer 52

noun noun: institute; plural noun: institutes ``` 1. an organization having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved with science, education, or a specific profession. "the Institute of Architects" h Similar: organization ``` ``` establishment institution foundation centre academy school college university conservatory seminary centre of learning seat of learning society association federation group circle fellowship body league union alliance guild consortium concern ``` corporation 2. archaic a commentary, treatise, or summary of principles, especially concerning law. "Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England" verb verb: institute; 3rd person present: institutes; past tense: instituted; past participle: instituted; gerund or present participle: instituting 1. introduce or establish (a scheme, undertaking, or policy). "the state instituted a national lottery" h Similar: set in motion ``` put in motion get under way get going get off the ground get in operation start begin initiate launch lay the foundations of lay the first stone of sow the seeds of set up inaugurate found establish put in place organize get working get functioning activate actuate generate cause bring about start/get/set the ball rolling kick off commence h Opposite: halt cancel end ``` begin (legal proceedings) in a court. "she intended to institute divorce proceedings" h Similar: set in motion ``` put in motion get under way get going get off the ground get in operation start begin initiate launch lay the foundations of lay the first stone of sow the seeds of set up inaugurate found establish put in place organize get working get functioning activate actuate generate cause bring about start/get/set the ball rolling kick off commence h Opposite: halt cancel ``` end ``` 2. appoint (someone) to a position, especially as a cleric. "his sons were instituted to the priesthood" h Similar: install instate induct invest inaugurate introduce admit into office swear in initiate ordain consecrate anoint enthrone ```

Answer 53

noun noun: input; plural noun: inputs 1. what is put in, taken in, or operated on by any process or system. "there is little input from other members of the team" a contribution of work or information. "her input on issues was appreciated" energy supplied to a device or system; an electrical signal. "the input is a low-frequency signal" the action of putting something in. "the input of data to the system" the information put into a computer. h Similar: data ``` details material resources facts figures information statistics particulars specifics ``` info 2. Electronics a place where, or a device through which, energy or information enters a system. "the signal being fed through the main input" verb verb: input; 3rd person present: inputs; past tense: input; past participle: input; past tense: inputted; past participle: inputted; gerund or present participle: inputting ``` put (data) into a computer. "test results can be inputted by the technician in the laboratory" h Similar: feed in ``` ``` put in load insert key in type in code capture ```

Answer 54

verb verb: instruct; 3rd person present: instructs; past tense: instructed; past participle: instructed; gerund or present participle: instructing ``` 1. tell or order someone to do something, especially in a formal or official way. "she instructed him to wait" h Similar: order ``` ``` command direct tell enjoin give the order to give orders to give the command to require call on mandate charge dictate bid 2. teach (someone) a subject or skill. "he instructed them in the use of firearms" h Similar: teach school give lessons to coach train ground enlighten illuminate inform verse edify educate upskill tutor guide prepare prime din something into drill discipline 3. Law (of a client) employ or authorize (a solicitor or barrister) to act on one's behalf. "he must indicate which of the firms he wishes to instruct" h Similar: employ authorize to act for one brief give information to ``` (of a solicitor) give directions or information to (a barrister) regarding a court case. "she is skilled in interviewing clients and instructing counsel" ``` 4. give information to (someone). "the bank was instructed that the money from the deposit account was now held by the company" h Similar: inform tell let someone know notify apprise advise ```

Answer 55

verb verb: integrate; 3rd person present: integrates; past tense: integrated; past participle: integrated; gerund or present participle: integrating 1. combine (one thing) with another to form a whole. "transport planning should be integrated with energy policy" h Similar: combine ``` amalgamate merge unite join fuse blend mingle coalesce consolidate meld intermingle mix intermix incorporate affiliate unify assimilate homogenize harmonize mesh desegregate commingle h Opposite: separate ``` combine (two things) so that they form a whole. "the problem of integrating the two approaches" (of a thing) combine with another to form a whole. "the stone will blend with the environment and integrate into the landscape" 2. bring (people or groups with particular characteristics or needs) into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution. "integrating children with special needs into ordinary schools" come into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution. "she was anxious to integrate well into her husband's family" desegregate (a school, area, etc.), especially racially. "the protest forced the bus companies to integrate the buses" 3. Mathematics find the integral of. "the velocity profile can be obtained by integrating this equation"

Answer 56

adjective adjective: intrinsic ``` belonging naturally; essential. "access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life" h Similar: inherent ``` ``` innate inborn inbred congenital natural native constitutional built-in ingrained deep-rooted inseparable permanent indelible ineradicable ineffaceable integral basic fundamental underlying constitutive elemental essential vital necessary connate connatural h Opposite: extrinsic ``` acquired Origin

Answer 57

verb verb: invoke; 3rd person present: invokes; past tense: invoked; past participle: invoked; gerund or present participle: invoking ``` 1. call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration. h Similar: pray to ``` ``` call on appeal to plead with supplicate entreat solicit beseech beg implore importune petition call for request obtest obsecrate impetrate ``` summon (a spirit) by charms or incantation. h Similar: summon call (up) bring conjure (up) ``` 2. cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument. "the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England" h Similar: cite refer to adduce instance resort to have recourse to turn to call into use use put into effect/use h Opposite: waive ``` call earnestly for. "she invoked his help against this attack" give rise to; evoke. "how could she explain how the accident happened without invoking his wrath?" h Similar: bring forth ``` bring on elicit induce cause kindle ``` bring out 3. Computing cause (a procedure) to be carried out.

Answer 58

verb verb: justify; 3rd person present: justifies; past tense: justified; past participle: justified; gerund or present participle: justifying 1. show or prove to be right or reasonable. "the person appointed has fully justified our confidence" h Similar: give grounds for ``` give reasons for give a justification for show just cause for explain give an explanation for account for show/prove to be reasonable provide a rationale for rationalize defend answer for vindicate substantiate uphold sustain establish legitimize legitimatize ``` ``` be a good reason for. "the situation was grave enough to justify further investigation" h Similar: warrant ``` be good reason for be a justification for bear out confirm validate 2. Theology declare or make righteous in the sight of God. "one of the elect, justified by faith" 3. Printing adjust (a line of type or piece of text) so that the print fills a space evenly or forms a straight edge at the margin. "in most European languages you justify text by adding space between letters and words"

Answer 59

noun noun: label; plural noun: labels 1. a small piece of paper, fabric, plastic, or similar material attached to an object and giving information about it. "the alcohol content is clearly stated on the label" h Similar: tag ``` ticket tab sticker marker docket chit chitty flag stamp document documentation ``` a piece of fabric sewn inside a garment and bearing the brand name, size, or instructions for care. "a garment with the label ‘Laura Ashley’" the piece of paper in the centre of a record giving the artist and title. a company that produces recorded music. "independent labels" the name or trademark of a fashion company. "she plans to launch her own designer clothes label" h Similar: brand ``` brand name trade name trademark proprietary name line make ``` logo ``` 2. a classifying phrase or name applied to a person or thing, especially one that is inaccurate or restrictive. "the label ‘salsa’ seems especially meaningless when applied to musicians like Tito Puente" h Similar: designation denomination description characterization identification tag name epithet nickname title sobriquet pet name byname appellation ``` cognomen (in a dictionary entry) a word or words used to specify the subject area, register, or geographical origin of the word being defined. "the italic part-of-speech label follows the pronunciation" Computing a string of characters used to refer to a particular instruction in a program. Biology•Chemistry a radioactive isotope, fluorescent dye, or enzyme used to make something identifiable for study. "radioactive labels" 3. Heraldry a narrow horizontal strip, typically with three downward projections, that is superimposed on a coat of arms by an eldest son during the life of his father. 4. Architecture another term for dripstone. verb verb: label; 3rd person present: labels; past tense: labelled; past participle: labelled; gerund or present participle: labelling; past tense: labeled; past participle: labeled; gerund or present participle: labeling ``` 1. attach a label to (something). "she labelled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters" h Similar: tag ``` ``` attach labels to put labels on tab ticket stamp mark put stickers on docket flag 2. assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively. "many pupils felt that they were labelled as failures" h Similar: categorize classify class characterize describe designate identify mark stamp pronounce brand condemn pigeonhole stereotype typecast compartmentalize typify call name term dub nickname ``` Biology•Chemistry make (a substance, molecule, or cell) identifiable by replacing an atom with one of a distinctive radioactive isotope, or by attaching a fluorescent dye, enzyme, or other molecule. "insulin labelled with iodine-125 was used as a tracer"

Answer 60

noun noun: labor; noun: Labor ``` 1. work, especially physical work. "the price of repairs includes labour, parts, and VAT" h Similar: work ``` ``` toil employment exertion industry industriousness toiling hard work hard labour drudgery effort the sweat of one's brow donkey work menial work slog grind sweat elbow grease graft travail moil task job chore undertaking mission commission assignment h Opposite: rest leisure ease idleness ``` ``` workers, especially manual workers, considered collectively. "non-union casual labour" h Similar: workers ``` ``` employees workmen workforce staff working people blue-collar workers hands labourers labour force hired hands proletariat wage-earners manpower human resources personnel liveware ``` h Opposite: management workers considered as a social class or political force. "the labour movement" a government department concerned with a nation's workforce. modifier noun: Labour; modifier noun: Labor "the Labour Secretary" ``` 2. the Labour Party. "the Labour leader" 3. the process of childbirth from the start of uterine contractions to delivery. "a woman in labour" h Similar: childbirth birth birthing delivery nativity contractions labour pains labour pangs labour throes parturition confinement accouchement lying-in childbed ``` ``` travail 4. rare a group of moles. "a labour of moles toils with the Earth" ``` verb verb: labor ``` 1. work hard; make great effort. "they laboured from dawn to dusk" h Similar: work (hard) ``` ``` toil slave (away) grub away plod away grind away sweat away struggle strive exert oneself overwork work one's fingers to the bone work like a Trojan/dog/slave slog away kill oneself plug away put one's back into something peg away graft drudge travail moil h Opposite: rest relax laze ``` work at an unskilled manual occupation. "he was eking out an existence by labouring" archaic till (the ground). "the land belonged to him who laboured it" ``` 2. have difficulty in doing something despite working hard. "United laboured against confident opponents" h Similar: strive struggle endeavour work try hard make every effort do one's best do one's utmost do all one can give (it/something) one's all go all out fight push be at pains put oneself out apply oneself exert oneself bend/fall/lean over backwards give it one's best shot pull out all the stops ``` move or proceed with difficulty. "they laboured up a steep, tortuous track" (of an engine) work noisily and with difficulty. "the wheels churned, the engine labouring" (of a ship) roll or pitch heavily. "the seas ran high, and the ship laboured hard" 3. (of a woman in childbirth) be in labour. "she laboured very well and comfortably because she was relaxed"

Answer 61

noun noun: layer; plural noun: layers 1. a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body. "arrange a layer of aubergines in a dish" h Similar: coating ``` sheet coat surface film covering blanket skin veneer ``` thickness a level of seniority in the hierarchy of an organization. "a managerial layer" 2. a person or thing that lays something. "the majority of fish are egg-layers" 3. a shoot fastened down to take root while attached to the parent plant. "they can be increased from cuttings and layers" verb verb: layer; 3rd person present: layers; past tense: layered; past participle: layered; gerund or present participle: layering 1. arrange in a layer or layers. "in an ovenproof dish layer the potato and courgette slices" cut (hair) in overlapping layers. "we layered the hair to give her lots of styling alternatives" 2. propagate (a plant) as a layer.

Answer 62

verb verb: levy; 3rd person present: levies; past tense: levied; past participle: levied; gerund or present participle: levying ``` 1. impose (a tax, fee, or fine). "a tax of two per cent was levied on all cargoes" h Similar: impose ``` ``` charge exact demand raise collect gather tax mulct ``` ``` impose a tax, fee, or fine on. "there will be powers to levy the owner" h Similar: impose ``` ``` charge exact demand raise collect gather tax ``` mulct seize (property) to satisfy a legal judgement. "there were no goods to levy upon" ``` 2. archaic enlist (someone) for military service. "he sought to levy one man from each vill for service" h Similar: conscript call up enlist mobilize rally muster marshal press recruit raise assemble round up draft h Opposite: demobilize ``` disband begin to wage (war). "they then proceeded without further ceremony to levy war upon the king" noun noun: levy; plural noun: levies 1. an act of levying a tax, fee, or fine. "police forces receive 49 per cent of their funding via a levy on the rates" h Similar: tax ``` tariff toll excise duty fee imposition impost exaction assessment tithe payment mulct taxation customs dues ``` a tax raised by levying. "we all pay a fossil fuel levy in our electricity bills" a sum collected as a supplement to an existing subscription. "the trade-union political levy" h Similar: imposition charging exaction raising collection gathering an item or items of property seized to satisfy a legal judgement. 2. historical an act of enlisting troops. "Edward I and Edward II had made substantial use of the feudal levy for raising an army" ``` a body of troops that have been enlisted. "lightly armed local levies" h Similar: conscripts ``` militia

Answer 63

verb verb: license; 3rd person present: licenses; past tense: licensed; past participle: licensed; gerund or present participle: licensing; verb: licence; 3rd person present: licences; past tense: licenced; past participle: licenced; gerund or present participle: licencing ``` grant a licence to. "a pub has to be licensed by the local justices" h Similar: permit ``` ``` allow authorize grant/give a licence to grant/give a permit to grant/give authorization to grant/give authority to grant/give the right to grant/give leave to grant/give permission to warrant certify accredit empower give power to entitle enable validate charter franchise give the stamp of approval to give approval to let recognize qualify sanction OK rubber-stamp h Opposite: ban forbid ``` authorize the use, performance, or release of (something). "the company expect that the drug will soon be licensed for use in the USA" h Similar: permit ``` allow authorize grant/give a licence to grant/give a permit to grant/give authorization to grant/give authority to grant/give the right to grant/give leave to grant/give permission to warrant certify accredit empower give power to entitle enable validate charter franchise give the stamp of approval to give approval to let recognize qualify sanction OK rubber-stamp h Opposite: ban forbid dated permit (someone) to do something. "he was licensed to do no more than send a message" ```

Answer 64

adjective adjective: major ``` 1. important, serious, or significant. "the use of drugs is a major problem" h Similar: crucial ``` ``` vital great considerable paramount utmost prime extensive important big significant weighty key sweeping substantial serious radical complicated difficult h Opposite: little unimportant trivial minor ``` ``` greater or more important; main. "he got the major share of the spoils" h Similar: greatest ``` ``` best finest most important chief main prime principal capital cardinal leading star foremost outstanding first-rate top-tier notable eminent pre-eminent arch- supreme uppermost ``` h Opposite: minor (of a surgical operation) serious or life-threatening. "he had to undergo major surgery" 2. Music (of a scale) having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees. (of an interval) equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval. "C to E is a major third" (of a key) based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect. "Prelude in G Major" 3. dated•British (appended to a surname in public schools) indicating the elder of two brothers. 4. Logic (of a term) occurring as the predicate in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism. (of a premise) containing the major term in a categorical syllogism. noun noun: major; plural noun: majors 1. a rank of officer in the army and the US air force, above captain and below lieutenant colonel. an officer in charge of a section of band instruments. "a trumpet major" 2. Music a major key, interval, or scale. Bell-ringing a system of change-ringing using eight bells. 3. a major organization or competition. "the majors have swept up the smaller independent companies in licensing deals" 4. North American a student's principal subject or course. "many students would ignore courses outside their major" a student specializing in a specified subject. "a math major" 5. Logic a major term or premise. 6. Bridge short for major suit. "South was anxious to mention his four-card major and bid one spade" 7. Australian Rules Football a goal. verbNorth American•Australian verb: major; 3rd person present: majors; past tense: majored; past participle: majored; gerund or present participle: majoring ``` specialize in (a particular subject) at college or university. "I was trying to decide if I should major in drama or English" ```

Answer 65

verb verb: manipulate; 3rd person present: manipulates; past tense: manipulated; past participle: manipulated; gerund or present participle: manipulating 1. handle or control (a tool, mechanism, information, etc.) in a skilful manner. "he manipulated the dials of the set" h Similar: operate ``` handle work control use employ utilize ``` alter, edit, or move (text or data) on a computer. "the pupils can manipulate the data or screen image" examine or treat (a part of the body) by feeling or moving it with the hand. "this system of healing is based on manipulating the ligaments of the spine" h Similar: massage rub knead feel palpate ``` 2. control or influence (a person or situation) cleverly or unscrupulously. "the masses were deceived and manipulated by a tiny group" h Similar: exploit control influence use/turn to one's advantage manoeuvre engineer steer direct guide work orchestrate choreograph ``` alter or present (data) so as to mislead. "nations may still be able to manipulate their own data" h Similar: falsify ``` rig distort alter change doctor massage juggle tamper with fiddle with tinker with interfere with misrepresent fudge corrupt cook ``` fiddle

Answer 66

adjective adjective: manual ``` relating to or done with the hands. "manual dexterity" h Similar: done with one's hands ``` labouring physical blue-collar ``` (of a device) operated or controlled by hand, rather than automatically or electronically. "a manual typewriter" h Similar: hand-operated ``` ``` hand non-automatic h Opposite: automatic mechanical using or working with the hands. "a manual labourer" h Similar: hand-operated hand non-automatic h Opposite: automatic ``` mechanical noun noun: manual; plural noun: manuals ``` 1. a book giving instructions or information. "a computer manual" h Similar: handbook ``` ``` set of instructions instructions instruction book guide companion reference book ABC guidebook vade mecum bible enchiridion ``` historical (in the Christian Church) a book of the forms to be used by priests in the administration of the sacraments. 2. a vehicle with manual transmission. 3. an organ keyboard played with the hands not the feet.

Answer 67

noun noun: margin; plural noun: margins ``` 1. the edge or border of something. "the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean" h Similar: edge ``` ``` side bank verge border perimeter brink brim rim fringe boundary limits periphery bound extremity marge bourn skirt ``` ``` the blank border on each side of the print on a page. "the notations in the margin" h Similar: leeway ``` ``` latitude scope room room for manoeuvre room to spare space allowance extra ``` surplus a line ruled on paper to mark off a margin. ``` 2. an amount by which something is won. "they won by a convincing 17-point margin" h Similar: gap majority amount difference measure/degree of difference ``` ``` an amount of something included so as to be sure of success or safety. "there was no margin for error" h Similar: leeway ``` ``` latitude scope room room for manoeuvre room to spare space allowance extra ``` surplus the furthest limit of possibility, success, etc. "the lighting is brighter than before but is still at the margins of acceptability" a profit margin. "launching these new products helped increase margins and market share" Finance a sum deposited with a broker to cover the risk of loss on a transaction or account. Australian•New Zealand an increment to a basic wage, paid for extra skill or responsibility. verb verb: margin; 3rd person present: margins; past tense: margined; past participle: margined; gerund or present participle: margining 1. provide with an edge or border. "the plant's leaves are margined with yellow" archaic annotate or summarize (a text) in the margins. "these he deals forth as the notable Matters, margined for better Notice" 2. deposit an amount of money with a broker as security for (an account or transaction). "new contracts are margined with the winnings of previously held contracts" Phrases margin of error — a small amount that is allowed for in case of miscalculation or change of circumstances. "it is well within the margin of error for this sort of calculation"

Answer 68

adjective adjective: mature ``` 1. fully developed physically; full-grown. "she was now a mature woman" h Similar: adult ``` ``` grown-up grown fully grown full-grown of age fully developed fully fledged in one's prime in full bloom nubile h Opposite: immature growing adolescent ``` (especially of a young person) having reached a stage of mental or emotional development characteristic of an adult. comparative adjective: maturer; superlative adjective: maturest "a young man mature beyond his years" h Similar: sensible ``` responsible adult level-headed reliable dependable discriminating shrewd practical wise sagacious experienced sophisticated h Opposite: immature childish (of thought or planning) careful and thorough. "on mature reflection he decided they should not go" h Similar: careful thorough deep considered methodical h Opposite: impulsive ``` unthinking used euphemistically to describe someone middle-aged or old. "Miss Walker was a mature lady when she married" 2. having reached the most advanced stage in a process. "Van Gogh's mature work" ``` (of certain foods or drinks) ready for consumption. "a rather nice mature Camembert" h Similar: ripe ``` ``` ripened mellow ready seasoned full-flavoured h Opposite: fresh ``` unripe denoting an economy, industry, or market that has developed to a point where substantial expansion and investment no longer takes place. "a mature, sophisticated economy" 3. (of a bill, bond, etc.) due for payment or repayment. verb verb: mature; 3rd person present: matures; past tense: matured; past participle: matured; gerund or present participle: maturing ``` 1. (of a person or thing) become fully grown or developed. "children mature at different ages" h Similar: be fully grown ``` ``` be full-grown be fully developed develop fully come of age become adult reach adulthood reach maturity develop grow evolve bloom blossom flourish thrive come to fruition ``` (of a person) reach an advanced stage of mental or emotional development. "he has matured and is ready to take on new responsibilities" h Similar: grow up ``` bloom blossom (with reference to certain foods or drinks) become or cause to become ready for consumption. "leave the cheese to mature" h Similar: ripen grow ripe become ripe mellow become mellow ``` age 2. (of an insurance policy, security, etc.) reach the end of its term and hence become payable. "when the policy matures it pays off the loan"

Answer 69

verb verb: mediate; 3rd person present: mediates; past tense: mediated; past participle: mediated; gerund or present participle: mediating /ˈmiːdɪeɪt/ 1. intervene in a dispute in order to bring about an agreement or reconciliation. "Wilson attempted to mediate between the powers to end the war" h Similar: arbitrate ``` conciliate moderate umpire referee act as peacemaker reconcile differences restore harmony make peace bring to terms liaise intervene step in intercede act as an intermediary interpose temporize ``` intervene in (a dispute) to bring about an agreement. "set up a tribunal to arbitrate and mediate disputes" h Similar: resolve ``` settle arbitrate in umpire reconcile mend clear up patch up bring about (an agreement or solution) by intervening in a dispute. "efforts to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict" h Similar: negotiate bring about effect make happen ``` effectuate ``` 2. technical bring about (a result such as a physiological effect). "the right hemisphere plays an important role in mediating tactile perception of direction" h Similar: arbitrate conciliate moderate umpire referee act as peacemaker reconcile differences restore harmony make peace bring to terms liaise intervene step in intercede act as an intermediary interpose temporize ``` ``` be a means of conveying. "this important ministry of mediating the power of the word" h Similar: convey ``` ``` transmit communicate put across/over impart pass on hand on relate ``` reveal form a link between. "structures which mediate gender divisions" adjective adjective: mediate /ˈmiːdɪət/ connected indirectly through another person or thing; involving an intermediate agency. "public law institutions are a type of mediate state administration"

Answer 70

noun noun: medium; plural noun: media; plural noun: mediums 1. an agency or means of doing something. "using the latest technology as a medium for job creation" h Similar: means of communication ``` means/mode of expression means method way form agency channel forum avenue approach vehicle voice organ instrument implement mechanism apparatus instrumentality ``` a means by which something is communicated or expressed. "here the Welsh language is the medium of instruction" h Similar: means of communication ``` means/mode of expression means method way form agency channel forum avenue approach vehicle voice organ instrument implement mechanism apparatus ``` instrumentality 2. the intervening substance through which sensory impressions are conveyed or physical forces are transmitted. "radio communication needs no physical medium between the two stations" the substance in which an organism lives or is cultured. "these cells are grown in a nutrient-rich medium" h Similar: habitat ``` element environment surroundings milieu setting conditions circumstances ambience atmosphere a liquid (e.g. oil or water) with which pigments are mixed, with a binder, to make paint. h Similar: habitat element environment surroundings milieu setting conditions circumstances ambience ``` atmosphere ``` 3. a particular form of storage material for computer files, such as magnetic tape or discs. 4. the material or form used by an artist, composer, or writer. "oil paint is the most popular medium for glazing" 5. a person claiming to be in contact with the spirits of the dead and to communicate between the dead and the living. h Similar: spiritualist clairvoyant mind reader fortune teller seer necromancer spiritist 6. the middle quality or state between two extremes; a reasonable balance. "there is a medium between being modest and boastful" h Similar: middle way middle course middle ground middle mean median mid point central point centre average norm standard compromise balance happy medium golden mean ``` h Opposite: extreme adjective adjective: medium about halfway between two extremes of size or another quality; average. "John is six feet tall, of medium build" h Similar: average ``` middling medium-sized middle-sized moderate fair normal standard usual ``` h Opposite: extreme

Answer 71

adjective adjective: minimal 1. of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree; negligible. "the aircraft suffered minimal damage" h Similar: very little ``` minimum the smallest amount of slightest least least possible minutest tiniest littlest nominal token negligible next to no h Opposite: maximal 2. Art characterized by the use of simple forms or structures, especially geometric or massive ones. ``` characterized by simplicity and lack of adornment or decoration. "minimal, simple evening dresses in luxurious fabrics" 3. Music characterized by the repetition and gradual alteration of short phrases. 4. Linguistics (of a pair of forms) distinguished by only one feature. "‘p’ and ‘b’ are a minimal pair, distinguished by the feature of voicing"

Answer 72

noun noun: ministry; plural noun: ministries ``` 1. (in certain countries) a government department headed by a minister. "the Ministry of Defence" h Similar: government department ``` ``` department bureau agency office 2. the work or vocation of a minister of religion. "he is training for the ministry" h Similar: holy orders the priesthood the cloth the church ``` the period of tenure of a minister of religion. "a tablet in the church commemorates his ministry there" the spiritual work or service of a Christian or a group of Christians, especially evangelism. "a ministry of Christian healing" h Similar: teaching preaching evangelism ``` 3. (in certain countries) a period of government under one prime minister. "Gladstone's first ministry was outstanding" h Similar: period of office term (of office) administration incumbency 4. rare the action of ministering to someone. "the soldiers were no less in need of his ministry" ```

Answer 73

noun noun: mode; plural noun: modes 1. a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done. "his preferred mode of travel was a kayak" h Similar: manner ``` way fashion means method system style approach technique procedure process methodology modus operandi form routine practice ``` ``` an option allowing a change in the method of operation of a device, especially a camera. "a camcorder in automatic mode" h Similar: function ``` position operation role capacity Computing a way of operating or using a system. "some computers provide several so-called processor modes" Physics any of the distinct kinds or patterns of vibration of an oscillating system. Logic the character of a modal proposition (whether necessary, contingent, possible, or impossible). Logic•Grammar another term for mood2. ``` 2. a fashion or style in clothes, art, literature, etc. "in the Seventies the mode for active wear took hold" h Similar: fashion vogue current/latest style style look trend latest thing latest taste craze rage fad general tendency convention custom practice dernier cri 3. Statistics the value that occurs most frequently in a given set of data. 4. Music a set of musical notes forming a scale and from which melodies and harmonies are constructed. ```

Answer 74

noun noun: motive; plural noun: motives ``` 1. a reason for doing something. "police were unable to establish a motive for his murder" h Similar: reason ``` ``` motivation motivating force rationale grounds cause basis occasion thinking the whys and wherefores object purpose intention design incentive inducement impulse incitement influence lure inspiration stimulus stimulation spur goad provocation pressure persuasion consideration 2. a motif in art, literature, or music. h Similar: motif theme idea concept subject topic leitmotif trope ``` element adjective adjective: motive 1. producing physical or mechanical motion. "the charge of gas is the motive force for every piston stroke" h Similar: kinetic ``` driving impelling propelling propulsive operative moving motor 2. causing or being the reason for something. "the motive principle of a writer's work" ```

Answer 75

verb verb: negate; 3rd person present: negates; past tense: negated; past participle: negated; gerund or present participle: negating ``` 1. make ineffective; nullify. "alcohol negates the effects of the drug" h Similar: invalidate ``` ``` nullify render null and void render invalid make ineffective neutralize cancel (out) undo reverse annul void revoke rescind abrogate repeal retract countermand overrule overturn avoid h Opposite: confirm support validate 2. Logic•Grammar make (a clause, sentence, or proposition) negative in meaning. 3. deny the existence of. "negating the political nature of education" h Similar: deny dispute call into question contradict refute rebut ```

Answer 76

noun noun: network; plural noun: networks 1. an arrangement of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines. "a spider constructs a complex network of several different kinds of threads" h Similar: web ``` criss-cross grid lattice net matrix mesh webbing tracery trellis webwork meshwork latticework openwork filigree fretwork réseau reticulum plexus rete reticulation reticule graticule 2. a group or system of interconnected people or things. "the company has a network of 326 branches" h Similar: system complex complex system/arrangement nexus web neural net grapevine bush telegraph old boy network the old school tie ``` ``` a complex system of railways, roads, or other routes. "the railway network" h Similar: maze ``` labyrinth warren jungle tangle a group of people who exchange information and contacts for professional or social purposes. "a support network" a group of broadcasting stations that connect for the simultaneous broadcast of a programme. "network television" a number of interconnected computers, machines, or operations. "a computer network" a system of connected electrical conductors. verb verb: network; 3rd person present: networks; past tense: networked; past participle: networked; gerund or present participle: networking 1. connect as or operate with a network. "compared with the railways the canals were less effectively networked" British broadcast (a programme) on a network. "the Spurs match which ITV had networked" link (computers or other machines) to operate interactively. "more and more PCs are networked together" 2. interact with others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts. "it's so important to network when starting a new business"

Answer 77

adverb adverb: nevertheless in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same. "statements which, although literally true, are nevertheless misleading" h Similar: in spite of that/everything ``` nonetheless even so however but still ```

Answer 78

adverb adverb: nonetheless; adverb: none the less ``` in spite of that; nevertheless. "it was the barest of welcomes, but it was a welcome nonetheless" h Similar: in spite of that/everything ``` ``` nevertheless even so however but still ```

Answer 79

noun noun: norm; noun: the norm ``` 1. something that is usual, typical, or standard. "strikes were the norm" h Similar: standard ``` ``` usual normal typical average the rule predictable unexceptional par for the course what one would expect expected (only) to be expected h Opposite: the exception ``` a standard or pattern, especially of social behaviour, that is typical or expected. plural noun: norms "the norms of good behaviour in the Civil Service" h Similar: convention ``` standard criterion measure gauge yardstick benchmark point of reference touchstone barometer litmus test basis scale rule formula pattern guide guideline model exemplar ``` type a required standard; a level to be complied with or reached. "the 7 per cent pay norm had been breached again" 2. Mathematics the product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components, or the positive square root of this sum. an analogous quantity used to represent the magnitude of a vector. verb verb: norm; 3rd person present: norms; past tense: normed; past participle: normed; gerund or present participle: norming adjust (something) to conform to a norm.

Answer 80

noun noun: notion; plural noun: notions 1. a conception of or belief about something. "children have different notions about the roles of their parents" h Similar: idea ``` belief concept conception conviction opinion view thought impression image perception mental picture assumption presumption hypothesis theory supposition feeling funny feeling suspicion sneaking suspicion hunch understanding awareness knowledge clue inkling the foggiest idea/notion 2. an impulse or desire, especially one of a whimsical kind. "she had a notion to ring her friend at work" h Similar: impulse inclination whim desire wish fancy caprice whimsy 3. North American items used in sewing, such as buttons, pins, and hooks. ```

Answer 81

preposition preposition: notwithstanding ``` in spite of. "notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict" h Similar: in spite of ``` despite regardless of for all adverb adverb: notwithstanding ``` nevertheless; in spite of this. "I didn't like it. Notwithstanding, I remained calm" h Similar: nevertheless ``` ``` nonetheless even so all the same in spite of this/that despite this/that after everything however still yet be that as it may having said that that said for all that just the same anyway in any event at any rate at all events when all is said and done withal ``` howbeit conjunction conjunction: notwithstanding ``` although; in spite of the fact that. "notwithstanding that the hall was packed with bullies, our champion played on steadily and patiently" h Similar: although ``` in spite of the fact that despite the fact that even though

Answer 82

adjective adjective: nuclear ``` 1. relating to the nucleus of an atom. "nuclear chemistry" denoting, relating to, or powered by the energy released in nuclear fission or fusion. "nuclear submarines" denoting, possessing, or involving weapons using nuclear energy. "nuclear warheads" 2. Biology relating to the nucleus of a cell. "nuclear DNA" ```

Answer 83

adjective adjective: objective 1. (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts. "historians try to be objective and impartial" h Similar: impartial ``` unbiased unprejudiced non-partisan disinterested non-discriminatory neutral uninvolved even-handed equitable fair fair-minded just open-minded dispassionate detached impersonal unemotional clinical h Opposite: biased partial prejudiced ``` ``` not dependent on the mind for existence; actual. "a matter of objective fact" h Similar: factual ``` ``` actual real empirical verifiable existing manifest ``` ``` h Opposite: subjective 2. Grammar relating to or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns serving as the object of a transitive verb or a preposition. ``` noun noun: objective; plural noun: objectives; noun: the objective; noun: objective lens; plural noun: objective lenses ``` 1. a thing aimed at or sought; a goal. "the system has achieved its objective" h Similar: aim ``` ``` intention purpose target goal intent object end end in view grail holy grail idea design plan scheme ambition aspiration desire hope the point the object of the exercise 2. Grammar the objective case. 3. the lens in a telescope or microscope nearest to the object observed. "examine with high power objective" ```

Answer 84

noun noun: offset; plural noun: offsets; noun: off-set; plural noun: off-sets /ˈɒfsɛt/ 1. a consideration or amount that diminishes or balances the effect of an opposite one. "widow's bereavement allowance is an offset against income" 2. the amount or distance by which something is out of line. "these wheels have an offset of four inches" Surveying a short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line of measurement. Electronics a small deviation or bias in a voltage or current. "offset adjustment circuits" 3. a side shoot from a plant serving for propagation. "a present of tulip bulbs, offsets, and seeds for his garden" a spur in a mountain range. 4. Architecture a sloping ledge in a wall or other feature where the thickness of the part above is diminished. 5. a bend in a pipe to carry it past an obstacle. "allow for any bend you need including offsets for connecting the downpipe" 6. a method of printing in which ink is transferred from a plate or stone to a uniform rubber surface and from that to the paper. "they produced banknotes by offset" verb verb: offset; 3rd person present: offsets; past tense: offset; past participle: offset; gerund or present participle: offsetting; verb: off-set; 3rd person present: off-sets; past tense: off-set; past participle: off-set; gerund or present participle: off-setting /ˈɒfsɛt,ɒfˈsɛt/ 1. counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or effect. "donations to charities can be offset against tax" h Similar: counterbalance ``` balance balance out cancel cancel out even out/up counteract counterpoise countervail equalize neutralize nullify compensate for make up for make good redeem indemnify atone for redress make amends for make restitution for equilibrize 2. place out of line. "several places where the ridge was offset at right angles to its length" 3. (of ink or a freshly printed page) transfer an impression to the next leaf or sheet. "there was some offsetting on to text" ```

Answer 85

noun singular proper noun: Orient; noun: the Orient; noun: orient /ˈɔːrɪənt,ˈɒrɪənt/ ``` 1. literary the countries of the East, especially East Asia. "the treasures of the Orient" 2. the special lustre of a pearl of the finest quality (with reference to fine pearls from the East). a pearl of the finest quality. plural noun: orients ``` adjective adjective: orient /ˈɔːrɪənt,ˈɒrɪənt/ 1. literary situated in or belonging to the east; oriental. "orient kings" (of the sun, daylight, etc.) rising. "the orient moon" 2. (especially of precious stones) lustrous. verb verb: orient; 3rd person present: orients; past tense: oriented; past participle: oriented; gerund or present participle: orienting; adjective: -oriented /ˈɔːrɪɛnt,ˈɒrɪɛnt/ 1. align or position (something) relative to the points of a compass or other specified positions. "the fires are oriented in direct line with the midsummer sunset" h Similar: align ``` place position put dispose situate set orientate ``` find one's position in relation to unfamiliar surroundings. "there were no street names to enable her to orient herself" h Similar: get/find one's bearings get the lie of the land establish one's location feel one's way orientate orient oneself guide (someone) in a specified direction. "we were oriented towards the building" ``` 2. tailor or adapt (something) to specified circumstances. "magazines oriented to the business community" h Similar: aim direct slant angle pitch steer design intend ```

Answer 86

noun noun: output; plural noun: outputs ``` 1. the amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry. "output from the mine ceased in May" h Similar: production ``` ``` product amount/quantity produced yield harvest return volume gross national product gross domestic product out-turn achievement accomplishment solutions works writings creation ``` oeuvre the action or process of producing something. "the output of certain hormones under stress" the power, energy, or other results supplied by a device or system. "high voltage output: 50–250 amps" 2. Electronics a place where power or information leaves a system. verb verb: output; 3rd person present: outputs; past tense: output; past participle: output; past tense: outputted; past participle: outputted; gerund or present participle: outputting (of a computer or other device) produce, deliver, or supply (data). "you can output the image directly to a video recording system"

Answer 87

adverb adverb: overseas; adverb: oversea; adverb: over-sea /əʊvəˈsiːz/ in or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. "he spent quite a lot of time working overseas" adjective adjective: overseas; adjective: oversea; adjective: over-seas; adjective: over-sea /ˈəʊvəsiːz/ from, to, or relating to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. "overseas trips" Phrases from overseas — from abroad.

Answer 88

noun noun: panel; plural noun: panels 1. a flat or curved component, typically rectangular, that forms or is set into the surface of a door, wall, or ceiling. "a layer of insulating material should be placed between the panels and the wall" a thin piece of metal forming part of the outer shell of a vehicle. "body panels for the car trade" a piece of material forming part of a garment. "the dress has a panel of lace over the bodice" a decorated area within a larger design containing a separate subject. "the central panel depicts the Crucifixion" one of several drawings making up a cartoon strip. "the cartoon strip has four panels" 2. a flat board on which instruments or controls are fixed. "a control panel" h Similar: console ``` instrument panel fascia board dashboard instruments controls dials 3. a small group of people brought together to investigate or decide on a particular matter. "an interview panel" h Similar: group advisory group team body committee jury council board ``` commission British a list of medical practitioners registered in a district as accepting patients under the National Health Service or, formerly, the National Insurance Act. North American a list of available jurors or a jury. 4. Scots Law a person or people charged with an offence. verb verb: panel; 3rd person present: panels; past tense: panelled; past participle: panelled; gerund or present participle: panelling; past tense: paneled; past participle: paneled; gerund or present participle: paneling cover (a wall or other surface) with panels. "we panelled the wall around the window"

Answer 89

noun noun: paradigm; plural noun: paradigms 1. a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model. "society's paradigm of the ‘ideal woman’" h Similar: model ``` pattern example standard prototype archetype ideal gauge criterion paragon exemplar ``` a world view underlying the theories and methodology of a particular scientific subject. "the discovery of universal gravitation became the paradigm of successful science" 2. Linguistics a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles. "English determiners form a paradigm: we can say ‘a book’ or ‘his book’ but not ‘a his book’" 3. (in the traditional grammar of Latin, Greek, and other inflected languages) a table of all the inflected forms of a particular verb, noun, or adjective, serving as a model for other words of the same conjugation or declension.

Answer 90

adjective adjective: parallel ``` 1. (of lines, planes, or surfaces) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them. "parallel lines never meet" h Similar: side by side ``` ``` aligned collateral equidistant 2. occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way; corresponding. "a parallel universe" h Similar: similar analogous comparable corresponding like resembling much the same of a kind akin related kindred equivalent correspondent homologous analogical cognate coequal matching duplicate coexisting coexistent concurrent contemporaneous simultaneous synchronous h Opposite: different dissimilar ``` divergent 3. of or denoting electrical components or circuits connected to common points at each end, rather than one to another in sequence. 4. Computing involving the simultaneous performance of operations. "highly parallel multiprocessor systems" noun noun: parallel; plural noun: parallels; noun: parallel of latitude; plural noun: parallels of latitude 1. a person or thing that is similar or analogous to another. "a challenge which has no parallel in peacetime this century" h Similar: counterpart ``` analogue equivalent likeness correspondent match twin duplicate equal coequal mirror homologue ``` ``` a similarity or comparison. "she draws a parallel between personal destiny and social forces" h Similar: similarity ``` ``` likeness resemblance analogy correspondence equivalence correlation comparison relation symmetry parity parallelism similitude ``` coequality 2. each of the imaginary parallel circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface. 3. Printing two parallel lines (‖) as a reference mark. verb verb: parallel; 3rd person present: parallels; past tense: paralleled; past participle: paralleled; gerund or present participle: paralleling 1. be side by side with (something extending in a line), always keeping the same distance; run or lie parallel to. "a big concrete gutter that paralleled the road" 2. be similar or corresponding to. "the increase in the quality of wines has paralleled the rise of interest in food" h Similar: resemble ``` be similar to be like bear a resemblance to correspond to be analogous to be comparable/equivalent to compare with equate with/to correlate with imitate echo remind one of duplicate mirror repeat recreate follow match be in harmony with chime (in) with coincide with keep pace with equal rival emulate ``` touch Phrases in parallel — occurring at the same time and having some connection. "various elements of the booster station have been developed in parallel"

Answer 91

verb verb: perceive; 3rd person present: perceives; past tense: perceived; past participle: perceived; gerund or present participle: perceiving 1. become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. "his mouth fell open as he perceived the truth" h Similar: discern ``` recognize become cognizant of become aware of become conscious of get/come to know tell distinguish grasp understand take in make out find identify hit on comprehend apprehend figure out deduce conclude see discover learn appreciate realize ascertain sense divine intuit catch on to have an aha moment twig cognize ``` become aware of (something) by the use of one of the senses, especially that of sight. "he perceived the faintest of flushes creeping up her neck" h Similar: see ``` make out pick out discern detect catch sight of spot observe glimpse notice recognize identify hear smell sniff (out) scent nose out feel taste ``` sense ``` 2. interpret or regard (someone or something) in a particular way. "if Guy does not perceive himself as disabled, nobody else should" h Similar: look on view regard consider think of judge deem ```

Answer 92

noun noun: period; plural noun: periods; noun: menstrual period; plural noun: menstrual periods ``` 1. a length or portion of time. "he had long periods of depression" h Similar: time ``` ``` spell interval stretch term span phase session bout run space duration chapter stage while patch ``` ``` a portion of time in the life of a nation, civilization, etc. characterized by the same prevalent features or conditions. "the early medieval period" h Similar: era ``` ``` age epoch time days years aeon generation date a major division of geological time that is a subdivision of an era and is itself subdivided into epochs. "the Cretaceous period" each of the set divisions of the day in a school allocated to a lesson or other activity. "two periods of PE are allocated on the timetable" h Similar: lesson class ``` session each of the divisions of the playing time of a sporting event. "the Lightnings ran at the Leafs hard in a very rough first period" 2. Physics the interval of time between successive occurrences of the same state in an oscillatory or cyclic phenomenon, such as a mechanical vibration, an alternating current, a variable star, or an electromagnetic wave. Astronomy the time taken by a celestial object to rotate about its axis, or to make one circuit of its orbit. Mathematics the interval between successive equal values of a periodic function. ``` 3. a flow of blood and other material from the lining of the uterus, occurring in non-pregnant women at intervals of about 28 days between puberty and the menopause and typically lasting for a few days. "she's got her period" h Similar: menstruation menstrual flow the curse monthlies time of the month menses time flowers 4. North American a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation; a full stop. h Similar: point stop full stop full point ``` informal•North American added to the end of a statement to indicate that no further discussion is possible or desirable. "he is the sole owner of the trademark, period" h Similar: and that's that finis full stop 5. Chemistry a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table. 6. Rhetoric a complex sentence, especially one consisting of several clauses, constructed as part of a formal speech or oration. Music a complete idea, typically consisting of two or four phrases. adjective adjective: period belonging to or characteristic of a past historical time, especially in style or design. "an attractive and beautifully modernized period house" Phrases put a period to — put an end to. "in dry climates, the onset of summer drought may put a period to plant activity"

Answer 93

verb verb: persist; 3rd person present: persists; past tense: persisted; past participle: persisted; gerund or present participle: persisting continue in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. "the minority of drivers who persist in drinking" h Similar: persevere ``` continue carry on go on keep at it keep on keep going keep it up not give up be persistent be determined see/follow something through show determination press on/ahead plod on plough on stay with something not take no for an answer be tenacious be pertinacious insist be patient be diligent stand one's ground stand fast/firm hold on hold out go the distance stay the course grind away struggle on hammer away stop at nothing leave no stone unturned plug away peg away stick at it soldier on hang on stick to one's guns stick it out hang in there bash on h Opposite: abandon stop ``` ``` continue to exist; be prolonged. "if the symptoms persist for more than a few days, then contact your doctor" h Similar: continue ``` ``` hold carry on last keep on keep up remain ```

Answer 94

noun noun: phase; plural noun: phases ``` 1. a distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or development. "the final phases of the war" h Similar: stage ``` ``` period chapter episode part step point time juncture ``` a stage in a person's psychological development, especially a period of temporary difficulty during adolescence or a particular stage during childhood. "most of your fans are going through a phase" h Similar: period stage time spell patch each of the separate events in an eventing competition. ``` 2. each of the aspects of the moon or a planet, according to the amount of its illumination, especially the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter. h Similar: aspect shape form appearance state ``` condition 3. Zoology a genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration. "the invertebrate residents of the tundra pass the winter in dormant phase" 4. Chemistry a distinct and homogeneous form of matter (i.e. a particular solid, liquid, or gas) separated by its surface from other forms. "solid carbon dioxide passes directly into the gas phase without becoming a liquid" 5. Physics the relationship in time between the successive states or cycles of an oscillating or repeating system (such as an alternating electric current or a light or sound wave) and either a fixed reference point or the states or cycles of another system with which it may or may not be in synchrony. "there are two output channels, one fixed in phase and the other variable in phase between 0 and 360 degrees" each of the electrical windings or connections of a polyphase machine or circuit. 6. Linguistics (in systemic grammar) the relationship between a catenative verb and the verb that follows it, as in she hoped to succeed and I like swimming. a structure containing two verbs in a phase. verb verb: phase; 3rd person present: phases; past tense: phased; past participle: phased; gerund or present participle: phasing 1. carry out (something) in gradual stages. "the work is being phased over a number of years" introduce something into (or withdraw something from) use in gradual stages. "the changes will be phased in over 10 years" h Similar: introduce gradually ``` incorporate by stages begin using ease in start using eliminate gradually discontinue get rid of by stages stop using ease off run down wind down wind up deactivate finish ``` end 2. Physics adjust the phase of (something), especially so as to synchronize it with something else. "about 70% of the reflections were phased by this method" Phrases in phase being or happening in synchrony or harmony. "the cabling work should be carried out in phase with the building work" out of phase being or happening out of synchrony or harmony. "database operations tend to be out of phase with user

Answer 95

preposition preposition: plus ``` 1. with the addition of. "two plus four is six" h Similar: and ``` added to increased by with the addition of ``` informal together with. "all apartments have a small kitchen plus private bathroom" h Similar: as well as ``` ``` together with along with in addition to added to and not to mention besides coupled with with ``` ``` h Opposite: minus 2. (of temperature) above zero. "the temperature is frequently plus 35 degrees at midday" ``` adjective adjective: plus 1. (after a number or amount) at least. "companies put losses at $500,000 plus" (after a grade) rather better than. "B plus" 2. (before a number) above zero; positive. "plus 60 degrees centigrade" 3. having a positive electric charge. noun noun: plus; plural noun: pluses; plural noun: plusses 1. short for plus sign. a mathematical operation of addition. "a minus and a plus make another minus" 2. an advantage. "knowing the language is a decided plus" h Similar: advantage ``` good point plus point asset pro benefit added advantage additional benefit fringe benefit bonus extra added extra perk dividend attraction attractive feature beauty perquisite h Opposite: disadvantage drawback ``` minus conjunctioninformal conjunction: plus furthermore; also. "it's packed full of medical advice, plus it keeps you informed about the latest research" Phrases on the plus side used to introduce a positive statement. "on the plus side, the staff are enthusiastic and good-natured" plus or minus used to define the margin of error of an estimate or calculation. "the coral was estimated to be 840 years

Answer 96

noun noun: practitioner; plural noun: practitioners a person actively engaged in an art, discipline, or profession, especially medicine. "patients are treated by skilled practitioners"

Answer 97

verb verb: precede; 3rd person present: precedes; past tense: preceded; past participle: preceded; gerund or present participle: preceding ``` come before (something) in time. "a gun battle had preceded the explosions" h Similar: go/come before ``` ``` go in advance of lead up to lead to pave the way for prepare the way for set the scene for herald introduce usher in antecede predate antedate forego prevene h Opposite: follow succeed ``` come before in order or position. "take time to read the chapters that precede the recipes" go in front or ahead of. "he let her precede him through the gate" h Similar: go ahead of ``` go in front of go before go first lead the way preface or introduce something with. "he preceded the book with a collection of poems" h Similar: preface prefix introduce begin open launch ```

Answer 98

adjective adjective: preliminary ``` preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important. "a preliminary draft" h Similar: preparatory ``` ``` introductory initial opening prefatory prior preceding lead-in initiatory precursory early advance exploratory pilot test trial experimental explorative precursive prodromal prodromic preludial prelusive prelusory qualifying eliminating h Opposite: concluding closing ``` final noun noun: preliminary; plural noun: preliminaries ``` a preliminary action or event. "the bombardment was resumed as a preliminary to an infantry attack" h Similar: prelude ``` ``` preparation preliminary action overture groundwork first round ``` business or talk, especially of a formulaic or polite nature, taking place before an action or event. "she began speaking, without preliminaries" h Similar: introduction preamble opening opening/prefatory remarks formalities a preliminary round in a sporting competition. the prelims of a text. Phrases preliminary to — preparatory to; in advance of.

Answer 99

verb verb: presume; 3rd person present: presumes; past tense: presumed; past participle: presumed; gerund or present participle: presuming 1. suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability. "I presumed that the man had been escorted from the building" h Similar: assume ``` suppose dare say imagine take it expect believe think surmise guess judge trust conjecture speculate postulate posit hypothesize deduce divine infer conclude presuppose take for granted take as read ``` take for granted that something exists or is the case. "the argument presumes that only one person can do the work" ``` 2. be arrogant or impertinent enough to do something. "kindly don't presume to issue me orders in my own house" h Similar: venture dare have the temerity have the audacity have the effrontery be so bold as make so bold as go so far as take the liberty of ``` make unjustified demands; take liberties. "forgive me if I have presumed" unjustifiably regard (something) as entitling one to privileges. "he was wary of presuming on the close friendship between them" h Similar: take advantage of take unfair advantage of exploit take liberties with

Answer 100

adjective adjective: prime ``` 1. of first importance; main. "a nurse's prime concern is the well-being of the patient" h Similar: main ``` ``` chief key primary central principal foremost first most important paramount major dominant supreme overriding cardinal pre-eminent ultimate number-one fundamental basic essential elemental vital h Opposite: secondary subordinate ``` from which another thing may derive or proceed. "Diogenes' conclusion that air is the prime matter" ``` 2. of the best possible quality; excellent. "prime cuts of meat" h Similar: top-quality highest quality top top-tier best first-class first-rate high-grade grade A superior supreme flawless choice select finest superlative peak optimal model excellent marvellous magnificent superb fine wonderful exceptional formidable top of the range top of the line tip-top A1 stellar top-notch h Opposite: inferior ``` having all the typical characteristics of something. "the novel is a prime example of the genre" h Similar: archetypal ``` prototypical typical classic ideal excellent standard stock conventional characteristic ``` quintessential most suitable or likely. "any hospital with high costs is a prime candidate for closure" 3. Mathematics (of a number) divisible only by itself and unity (e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11). (of two or more numbers in relation to each other) having no common factor but unity. "a congruence whose modulus is a number prime to b" noun noun: prime; plural noun: primes ``` 1. the state or time of greatest vigour or success in a person's life. "you're in the prime of life" h Similar: heyday ``` ``` best days/years day time prime of one's life maturity youth springtime salad days bloom flowering full flowering perfection peak pinnacle height high point/spot zenith ascendancy ``` archaic the beginning of something. "the prime of the world" 2. Christian Church a service forming part of the Divine Office of the Western Church, traditionally said at the first hour of the day (i.e. 6 a.m.), but now little used. 3. a prime number. 4. Printing a symbol (ʹ) written after a letter or symbol as a distinguishing mark or after a figure as a symbol for minutes or feet. 5. Fencing the first of eight parrying positions, used to protect the upper inside of the body, with the sword hand at head height in pronation and the tip of the blade pointing downwards. 6. a special section in a cycle race, attracting a special prize.

Answer 101

adjective adjective: principal ``` 1. first in order of importance; main. "the country's principal cities" h Similar: main ``` ``` chief primary leading foremost first most important predominant dominant (most) prominent key crucial vital essential basic staple critical pivotal salient prime central focal premier paramount major ruling master supreme overriding cardinal capital pre-eminent ultimate uppermost highest utmost top topmost arch- number-one h Opposite: minor subordinate ``` subsidiary 2. denoting an original sum invested or lent. "the principal amount of your investment" noun noun: principal; plural noun: principals 1. the most important or senior person in an organization or group. "a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco" h Similar: boss ``` chief chief executive (officer) CEO chairman chairwoman managing director MD president director manager employer head leader ruler controller head honcho gaffer governor guv'nor ``` the head of a school, college, or other educational institution. "I was appointed principal of the new school" h Similar: head teacher ``` head headmaster headmistress director dean rector warden chancellor vice chancellor president provost governor prexy prex the leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. "the singing style of the principals" h Similar: leading actor/actress leading player/performer leading man/lady lead star protagonist hero heroine leading role title role prima donna diva ``` prima ballerina Music the leading player in each section of an orchestra. "he had been an outstanding principal in the orchestra" (in certain professions) a fully qualified practitioner. "principals in general practice are self-employed and controlled by their practice agreements" (in the UK) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section. ``` 2. a sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid. "the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal" h Similar: capital sum capital capital funds working capital financial resources money debt ``` loan 3. a person for whom another acts as an agent or representative. "stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals" 4. Law the person directly responsible for a crime. historical each of the combatants in a duel. 5. a main rafter supporting purlins. 6. an organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason. "all the principals are on one manual" Phrases principal in the first degree a person who directly perpetrates a crime. principal in the second degree a person who directly aids the perpetration of a crime.

Answer 102

noun noun: project; plural noun: projects; noun: housing project; plural noun: housing projects /ˈprɒdʒɛkt/ ``` 1. an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. "a research project" a piece of research work undertaken by a school or college student. "a history project" h Similar: assignment ``` ``` piece of work homework piece of research task a proposed or planned undertaking. "the novel undermines its own stated project of telling a story" h Similar: scheme plan plan of action programme enterprise undertaking venture activity operation campaign proposal proposition idea ``` conception 2. North American a government-subsidized housing development with relatively low rents. "her family still lives in the projects" verb verb: project; 3rd person present: projects; past tense: projected; past participle: projected; gerund or present participle: projecting /prəˈdʒɛkt/ 1. estimate or forecast (something) on the basis of present trends or data. "spending was projected at £72,900 million" h Similar: forecast ``` predict estimate calculate gauge reckon expect extrapolate ``` ``` plan (a scheme or undertaking). "in the later 1930s, many new road schemes were projected" h Similar: intend ``` ``` plan propose map out devise design ``` outline ``` 2. extend outwards beyond something else; protrude. "I noticed a slip of paper projecting from the book" h Similar: stick out jut out jut protrude extend stand out hang over overhang bulge out poke out lap over ride over thrust out obtrude cantilever be imminent protuberate 3. throw or cause to move forward or outward. "seeds are projected from the tree" h Similar: throw cast fling hurl toss lob launch discharge propel shoot chuck sling bung heave ``` cause (light, shadow, or an image) to fall on a surface. "the one light projected shadows on the wall" h Similar: cast ``` throw send shed let fall reflect ``` shine cause (a sound) to be heard at a distance. "being audible depends on your ability to project your voice" imagine (oneself, a situation, etc.) as having moved to a different place or time. "people may be projecting the present into the past" ``` 4. present or promote (a particular view or image). "he strives to project an image of youth" h Similar: convey put across put over communicate present promote present oneself as ``` present (someone or something) in a particular way. "she liked to project herself more as a friend than a doctor" display (an emotion or quality) in one's behaviour. "everyone would be amazed that a young girl could project such depths of emotion" attribute or transfer an emotion or desire to (another person), especially unconsciously. "men may sometimes project their own fears on to women" h Similar: attribute ascribe impute assign externalize 5. Geometry draw straight lines through (a given figure) to produce a corresponding figure on a surface or a line. 6. make a projection of (the earth, sky, etc.) on a plane surface

Answer 103

noun noun: prospect; plural noun: prospects /ˈprɒspɛkt/ 1. the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring. "there was no prospect of a reconciliation" h Similar: likelihood ``` hope expectation anticipation (good/poor) chance chances odds probability possibility likeliness promise lookout dream fear danger hazard coming soon on the way in the pipeline likely to happen to come coming up at hand close/near at hand near imminent in the offing in view in store on the horizon in the wings just around the corner in the air in the wind brewing upcoming forthcoming impending approaching on the cards ``` a mental picture of a future or anticipated event. "moving to a new home a long distance away can be a worrying prospect" h Similar: vision ``` thought idea contemplation task undertaking chances or opportunities for success or wealth. "the poor prospects for the steel industry" h Similar: possibilities potential promise expectations outlook future ``` scope ``` 2. a person regarded as likely to succeed or as a potential customer, client, etc. "Norwich's unbeaten heavyweight prospect" h Similar: candidate possibility catch ``` a place likely to yield mineral deposits. "additional exploration prospects have been identified in this area" ``` 3. an extensive view of landscape. "a viewpoint commanding a magnificent prospect of the estuary" h Similar: view vista outlook perspective panorama aspect scene scenery sweep landscape seascape townscape cityscape surroundings picture spectacle sight ``` lookout verb verb: prospect; 3rd person present: prospects; past tense: prospected; past participle: prospected; gerund or present participle: prospecting /prəˈspɛkt/ search for mineral deposits, especially by drilling and excavation. "the company is also prospecting for gold" h Similar: inspect ``` survey make a survey of explore search scout reconnoitre examine check out look seek hunt go after dowse ``` search for; seek. "many charities are prospecting for new donors"

Answer 104

noun noun: protocol; plural noun: protocols 1. the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions. "protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his defence" the accepted or established code of procedure or behaviour in any group, organization, or situation. "what is the protocol at a smart lunch if one's neighbour dozes off during the speeches?" h Similar: etiquette ``` conventions formalities customs rules of conduct procedure ritual code of behaviour accepted behaviour conventionalities propriety proprieties one's Ps and Qs decorum manners courtesies civilities good form the done thing the thing to do punctilio ``` politesse ``` 2. the original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties. "signatories to the Montreal Protocol" h Similar: agreement treaty entente concord concordat convention deal pact contract compact settlement arrangement armistice truce engagement ``` an amendment or addition to a treaty or convention. "a protocol to the treaty allowed for this Danish referendum" 3. a formal or official record of scientific experimental observations. "protocols of published cases frequently lack this vital information" a procedure for carrying out a scientific experiment or a course of medical treatment. "a study protocol approved by the ethics committee of the hospital" 4. Computing a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Answer 105

verb verb: pursue; 3rd person present: pursues; past tense: pursued; past participle: pursued; gerund or present participle: pursuing ``` 1. follow or chase (someone or something). "the officer pursued the van" h Similar: go after ``` ``` run after follow chase give chase to hunt stalk track trail trace shadow dog hound course tail h Opposite: avoid flee ``` persistently seek to form a sexual relationship with (someone). "Sophie was being pursued by a number of men" h Similar: woo ``` court pay court to pay suit to chase after chase run after make up to make love to romance set one's cap at seek the hand of pay addresses to seek to attain or accomplish (a goal) over a long period. "should people pursue their own happiness at the expense of others?" h Similar: strive for push towards work towards try for seek search for quest (after) be intent on aim at/for have as a goal have as an objective aspire to ``` h Opposite: eschew archaic•literary (of something unpleasant) persistently afflict (someone). "mercy lasts as long as sin pursues man" 2. continue or proceed along (a path or route). "the road pursued a straight course over the scrubland" engage in (an activity or course of action). "Andrew was determined to pursue a computer career" h Similar: engage in ``` be engaged in be occupied in participate in take part in work at practise follow prosecute conduct ply apply oneself to go in for take up h Opposite: shun continue to investigate or explore (an idea or argument). "we shall not pursue the matter any further" h Similar: conduct undertake follow carry on devote oneself to go on with ```

Answer 106

verb verb: quote; 3rd person present: quotes; past tense: quoted; past participle: quoted; gerund or present participle: quoting 1. repeat or copy out (words from a text or speech written or spoken by another person). "I realized she was quoting passages from Shakespeare" h Similar: recite ``` repeat say again reproduce restate retell echo iterate parrot take extract excerpt derive misquote ingeminate ``` repeat a statement by (someone). "a military spokesman was quoted as saying that the border was now quiet" mention or refer to (someone or something) to provide evidence or authority for a statement or opinion. "the examples quoted above could be multiplied from case studies from all over England" h Similar: cite ``` mention refer to make reference to give name instance specify identify relate recount enumerate list itemize spell out allude to adduce exemplify put forward point out call attention to present offer advance ``` propose put forward or describe someone or something as being. "heavy teaching loads are often quoted as a bad influence on research" ``` 2. give someone (the estimated price of a job or service). "a garage quoted him £30" h Similar: estimate state set tender bid offer ``` price something at name at (specified odds). "he is quoted as 9–2 favourite to score the first goal of the match" 3. Stock Market give (a company) a quotation or listing on a stock exchange. "a British conglomerate quoted on the London Stock Exchange" noun noun: quote; plural noun: quotes 1. a quotation from a text or speech. "a quote from Wordsworth" quotation marks. "use double quotes around precise phrases you wish to search for" 2. a quotation giving the estimated cost for a particular job or service. "quotes from different insurance companies" 3. Stock Market a price offered by a market-maker for the sale or purchase of a stock or other security. "quotes for North Sea Brent were rising" a quotation or listing of a company on a stock exchange. Phrases quote — unquote — used when speaking to indicate a statement or passage that one is quoting. "the second sentence says, quote, there has never been a better time to invest in the commodities market, unquote"

Answer 107

adjective adjective: radical 1. (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough. "a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework" h Similar: thoroughgoing ``` thorough complete total entire absolute utter comprehensive exhaustive root-and-branch sweeping far-reaching wide-ranging extensive profound drastic severe serious major desperate stringent violent forceful rigorous draconian h Opposite: superficial ``` forming an inherent or fundamental part of the nature of someone or something. "the assumption of radical differences between the mental attributes of literate and non-literate peoples" h Similar: fundamental ``` basic essential quintessential inherent innate structural deep-seated intrinsic organic constitutive root ``` h Opposite: minor (of surgery or medical treatment) thorough and intended to be completely curative. ``` 2. advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party. h Similar: revolutionary progressive reforming reformist revisionist progressivist leftist left-wing ultra-left socialist anti-capitalist extreme extremist fanatical militant diehard red swivel-eyed derogatory Bolshevik h Opposite: conservative reactionary ``` moderate historical•British belonging to an extreme section of the Liberal party during the 19th century. characterized by independence of or departure from tradition; innovative or unorthodox. "the daring, avant-garde spirit of the music was too radical for the conservative audience" 3. Linguistics denoting or relating to the roots of a word. Music belonging to the root of a chord. 4. Mathematics relating to or forming the root of a number or quantity. 5. Botany of, or springing direct from, the root or stem base of a plant. 6. informal•North American very good; excellent. "Okay, then. Seven o'clock. Radical!" noun noun: radical; plural noun: radicals ``` 1. a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social change, or a member of a political party or section of a party pursuing such aims. h Similar: revolutionary ``` ``` progressive reformer revisionist leftist left-winger socialist militant zealot extremist fanatic diehard ultra red derogatory Bolshevik Bolshevist h Opposite: conservative reactionary moderate 2. Chemistry a group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds. 3. the root or base form of a word. ``` any of the basic set of approximately 214 Chinese characters constituting semantically or functionally significant elements in the composition of other characters and used as a means of classifying characters in dictionaries. 4. Mathematics a quantity forming or expressed as the root of another. a radical sign.

Answer 108

noun noun: range; plural noun: ranges 1. the area of variation between upper and lower limits on a particular scale. "the cost will be in the range of $1–5 million a day" h Similar: span ``` scope compass radius scale gamut reach sweep extent area field orbit ambit province realm domain horizon latitude limits bounds confines parameters vary fluctuate differ extend stretch cover go run pass ``` the scope of a person's knowledge or abilities. "in this film he gave some indication of his range" the compass of a person's voice or a musical instrument. "she was gifted with an incredible vocal range" the period of time covered by something such as a forecast. the area covered by or included in something. "a guide to the range of debate this issue has generated" Mathematics the set of values that a given function can take as its argument varies. ``` 2. a set of different things of the same general type. "the area offers a wide range of activities for the tourist" h Similar: assortment variety diversity mixture collection array set selection choice pick kind sort type class rank order genus species 3. the distance within which a person can see or hear. "something lurked just beyond her range of vision" ``` the maximum distance to which a gun will shoot or over which a missile will travel. "these rockets have a range of 30 to 40 miles" the maximum distance at which a radio transmission can be effectively received. "planets within radio range of Earth" the distance that can be covered by a vehicle or aircraft without refuelling. "the vans have a range of 125 miles" the distance between a camera and the subject to be photographed. "handheld shots taken at extreme telephoto ranges can be pretty wobbly affairs" ``` 4. a line or series of mountains or hills. "a mountain range" h Similar: row chain sierra cordillera ridge massif line file rank string series ``` Australian•New Zealand mountainous or hilly country. "no one would know if he had survived to live out his life in the ranges back from the river country" ``` 5. a large area of open land for grazing or hunting. "on dude ranches, tourists put on crisp new western gear to ride the range" h Similar: pasture pasturage pastureland grass grassland grazing land ley paddock croft lea mead greensward sward shieling bent bawn run veld alp bocage potrero ``` an area of land or sea used as a testing ground for military equipment. "the cost of dealing with unexploded shells and bombs on former military ranges" an open or enclosed area with targets for shooting practice. "he went down to the ranges to practise shooting" the area over which a plant or animal is distributed. "the chimpanzee extensively overlaps the gorilla in its forest range" ``` 6. a large cooking stove with burners or hotplates and one or more ovens, all of which are kept continually hot. "a wood-burning kitchen range" h Similar: stove cooking stove kitchen stove ``` Aga North American an electric or gas cooker. 7. a row of buildings. "Townesend's Durham quadrangle range at Trinity College" a continuous stretch of a building. 8. archaic the direction or position in which something lies. "the range of the hills and valleys is nearly from north to south" verb verb: range; 3rd person present: ranges; past tense: ranged; past participle: ranged; gerund or present participle: ranging; adjective: -ranging ``` 1. vary or extend between specified limits. "prices range from £30 to £100" h Similar: vary ``` ``` fluctuate differ extend stretch reach cover go run pass 2. place or arrange in a row or rows or in a specified manner. "a table with half a dozen chairs ranged around it" h Similar: line up align draw up put/set in order order place position arrange dispose set out array rank ``` run or extend in a line in a particular direction. "he regularly came to the benches that ranged along the path" British•Printing (with reference to type) align or be aligned, especially at the ends of successive lines. ``` 3. place oneself or be placed in opposition to (a person or group). "Japan ranged herself against the European nations" 4. (of a person or animal) travel or wander over a wide area. "patrols ranged deep into enemy territory" h Similar: roam rove traverse travel journey wander stray drift ramble meander amble stroll traipse walk hike trek backpack ``` peregrinate (of a person's eyes) pass from one person or thing to another. "his eyes ranged over them" (of something written or spoken) cover a wide number of different topics. "tutorials ranged over a variety of subjects" 5. obtain the range of a target by adjustment after firing past it or short of it, or by the use of radar or laser equipment. "radar-type transmissions which appeared to be ranging on our convoys" (of a projectile) cover a specified distance. (of a gun) send a projectile over a specified distance. Phrases at a range of — with a specified distance between one person or thing and another. "she fired at a range of a few inches"

Answer 109

adjective adjective: rational 1. based on or in accordance with reason or logic. "I'm sure there's a perfectly rational explanation" h Similar: logical ``` reasoned well reasoned sensible reasonable cogent coherent intelligent wise judicious sagacious astute shrewd perceptive enlightened clear-eyed clear-sighted commonsensical common-sense well advised well grounded sound sober prudent circumspect politic down-to-earth practical pragmatic matter-of-fact hard-headed unidealistic joined-up h Opposite: irrational illogical ``` ``` able to think sensibly or logically. "Ursula's upset—she's not being very rational" h Similar: lucid ``` ``` coherent sane in one's right mind able to think/reason clearly of sound mind normal balanced well balanced clear-headed compos mentis all there h Opposite: insane endowed with the capacity to reason. "man is a rational being" h Similar: intelligent thinking discriminating reasoning cognitive mental cerebral logical analytical conceptual ``` ratiocinative 2. Mathematics (of a number, quantity, or expression) expressible, or containing quantities which are expressible, as a ratio of whole numbers.

Answer 110

noun noun: regime; plural noun: regimes; noun: régime; plural noun: régimes 1. a government, especially an authoritarian one. "ideological opponents of the regime" h Similar: government ``` authorities system of government rule reign dominion sovereignty jurisdiction authority control command administration establishment direction management leadership 2. a system or ordered way of doing things. "detention centres with a very tough physical regime" h Similar: system arrangement scheme code apparatus mechanism order pattern method procedure routine policy practice course plan programme diet regimen ``` a coordinated programme for the promotion or restoration of health; a regimen. "a low-calorie, low-fat regime" the conditions under which a scientific or industrial process occurs.

Answer 111

verb verb: regulate; 3rd person present: regulates; past tense: regulated; past participle: regulated; gerund or present participle: regulating control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly. "a hormone which regulates metabolism" h Similar: control ``` adjust manage balance set synchronize modulate tune ``` control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and regulations. "the Code regulates the takeovers of all public companies" h Similar: supervise ``` oversee police superintend monitor check (up on) keep an eye on inspect administer be responsible for control manage direct guide govern rule order keep tabs on keep a tab on ``` keep a beady eye on set (a clock or other apparatus) according to an external standard. "the standard time by which other clocks were regulated"

Answer 112

verb verb: reinforce; 3rd person present: reinforces; past tense: reinforced; past participle: reinforced; gerund or present participle: reinforcing strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material. "the helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork" h Similar: strengthen ``` fortify bolster up shore up buttress prop up underpin brace stiffen toughen support hold up underprop ``` strengthen (an existing feeling, idea, or habit). "the next few months reinforced my opinion of Vince as a man of his word" h Similar: strengthen ``` fortify bolster up shore up buttress prop up underpin support cement uphold defend maintain back (up) buoy up boost give a boost to aid assist help promote encourage deepen broaden enrich enhance intensify improve underline heighten emphasize stress strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment. "paratroopers were sent to reinforce the troops already in the area" h Similar: augment increase add to supplement boost swell build up ```

Answer 113

noun noun: reluctance 1. unwillingness or disinclination to do something. "she sensed his reluctance to continue" h Similar: unwillingness ``` disinclination lack of enthusiasm hesitation hesitance hesitancy diffidence timidity timorousness trepidation demurral wavering vacillation foot-dragging resistance doubts second thoughts scruples qualms pangs of conscience misgivings disrelish h Opposite: willingness eagerness 2. Physics the property of a magnetic circuit of opposing the passage of magnetic flux lines, equal to the ratio of the magnetomotive force to the magnetic flux. ```

Answer 114

verb verb: reside; 3rd person present: resides; past tense: resided; past participle: resided; gerund or present participle: residing 1. have one's permanent home in a particular place. "people who work in the city actually reside in neighbouring towns" h Similar: live in ``` occupy inhabit have one's home in be settled in have taken up residence in have established oneself in stay in lodge in hang out in hang one's hat in dwell in be domiciled in sojourn in bide in h Opposite: visit ``` ``` be situated. "the paintings now reside on the walls of a restaurant" h Similar: be situated ``` be placed be found be located lie repose ``` 2. (of power or a right) belong to a person or body. "legislative powers reside with the Federal Assembly" h Similar: belong to be vested in be bestowed on be conferred on be entrusted to be in the hands of ``` (of a quality) be present or inherent in something. "the meaning of an utterance does not wholly reside in the semantic meaning" h Similar: be inherent in be intrinsic to be present in inhere in exist in

Answer 115

verb verb: resolve; 3rd person present: resolves; past tense: resolved; past participle: resolved; gerund or present participle: resolving 1. settle or find a solution to (a problem or contentious matter). "the firm aims to resolve problems within 30 days" h Similar: settle ``` sort out solve find a solution to find an answer to fix work out straighten out deal with put right set right put to rights rectify iron out reconcile answer explain fathom unravel disentangle clarify clear up throw light on sew up hammer out thrash out patch up crack figure out ``` Medicine cause (a symptom or condition) to heal or subside. "endoscopic biliary drainage can rapidly resolve jaundice" (of a symptom or condition) heal or subside. "symptoms resolved after a median of four weeks" Music (with reference to a discord) pass or cause to pass into a concord during the course of harmonic change. "dissonant notes resolve conventionally by rising or falling to form part of a new chord" ``` 2. decide firmly on a course of action. "she resolved to ring Dana as soon as she got home" h Similar: determine decide make up one's mind take a decision reach a decision conclude come to the conclusion settle on a plan of action ``` (of a legislative body or other formal meeting) make a decision by a formal vote. "the executive resolved that a strike would be detrimental to all concerned" h Similar: vote ``` pass a resolution rule move decide formally agree ``` undertake ``` 3. Chemistry separate or cause to be separated into constituent parts or components. "alpha-zein is often resolved into two major size components" h Similar: break down break up separate reduce decompose divide disintegrate dissolve h Opposite: combine ``` reduce a subject, statement, etc. by mental analysis into (separate elements or a more elementary form). "the ability to resolve facts into their legal categories" h Similar: analyse dissect break down anatomize Physics analyse (a force or velocity) into components acting in particular directions. ``` 4. (of something seen at a distance) turn into a different form when seen more clearly. "the orange light resolved itself into four roadwork lanterns" h Similar: turn into be transformed into become clearly visible as change into metamorphose into ``` ``` be transmuted into (of optical or photographic equipment) separate or distinguish between (closely adjacent objects). "Hubble was able to resolve six variable stars in M31" separately distinguish (peaks in a graph or spectrum). ``` noun noun: resolve; plural noun: resolves ``` 1. firm determination to do something. "she received information that strengthened her resolve" h Similar: determination ``` ``` resolution firmness of purpose fixity of purpose purpose purposefulness resoluteness single-mindedness strength of will strength of character will power firmness intentness decision decidedness steadfastness staunchness manfulness perseverance persistence indefatigability tenacity tenaciousness staying power strong-mindedness backbone dedication commitment constancy the bulldog spirit pertinacity pertinaciousness stubbornness doggedness obstinacy obdurateness obduracy inflexibility spiritedness braveness bravery boldness courage courageousness pluck pluckiness stout-heartedness Sitzfleisch guts spunk grit stickability stick-to-it-iveness intension perseveration intention conclusion h Opposite: indecision 2. US a formal resolution by a legislative body or public meeting. ```

Answer 116

noun noun: resource; plural noun: resources 1. a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively. "local authorities complained that they lacked resources" h Similar: assets ``` funds wealth money riches capital deep pockets staff people supplies materials store(s) stock(s) reserve(s) holding(s) supply reservoir pool fund stockpile accumulation hoard ``` a country's collective means of supporting itself or becoming wealthier, as represented by its reserves of minerals, land, and other natural assets. "Japan's exploitation of commercially important marine resources" a source of help or information. "census records are an invaluable resource for the historian" h Similar: facility ``` amenity aid help service support solution convenience advantage ``` benefit North American available assets. ``` 2. an action or strategy which may be adopted in adverse circumstances. "sometimes anger is the only resource left in a situation like this" h Similar: expedient resort means measure method course way scheme plan plot stratagem manoeuvre machination agency trick ruse artifice device tool ``` personal attributes and capabilities regarded as able to help or sustain one in adverse circumstances. "we had been left very much to our own resources" dated the ability to find clever ways to overcome difficulties; resourcefulness. "a man of resource" h Similar: initiative ``` resourcefulness enterprise imagination imaginativeness ingenuity inventiveness quick-wittedness cleverness native wit talent ability capability spirit spiritedness enthusiasm drive zest dash ambition energy vigour vitality gumption get-up-and-go go push oomph pizzazz pep zip ``` vim archaic the possibility of aid or assistance. "the flower of the French army was lost without resource" 3. dated a leisure occupation. verb verb: resource; 3rd person present: resources; past tense: resourced; past participle: resourced; gerund or present participle: resourcing provide with resources. "a strategy which ensures that primary healthcare workers are adequately resourced"

Answer 117

verb verb: restrain; 3rd person present: restrains; past tense: restrained; past participle: restrained; gerund or present participle: restraining prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits. "the need to restrain public expenditure" h Similar: prevent ``` stop keep hold back hinder impede hamper restrict constrain obstruct hold prohibit ban bar disallow interdict forbid veto proscribe enjoin h Opposite: force compel encourage ``` ``` control (a strong urge or emotion). "Amiss had to restrain his impatience" h Similar: control ``` ``` keep under control check hold/keep in check curb suppress repress contain keep within bounds limit regulate restrict moderate dampen put a brake on subdue smother choke back stifle bridle leash bit muzzle bottle up cork rein back rein in keep in keep the lid on h Opposite: provoke encourage deprive (someone) of freedom of movement or personal liberty. "leg cuffs are used for restraining and transporting violent criminals" h Similar: tie up bind strap truss pinion lash tether chain (up) fetter shackle manacle put in irons handcuff (of a seat belt) hold (a person or part of their body) down and back while in a vehicle seat. "all front seats must be equipped with seat belts which restrain the upper part of the body" ```

Answer 118

verb verb: restrict; 3rd person present: restricts; past tense: restricted; past participle: restricted; gerund or present participle: restricting ``` put a limit on; keep under control. "some roads may have to be closed at peak times to restrict the number of visitors" h Similar: limit ``` ``` set/impose limits on keep within bounds keep under control regulate control moderate cut down on ``` deprive (someone or something) of freedom of movement or action. "cities can restrict groups of protesters from gathering on a residential street" h Similar: hinder ``` interfere with impede hamper obstruct block slow check curb retard handicap straitjacket tie cramp limit someone to only doing or having (a particular thing) or staying in (a particular place). "I shall restrict myself to a single example" h Similar: confine limit make do with only be happy with limit something to (a particular place, time, or group). "the Zoological Gardens were at first restricted to members and their guests" withhold (information) from general disclosure. "at first the Americans tried to restrict news of their involvement in Vietnam" ```

Answer 119

verb verb: retain; 3rd person present: retains; past tense: retained; past participle: retained; gerund or present participle: retaining 1. continue to have (something); keep possession of. "built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features" h Similar: keep ``` keep possession of keep hold of hold on to hold fast to keep back hang on to cling to cleave to maintain continue preserve reserve conserve perpetuate cherish h Opposite: give up lose abolish discontinue alter ``` ``` not abolish or alter; maintain. "the rights of defendants must be retained" h Similar: maintain ``` ``` keep continue preserve reserve conserve perpetuate cherish h Opposite: abolish discontinue alter keep in one's memory. "I retained a few French words and phrases" h Similar: remember memorize keep in one's mind keep in one's memory learn learn by heart get by heart commit to memory get down pat learn by rote impress on the memory become word-perfect in recall call to mind recollect think of succeed in remembering get off pat con ``` h Opposite: forget ``` 2. absorb and continue to hold (a substance). "limestone is known to retain water" 3. keep (something) in place; hold fixed. "the successful design of a cartridge belt requires that the cartridges in it be properly located and retained in that position" 4. keep (someone) engaged in one's service. "he has been retained as a freelance" h Similar: employ commission contract pay keep on the payroll have in employment hire engage appoint recruit put on the payroll secure the services of sign on sign up take on take into one's employ h Opposite: dismiss ``` secure the services of (a barrister) with a preliminary payment. "retain a barrister to handle the client's business"

Answer 120

noun noun: scheme; plural noun: schemes ``` 1. British a large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining a particular object or putting a particular idea into effect. "the occupational sick pay scheme" h Similar: plan ``` ``` project plan of action programme strategy stratagem game plan enterprise venture measure move course of action line of action system procedure design formula recipe device tactic contrivance proposal proposition suggestion idea blueprint wheeze lurk shift ``` ``` a secret or underhand plan; a plot. "police uncovered a scheme to steal paintings worth more than $250,000" h Similar: plot ``` ``` intrigue conspiracy secret plan ruse ploy stratagem manoeuvre subterfuge machinations game racket scam dodge schlenter a particular ordered system or arrangement. "a classical rhyme scheme" h Similar: arrangement system organization configuration pattern format layout disposition ``` ``` schema 2. informal•Scottish an estate of social housing. "the whole scheme is plunged into darkness, bar the light in Victor's house" ``` verb verb: scheme; 3rd person present: schemes; past tense: schemed; past participle: schemed; gerund or present participle: scheming ``` 1. make plans, especially in a devious way or with intent to do something illegal or wrong. h Similar: plot ``` ``` hatch a plot conspire take part in a conspiracy intrigue connive manoeuvre plan lay plans machinate cabal ``` complot informal•South African think; suppose. "I scheme it could work" 2. arrange according to a colour scheme. "she was busy arranging flowers, scheming the candles and napkins" Phrases the scheme of things — a supposed or apparent overall system, within which everything has a place and in relation to which individual details are ultimately to be assessed. "in the overall scheme of things, we didn't do badly"

Answer 121

noun noun: scope; plural noun: scopes 1. the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant. "we widened the scope of our investigation" h Similar: extent ``` range breadth width reach sweep purview span stretch spread horizon area sphere field realm compass orbit ambit terms of reference field of reference jurisdiction remit confine limit gamut competence 2. the opportunity or possibility to do or deal with something. "the scope for major change is always limited by political realities" h Similar: opportunity freedom latitude leeway capacity liberty room room to manoeuvre elbow room play possibility chance wriggle room ``` wiggle room archaic a purpose, end, or intention. "Plato even maintains religion to be the chief aim and scope of human life" 3. informal a telescope, microscope, or other device having a name ending in -scope. "infrared night scopes" 4. Nautical the length of cable extended when a ship rides at anchor. 5. Linguistics•Logic the number of terms or arguments affected by an operator such as a quantifier or conjunction. verb verb: scope; 3rd person present: scopes; past tense: scoped; past participle: scoped; gerund or present participle: scoping 1. assess or investigate something. "they'd scoped out their market" set the scope of (a projected undertaking). "it is important that a project is scoped correctly to ensure the budget can be accurately defined" 2. informal•North American look at carefully; scan. "they watched him scoping the room, looking for Michael"

Answer 122

noun noun: sector; plural noun: sectors 1. an area or portion that is distinct from others. "operations in the southern sector of the North Sea" h Similar: district ``` quarter part section zone precinct borough locality neighbourhood side province territory division region area belt tract locale hood ``` a distinct part or branch of a nation's economy or society or of a sphere of activity such as education. "the government aimed to reassure the industrial and commercial sector" h Similar: part ``` branch arm division subdivision area department category field sphere layer stratum ``` corner Military a subdivision of an area for military operations. Computing a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk. 2. the plane figure enclosed by two radii of a circle or ellipse and the arc between them. 3. a mathematical instrument consisting of two arms hinged at one end and marked with sines, tangents, etc. for making diagrams.

Answer 123

adjective adjective: secure 1. fixed or fastened so as not to give way, become loose, or be lost. "check to ensure that all nuts and bolts are secure" h Similar: tight ``` firm taut fixed secured done up closed shut locked sealed stable fast safe steady immovable unshakeable dependable anchored moored jammed rooted braced cemented riveted nailed tied strong sturdy solid sound h Opposite: loose unlocked precarious rocky ``` (of a place of detention) having provisions against the escape of inmates. "a secure unit for young offenders" ``` 2. certain to remain safe and unthreatened. "his position as party leader was less than secure" h Similar: certain assured reliable dependable settled fixed established solid sound h Opposite: uncertain insecure ``` protected against attack or other criminal activity. "no airport is totally secure" feeling confident and free from fear or anxiety. "everyone needs to have a home and to feel secure and wanted" h Similar: protected from harm/danger ``` free from danger sheltered shielded guarded unharmed undamaged safe and sound safe out of harm's way in a safe place in safe hands invulnerable immune impregnable unassailable at ease unworried reassured relaxed happy comfortable confident h Opposite: vulnerable threatened ``` unsettled dated feeling no doubts about attaining. "she remained poised and complacent, secure of admiration" verb verb: secure; 3rd person present: secures; past tense: secured; past participle: secured; gerund or present participle: securing 1. fix or attach (something) firmly so that it cannot be moved or lost. "pins secure the handle to the main body" h Similar: fix ``` attach fasten affix link hitch join connect couple bond append annex stick pin tack nail staple clip tie up moor make fast lash berth anchor ``` make (a door or container) hard to open; fasten or lock. "doors are likely to be well secured at night" h Similar: fasten ``` close shut lock bolt chain seal ``` board up Surgery compress (a blood vessel) to prevent bleeding. ``` 2. succeed in obtaining (something), especially with difficulty. "the division secured a major contract" h Similar: obtain acquire gain get find come by pick up procure get possession of buy purchase get hold of land get one's hands on lay one's hands on get one's mitts on h Opposite: lose let slip ``` seek to guarantee repayment of (a loan) by having a right to take possession of an asset in the event of non-payment. "a loan secured on your home" ``` 3. protect against threats; make safe. "the government is concerned to secure the economy against too much foreign ownership" h Similar: protect make safe make sound make invulnerable make immune make impregnable fortify strengthen shelter shield guard assure ensure insure guarantee warrant indemnify confirm ``` establish Phrases secure arms — hold a rifle with the muzzle downward and the lock in the armpit to guard it from rain.

Answer 124

verb verb: seek; 3rd person present: seeks; past tense: sought; past participle: sought; gerund or present participle: seeking ``` attempt to find (something). "they came here to seek shelter from biting winter winds" h Similar: search for ``` ``` try to find look for look about for look round for look around for cast about for cast round for cast around for be on the lookout for be after hunt for be in quest of quest (after) be in pursuit of ``` attempt or desire to obtain or achieve (something). "the new regime sought his extradition" h Similar: try to obtain ``` pursue go after strive for go for push towards work towards be intent on aim at/for have as a goal have as an objective try attempt endeavour strive work aim aspire do one's best set out essay ask for (something) from someone. "he sought help from the police" h Similar: ask for request solicit call on invite entreat beg for petition for appeal for apply for ``` put in for search for and find someone or something. "it's his job to seek out new customers" archaic go to (a place). "I sought my bedroom each night to brood over it" Phrases seek dead used to instruct a retriever to go and look for game that has been shot. seek one's fortune travel somewhere in the hope of achieving wealth and success. "he emigrated to Britain to seek his fortune" to seek lacking; not yet found. "the end she knew, the means were to seek"

Answer 125

verb verb: shift; 3rd person present: shifts; past tense: shifted; past participle: shifted; gerund or present participle: shifting 1. move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance. "a team from the power company came to shift the cables away from the house" h Similar: move ``` carry transfer transport convey take bring bear lug cart haul fetch switch move around transpose relocate reposition rearrange displace slide slip be displaced ``` ``` change the position of one's body, especially because one is nervous or uncomfortable. "he shifted a little in his chair" h Similar: change ``` ``` alter adjust make adjustments to adapt amend recast vary modify revise reverse retract do a U-turn on row back eat one's words do an about-turn on h Opposite: keep stick to change the emphasis, direction, or focus of. "she's shifting the blame on to me" change in emphasis, direction, or focus. "the wind had shifted to the east" h Similar: veer alter change back vary fluctuate turn swing change direction informal•British move quickly. "you'll have time for a bite if you shift" informal•British move from a place or rouse oneself from a state of inactivity. "shift yourself, Ruby, do something useful and get the plates" Computing move (data) to the right or left in a register. "the partial remainder is shifted left" informal•British remove (a stain). "thorough cleaning is necessary to shift all cooking residues" h Similar: get rid of take out get off remove budge lift ``` ``` expunge informal sell (something). "a lot of high-priced product you simply don't know how to shift" informal•British eat or drink (something) hastily or in large amounts. 2. North American change gear in a vehicle. "she shifted down to fourth" 3. archaic be evasive or indirect. "they know not how to shift and rob as the old ones do" ``` noun noun: shift; plural noun: shifts; noun: shift dress; plural noun: shift dresses ``` 1. a slight change in position, direction, or tendency. "a shift in public opinion" h Similar: movement ``` ``` move shifting transference transport conveyance switch transposition relocation repositioning rearrangement change alteration adjustment adaptation amendment recasting variation modification revision reversal retraction sea change U-turn rowback about-turn ``` Astronomy the displacement of spectral lines. a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard used to switch between two sets of characters or functions, principally between lower- and upper-case letters. noun: shift key; plural noun: shift keys short for sound shift. North American the gear lever or gear-changing mechanism in a vehicle. Building the positioning of successive rows of bricks so that their ends do not coincide. Computing a movement of the digits of a word in a register one or more places to left or right, equivalent to multiplying or dividing the corresponding number by a power of whatever number is the base. American Football a change of position by two or more players before the ball is put into play. ``` 2. each of two or more recurring periods in which different groups of workers do the same jobs in relay. "Anne was on the night shift" h Similar: work period stint spell of work stretch ``` the group of people who work during a particular shift. "the bus was still waiting there when the day shift went home" h Similar: group crew gang team squad patrol 3. a woman's straight unwaisted dress. historical a long, loose-fitting undergarment. ``` 4. archaic an ingenious or devious device or stratagem. "the thousand shifts and devices of which Hannibal was a master" h Similar: stratagem scheme subterfuge expedient dodge trick ruse wile artifice deception strategy device ``` plan Phrases get a shift on hurry up. "it's quite a drive to London, so we should really get a shift on" make shift do what one wants to do in spite of not having ideal conditions. shift for oneself manage as best one can without help. shift one's ground say or write something that contradicts something one has previously written or said.

Answer 126

noun noun: style; plural noun: styles ``` 1. a particular procedure by which something is done; a manner or way. "different styles of management" h Similar: manner ``` ``` way technique method methodology approach system mode form practice modus operandi MO type kind variety sort nature genre vein species ilk vintage school brand quality calibre kidney design pattern stamp model cast grain stripe ``` a way of painting, writing, composing, building, etc., characteristic of a particular period, place, person, or movement. "the concerto is composed in a neoclassical style" a way of using language. "he never wrote in a journalistic style" h Similar: phraseology mode of expression wording language one's usual way of behaving or approaching situations. noun: one's style; plural noun: one's styles "backing out isn't my style" an official or legal title. "the partnership traded under the style of Storr and Mortimer" 2. a distinctive appearance, typically determined by the principles according to which something is designed. "the pillars are no exception to the general style" ``` a particular design of clothing. "his shoes were in a style that he could wear anywhere" h Similar: fashion ``` ``` trend vogue mode latest thing fad craze ``` rage a way of arranging the hair. "for a glamorous style, hair was brushed out after setting" ``` 3. fashionable elegance and sophistication. "the world-famous hotel attracts guests because of its style and taste" h Similar: flair stylishness smartness elegance grace gracefulness poise polish suaveness sophistication urbanity chic dash finesse panache elan taste class pizzazz ritziness oomph zing comfort luxury affluence wealth opulence ``` lavishness a confident, effortless manner or technique. "he plays with such style" 4. Botany (in a flower) a narrow, typically elongated extension of the ovary, bearing the stigma. 5. Zoology (in an invertebrate) a small, slender pointed appendage; a stylet. 6. archaic term for stylus (sense 2). verb verb: style; 3rd person present: styles; past tense: styled; past participle: styled; gerund or present participle: styling ``` 1. design or make in a particular form. h Similar: design ``` fashion tailor make produce arrange (hair) in a particular way. "he styled her hair by twisting it up to give it body" ``` 2. designate with a particular name, description, or title. "the official is styled principal and vice chancellor of the university" h Similar: call name title entitle dub designate term address label tag christen baptize nickname clepe ``` denominate Phrases in style in an impressive, grand, or luxurious way. "the opera company's soloists will help launch the appeal in style" like it's going out of style (with reference to the use or consumption of something) at an excessive rate. "people spend their money like it's going

Answer 127

adjective adjective: subordinate /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ ``` lower in rank or position. "his subordinate officers" h Similar: lower-ranking ``` ``` junior lower lesser inferior lowly minor supporting second-fiddle h Opposite: superior senior ``` ``` of less or secondary importance. "in adventure stories, character must be subordinate to action" h Similar: secondary ``` ``` lesser minor subsidiary subservient ancillary auxiliary attendant peripheral marginal of little account/importance second-class second-rate second-fiddle supplementary accessory additional extra h Opposite: central major ``` chief noun noun: subordinate; plural noun: subordinates /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ a person under the authority or control of another within an organization. "he was mild-mannered, especially with his subordinates" h Similar: junior ``` assistant second second in command number two right-hand man/woman deputy aide adjutant subaltern apprentice underling flunkey minion lackey mate inferior sidekick henchman second fiddle man/girl Friday h Opposite: superior ``` senior verb verb: subordinate; 3rd person present: subordinates; past tense: subordinated; past participle: subordinated; gerund or present participle: subordinating /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else. "practical considerations were subordinated to political expediency" make subservient to or dependent on something else. "to define life would be to subordinate it to reason"

Answer 128

adjective adjective: subsequent coming after something in time; following. "the theory was developed subsequent to the earthquake of 1906" h Similar: following ``` ensuing succeeding successive later future coming upcoming to come next after in the wake of at the close/end of later than posterior to h Opposite: previous prior former prior to ``` Geology (of a stream or valley) having a direction or character determined by the resistance to erosion of the underlying rock, and typically following the strike of the strata.

Answer 129

noun noun: subsidy; plural noun: subsidies 1. a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low. "a farm subsidy" a sum of money granted to support an undertaking held to be in the public interest. "she was anxious about her Arts Council subsidy" a grant or contribution of money. "the position is generously rewarded and benefits include a mortgage subsidy" h Similar: grant ``` allowance endowment contribution donation bursary gift present investment bestowal benefaction allocation allotment handout backing support aid assistance charity relief sponsorship finance funding subvention helping hand leg up alms ``` donative 2. historical a parliamentary grant to the sovereign for state needs. a tax levied on a particular occasion.

Answer 130

noun noun: successor; plural noun: successors a person or thing that succeeds another. "Schoenberg saw himself as a natural successor to the German romantic school" h Similar: heir ``` heir apparent inheritor next-in-line descendant beneficiary ```

Answer 131

verb verb: survey; 3rd person present: surveys; past tense: surveyed; past participle: surveyed; gerund or present participle: surveying /səˈveɪ/ ``` 1. look closely at or examine (someone or something). "her green eyes surveyed him coolly" h Similar: look at ``` ``` look over take a look at observe view contemplate regard see gaze at stare at eye get a bird's-eye view of scrutinize examine inspect scan study consider review vet weigh up take stock of size up behold 2. examine and record the area and features of (an area of land) so as to construct a map, plan, or description. "he surveyed the coasts of New Zealand" ``` British examine and report on the condition of (a building), especially for a prospective buyer. "the cottage didn't look unsafe, but he had it surveyed" h Similar: make a survey of ``` value carry out a valuation of estimate the value of appraise assess prospect ``` triangulate 3. investigate the opinions or experience of (a group of people) by asking them questions. "95 per cent of patients surveyed were satisfied with the health service" investigate (behaviour or opinions) by questioning a group of people. "the investigator surveyed the attitudes and beliefs held by residents" h Similar: interview ``` question canvass poll cross-examine investigate research study probe ``` sample noun noun: survey; plural noun: surveys /ˈsəːveɪ/ 1. a general view, examination, or description of someone or something. "the author provides a survey of the relevant literature" h Similar: study ``` consideration review overview scrutiny scrutinization examination inspection exploration appraisal synopsis outline overall picture ``` an investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of people, based on a series of questions. "a survey conducted by Gardening Which?" h Similar: poll ``` review investigation inquiry study probe questionnaire opinion poll sampling census cross-examination quiz ``` research ``` 2. British an act of surveying a building. "the building society will insist that you have a survey done" h Similar: valuation appraisal assessment estimate estimation pricing ``` a written report detailing the findings of a building survey. "the third type of report is a full structural survey" 3. an act of surveying an area of land. "the flight involved a detailed aerial survey of military bases" a map, plan, or detailed description obtained by surveying an area. a department carrying out the surveying of land. "the British Geological Survey"

Answer 132

noun noun: tape; plural noun: tapes ``` 1. a narrow strip of material, typically used to hold or fasten something. "a reel of tape" h Similar: band ``` ``` strip strap belt binding string ribbon stripe braid ``` a strip of paper or plastic coated with adhesive and sold in a roll, used to stick things together. noun: adhesive tape; plural noun: adhesive tapes; noun: sticky tape "secure the bandage with tape" h Similar: adhesive tape sticky tape insulating tape masking tape parcel tape Sellotape a strip of material stretched across the finishing line of a race, to be broken or dislodged by the winner. a strip of material used to mark off an area or form a notional barrier. a tape measure. 2. long, narrow flexible material with magnetic properties, used for recording sound, pictures, or computer data. "they put four songs on tape" ``` a cassette or reel containing magnetic tape for recording. "he inserted a tape in the recorder" h Similar: recording ``` ``` cassette tape recording audiotape audio cassette reel spool videotape videocassette ``` video a recording on a cassette or reel. "a tape of a radio talk" verb verb: tape; 3rd person present: tapes; past tense: taped; past participle: taped; gerund or present participle: taping 1. record (sound or pictures) on audio or video tape. "it is not known who taped the conversation" h Similar: record ``` make a recording of tape-record video-record video put on tape/video/cassette 2. fasten or attach (something) with adhesive tape. "a note taped to the fridge" h Similar: bind tie strap fasten stick seal secure fix join attach tether Sellotape ``` seal or mark off an area or thing with tape. "they taped off an area round the scene of the explosion" h Similar: cordon ``` seal close shut mark fence form a ring around put a cordon sanitaire around isolate segregate ``` quarantine ``` Phrases breast the tape win a race. have someone or something taped understand a person or thing fully. ```

Answer 133

adjective adjective: tense; comparative adjective: tenser; superlative adjective: tensest 1. (especially of a muscle) stretched tight or rigid. "she tried to relax her tense muscles" h Similar: taut ``` stretched tight tight rigid stretched strained stiff h Opposite: slack loose ``` Phonetics (of a speech sound, especially a vowel) pronounced with the vocal muscles stretched tight. 2. unable to relax because of nervousness, anxiety, or stimulation. "he was tense with excitement" ``` causing or characterized by anxiety and nervousness. "they waited in tense silence" h Similar: anxious ``` ``` nervous on edge edgy strained stressed under a strain under pressure agitated ill at ease unrelaxed in a state of nerves in a state of agitation fretful uneasy restless worked up keyed up overwrought highly strung wrought up strung out jumpy on tenterhooks on pins and needles with one's stomach in knots fidgety worried apprehensive upset disturbed panicky nervy a bundle of nerves jittery twitchy in a state uptight wired het up stressed out white-knuckled strung up stressy windy spooky squirrelly toey overstrung nerve-racking stressful worrying concerning fraught charged nail-biting worrisome difficult uncomfortable exciting cliffhanging knife-edge dramatic volatile explosive hairy anxious-making white-knuckle h Opposite: calm cool relaxed ``` relaxing verb verb: tense; 3rd person present: tenses; past tense: tensed; past participle: tensed; gerund or present participle: tensing become tense, typically through anxiety or nervousness. "her body tensed up" make (a muscle or one's body) tight or rigid. "carefully stretch and then tense your muscles" h Similar: tighten ``` tauten tense up flex contract brace stiffen screw up knot strain stretch squinch up ``` h Opposite: relax ``` Origin late 17th century: from Latin tensus ‘stretched’, from the verb tendere . tense2 /tɛns/ Learn to pronounce nounGrammar noun: tense; plural noun: tenses ``` a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time (and sometimes also the continuance or completeness) of the action in relation to the time of the utterance. "the future tense"

Answer 134

noun noun: theme; plural noun: themes 1. the subject of a talk, piece of writing, exhibition, etc.; a topic. "the theme of the sermon was reverence" h Similar: subject ``` topic subject matter matter issue question concern idea concept thread motif trope keynote message thesis argument text gist essence core substance burden thrust ``` Linguistics the first major constituent of a clause, indicating the subject matter, typically being the subject but optionally other constituents, as in ‘ smitten he is not’. US an essay written by a school pupil on a particular subject. h Similar: essay composition paper dissertation 2. an idea that recurs in or pervades a work of art or literature. "love and honour are the pivotal themes of the Hornblower books" Music a prominent or frequently recurring melody or group of notes in a composition. "the first violin takes up the theme high up in its register" h Similar: melody tune air motif leitmotif a piece of music that frequently recurs in or accompanies the beginning and end of a film, play, or musical. "a theme song" 3. a setting given to a restaurant, pub, or leisure venue, intended to evoke a particular country, historical period, culture, etc. "an Irish theme pub" 4. Linguistics the stem of a noun or verb; the part to which inflections are added, especially one composed of the root and an added vowel. 5. historical any of the twenty-nine provinces in the Byzantine empire. verb verb: theme; 3rd person present: themes; past tense: themed; past participle: themed; gerund or present participle: theming give a particular theme or setting to (a leisure venue, event, etc.). "the amusement park will be themed as a Caribbean pirate stronghold"

Answer 135

adverb adverb: thereby by that means; as a result of that. "students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music" Phrases thereby hangs a tale — used to indicate that there is more to say about something.

Answer 136

verb verb: trace; 3rd person present: traces; past tense: traced; past participle: traced; gerund or present participle: tracing ``` 1. find or discover by investigation. "police are trying to trace a white van seen in the area" h Similar: track down ``` ``` find discover detect unearth uncover turn up hunt down dig up ferret out run to ground follow pursue trail shadow stalk dog find the source of find the origins of find the roots of follow to its source source ``` find or describe the origin or development of. "Bob's book traces his flying career with the RAF" follow or mark the course or position of (something) with one's eye, mind, or finger. "through the binoculars, I traced the path I had taken the night before" take (a particular path or route). "a tear traced a lonely path down her cheek" ``` 2. copy (a drawing, map, or design) by drawing over its lines on a superimposed piece of transparent paper. "trace a map of the world on to a large piece of paper" h Similar: copy reproduce go over draw over draw the lines of draw draw up sketch draft outline rough out mark out delineate map chart record indicate show ``` depict draw (a pattern or line), especially with one's finger or toe. "she traced a pattern in the dirt with the toe of her shoe" give an outline of. "the article traces out some of the connections between education, qualifications, and the labour market" noun noun: trace; plural noun: traces 1. a mark, object, or other indication of the existence or passing of something. "remove all traces of the old adhesive" h Similar: vestige ``` sign mark indication suggestion evidence clue remains remnant relic survival ghost echo memory trail track spoor marks tracks prints imprints footprints footmarks footsteps ``` a line or pattern displayed by an instrument to show the existence or nature of something which is being recorded or measured. a physical change in the brain presumed to be caused by a process of learning or memory. 2. a very small quantity, especially one too small to be accurately measured. "his body contained traces of amphetamines" ``` a barely discernible indication of something. "just a trace of a smile" h Similar: bit ``` ``` spot speck touch hint suggestion suspicion nuance intimation trifle drop dash tinge tincture streak shred crumb fragment shadow whiff breath jot iota smidgen ``` tad 3. a procedure to investigate the source of something, such as the place from which a telephone call was made. "we've got a trace on the call" 4. a line which represents the projection of a curve or surface on a plane or the intersection of a curve or surface with a plane. 5. North American•West Indian a path or track. 6. Mathematics the sum of the elements in the principal diagonal of a square matrix. noun noun: trace; plural noun: traces each of the two side straps, chains, or ropes by which a horse is attached to a vehicle that it is pulling. Phrases kick over the traces — become insubordinate or reckless.

Answer 137

verb verb: transform; 3rd person present: transforms; past tense: transformed; past participle: transformed; gerund or present participle: transforming 1. make a marked change in the form, nature, or appearance of. "lasers have transformed cardiac surgery" h Similar: change ``` alter modify convert metamorphose transfigure transmute mutate remodel reshape remould redo reconstruct rebuild recast reorganize rearrange reorder reshuffle restyle rejig rework renew revamp renovate overhaul remake revolutionize stir up turn upside down transmogrify h Opposite: preserve keep the same ``` ``` undergo a marked change. "a wry cynicism rapidly transforms into an overwhelming sense of sourness" h Similar: change ``` ``` alter modify convert metamorphose transfigure transmute mutate remodel reshape remould redo reconstruct rebuild recast reorganize rearrange reorder reshuffle restyle rejig rework renew revamp renovate overhaul remake revolutionize stir up turn upside down transmogrify h Opposite: preserve ``` keep the same change the voltage of (an electric current). 2. Mathematics change (a mathematical entity) by transformation. nounMathematics•Linguistics noun: transform; plural noun: transforms /ˈtransfɔːm,ˈtrɑːnsfɔːm,ˈtranzfɔːm,ˈtrɑːnzfɔːm/ the product of a transformation. a rule for making a transformation.

Answer 138

noun noun: transit ``` 1. the carrying of people or things from one place to another. "a painting was damaged in transit" h Similar: movement ``` ``` transport transportation conveyance shipment haulage freightage carriage moving travel travelling journeying passage passing transfer crossing progress en route on the journey during transport on the way on the road on the move along/on the road in motion ``` on the go North American the conveyance of passengers on public transport. 2. the action of passing through or across a place. "Guatemala is to have freedom of transit across Belize" Astronomy the passage of an inferior planet across the face of the sun, or of a moon or its shadow across the face of a planet. plural noun: transits "the transits of Mercury across the sun's disc" Astronomy the apparent passage of a celestial body across the meridian of a place. Astrology the passage of a celestial body through a specified sign, house, or area of a chart. verb verb: transit; 3rd person present: transits; past tense: transited; past participle: transited; gerund or present participle: transiting pass across or through (an area). "the new large ships will be too big to transit the Panama Canal" Astronomy (of a planet or other celestial body) pass across (the face of another body, or a meridian). "at the end of February Jupiter transits the meridian" Astrology (of a celestial body) pass across (a specified sign, house, or area of a chart).

Answer 139

noun noun: trend; plural noun: trends 1. a general direction in which something is developing or changing. "an upward trend in sales and profit margins" h Similar: tendency ``` movement drift swing shift course current run direction inclination leaning bias bent 2. a fashion. "the latest trends in modern dance" h Similar: fashion vogue style mode craze mania rage fad ``` thing 3. a topic that is the subject of many posts on a social media website or application within a short period of time. "for more than 20 days in a row, most of the top Twitter trends were Olympics-related" verb 1. change or develop in a general direction. "unemployment has been trending upwards" h Similar: move ``` go tend head drift gravitate swing shift turn incline lean veer ``` (especially of a geographical feature) bend or turn away in a specified direction. verb: trend; 3rd person present: trends; past tense: trended; past participle: trended; gerund or present participle: trending "the Richelieu River trending southward to Lake Champlain" 2. (of a topic) be the subject of many posts on a social media website or application within a short period of time. "I've just taken a quick look at what's trending on Twitter right now"

Answer 140

noun noun: trigger; plural noun: triggers a small device that releases a spring or catch and so sets off a mechanism, especially in order to fire a gun. "he pulled the trigger of the shotgun" an event that is the cause of a particular action, process, or situation. "the trigger for the strike was the closure of a mine" verb verb: trigger; 3rd person present: triggers; past tense: triggered; past participle: triggered; gerund or present participle: triggering ``` cause (a device) to function. "burglars fled empty-handed after triggering the alarm" h Similar: activate ``` set off set going trip cause (an event or situation) to happen or exist. "an allergy can be triggered by stress or overwork" h Similar: precipitate ``` prompt trigger off set off spark (off) touch off stimulate provoke stir up fan the flames of cause give rise to lead to set in motion occasion be the cause of bring about generate engender begin start initiate ``` enkindle (of an event or situation) cause (someone) to do something. "the death of Helen's father triggered her to follow a childhood dream and become a falconer" (especially of something read, seen, or heard) distress (someone), typically as a result of arousing feelings or memories associated with a particular traumatic experience. "she started crying and told me that my news had really triggered her" Phrases quick on the trigger — quick to respond.

Answer 141

verb verb: underlie; 3rd person present: underlies; past tense: underlay; gerund or present participle: underlying; past participle: underlain 1. be a significant cause or basis of (something) even if not necessarily manifest or obvious. "the fundamental issue that underlies the conflict" h Similar: fundamental ``` basic basal primary prime first cardinal central principal chief key elementary elemental rudimentary root intrinsic essential h Opposite: subordinate 2. (especially of a layer of rock or soil) lie or be situated under (something). "limestone underlies much of the site" ```

Answer 142

verb verb: undertake; 3rd person present: undertakes; past tense: undertook; gerund or present participle: undertaking; past participle: undertaken commit oneself to and begin (an enterprise or responsibility); take on. "a firm of builders undertook the construction work" h Similar: tackle ``` take on take on oneself take up accept shoulder handle assume manage deal with take responsibility for take forward be responsible for engage in become involved in take part in participate in devote oneself to concentrate on address oneself to turn one's hand to go about set about approach get down to get to grips with launch into enter on begin start embark on venture on attempt try endeavour get cracking on have a crack/go/shot/stab at give something a whirl commence essay h Opposite: neglect forgo ``` promise to do a particular thing. "the firm undertook to keep price increases to a minimum" guarantee or affirm something; give as a formal pledge. "a lorry driver implicitly undertakes that he is reasonably skilled as a driver"

Answer 143

noun noun: vision ``` 1. the faculty or state of being able to see. "she had defective vision" h Similar: eyesight ``` ``` sight power of sight faculty of sight ability to see power of seeing powers of observation observation perception visual perception eyes field of vision view perspective ``` the images seen on a television screen. "the box converts the digital signal into sound and vision on an ordinary TV" ``` 2. the ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom. "the organization had lost its vision and direction" h Similar: imagination creativity creative power inventiveness innovation inspiration intuition perceptiveness perception breadth of view foresight insight far-sightedness prescience discernment awareness penetration shrewdness sharpness cleverness ``` a mental image of what the future will or could be like. plural noun: visions "a utopian vision of society" ``` 3. an experience of seeing someone or something in a dream or trance, or as a supernatural apparition. "the idea came to him in a vision" h Similar: apparition spectre phantom hallucination ghost wraith shadow manifestation chimera illusion mirage image bodach duppy spook phantasm shade revenant wight visitant eidolon manes ``` a vivid mental image, especially a fanciful one of the future. plural noun: visions "he had visions of becoming the Elton John of his time" h Similar: dream ``` daydream reverie mental picture conceptualization plans hopes fantasy fancy flight of fancy fanciful notion pipe dream delusion figment of the imagination ``` prospect ``` 4. a person or sight of unusual beauty. "madame was a vision in black velvet" h Similar: beautiful sight vision of loveliness feast for the eyes pleasure to behold delight dream beauty spectacle picture joy marvel sensation sight for sore eyes eyeful stunner cracker smasher knockout looker good-looker bobby-dazzler peach ``` honey verbrare verb: vision; 3rd person present: visions; past tense: visioned; past participle: visioned; gerund or present participle: visioning imagine. "we visioned a small lawn surrounded with a perfect tangle of trees"

Answer 144

adjective adjective: voluntary 1. done, given, or acting of one's own free will. "we are funded by voluntary contributions" h Similar: optional ``` discretionary at one's discretion elective non-compulsory non-mandatory not required open open to choice volitional up to the individual permissive discretional h Opposite: compulsory obligatory ``` Physiology under the conscious control of the brain. "voluntary contraction of the calf muscles" ``` 2. working, done, or maintained without payment. "a voluntary helper" h Similar: unpaid unsalaried without pay without payment free of charge without charge for nothing for free honorary volunteer unrewarded pro bono (publico) ``` ``` h Opposite: paid Law (of a conveyance or disposition) made without return in money or other consideration. ``` noun noun: voluntary; plural noun: voluntaries 1. an organ solo played before, during, or after a church service. historical a piece of music performed extempore, especially as a prelude to other music, or composed in a free style. 2. (in a competition) a special performance left to the performer's choice.

Answer 145

noun noun: welfare 1. the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group. "they don't give a damn about the welfare of their families" h Similar: well-being ``` health good health happiness comfort security safety protection prosperity profit good success fortune good fortune advantage interest prosperousness successfulness h Opposite: hardship 2. statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need. "the protection of rights to education, housing, and welfare" ``` North American financial support given to those who are unemployed or otherwise in need. "critics feared an increase in inequalities in the provision of welfare" h Similar: social security ``` benefit state benefit benefit payment public assistance allowance pension credit support sick pay ```

Answer 146

adverb adverb: whereby by which. "a system whereby people could vote by telephone"

AWL - Ultimate Flashcards

(170 cards)