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AWS > AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentiald > Flashcards

AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentiald Flashcards

1
Q

What model does AWS use?

A

A client-server model

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2
Q

What does cloud mean for AWS?

A

The on demand delivery of IT resources over the internet with pay as you go pricing

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3
Q

What is the undifferentiated heavy lifting of IT?

A

Common, repetitive, and time consuming tasks

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4
Q

What are the three cloud computing deployment models?

A

Cloud-based, on prem, and hybrid

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5
Q

What is on prem deployment also known as?

A

Private cloud deployment

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6
Q

How does the scale of cloud of computing help to save costs?

A

The aggregated cloud usage from a large number of customers results in lower pay as you go prices

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7
Q

When compared to on-prem servers, AWS EC2 servers are…

A

Highly flexible, cost effective, and quick

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8
Q

Define multitenancy

A

Sharing underlying hardware between virtual machines

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9
Q

What is vertically scaling an instance?

A

Making an instance bigger or smaller

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10
Q

What is CaaS?

A

Compute as a service

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11
Q

What is Amazon EC2?

A

Amazon elastic compute cloud: a secure, resizable capacity in the cloud

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12
Q

What are the different instance families of Amazon EC2s?

A

General purpose, compute optimized, memory optimized, accelerated computing, storage optimized

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13
Q

What are memory instance types ideal for?

A

High-performance databases

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14
Q

What are storage optimized EC2 instance types best for?

A

Data warehousing applications

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15
Q

What are general purpose EC2 instance types best at?

A

Balancing compute, memory, and networking resources

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16
Q

What are compute optimized EC2 instance types best for?

A

Jobs needing high performance processors

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17
Q

What are the Amazon EC2 pricing types?

A

On demand, savings plan, reserved instances, spot instances, dedicated hosts

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18
Q

What AWS service takes away the worrying of matching customer demand with your compute power?

A

Amazon EC2 Auto scale

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19
Q

If you do not specify a desired amount of EC2 instances when created an autoscale group, what does the desired amount default to?

A

The minimum amount of EC2 instances

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20
Q

What is a load balancer?

A

A load balancer takes on requests and routes then servers

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21
Q

What is elastic load balancing?

A

Amazon’s service to address the undifferentiated heavy lifting of load balancing

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22
Q

What is the advantage of loosely coupled architecture over tightly coupled architecture?

A

Loosely coupled architecture does not have cascading failures from a single failure

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23
Q

What does Amazon simple que service (SQS) allow?

A

Send, store, and receive message between software components at any volume

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24
Q

What is a payload?

A

The data contained within a message

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25
Q

What is a simple definition of Amazon SQS?

A

Where messages are placed until they are processed

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26
Q

What is an Amazon SNS topic?

A

A channel for messages to be delivered

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27
Q

What can tightly coupled architectures be called?

A

A monolithic application

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28
Q

What approach creates a loosely coupled architecture?

A

A micro service approach

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29
Q

Which AWS service is the best for publishing messages to subscribers?

A

Amazon SNS

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30
Q

What are EC2 instances?

A

Virtual machines

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31
Q

What does serverless mean?

A

You cannot see or access the underlying infrastructure

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32
Q

Is AWS Lambda serverless?

A

Yes

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33
Q

What is a container?

A

A package for code

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34
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

A server less compute platform

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35
Q

What Amazon services are docker container based?

A

Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS

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36
Q

What is the benefit of serverless?

A

No need to manage and maintain the servers and the OS

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37
Q

What is batch processing?

A

The process by which a computer completes batches of jobs, often simultaneously in non-stop, sequential order

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38
Q

Define latency

A

The time it takes for data to be sent and received

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39
Q

What is Amazon braket?

A

Amazon’s quantum computing platform

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40
Q

What are the 4 key business factors for choosing a AWS region?

A

Compliance, proximity, feature availability, pricing

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41
Q

What is an availability zone?

A

A single data center or a group of data centers within a Region.

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42
Q

Does every AWS region have multiple availability zones?

A

Yes

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43
Q

How many availability zones does AWS recommend you run in a region?

A

At least 2

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44
Q

How far apart are availability zones?

A

10s of miles

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45
Q

What is an AWS region?

A

A separate geographical location with multiple locations that are isolated from each other.

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46
Q

What is an edge location?

A

a site that Amazon CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content closer to your customers for faster delivery.

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47
Q

Why does API stand for?

A

Application programming interface

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48
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon Command Line Interface?

A

Make API calls using the terminal on your machine

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49
Q

What is the purpose of AWS software development kits?

A

To interact with AWS resources through various programming languages

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50
Q

What is AWS management console?

A

a web-based interface for accessing and managing AWS services.

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51
Q

What are the 3 main ways to interact with AWS?

A

AWS console management, AWS command line interface, AWS software development kits

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52
Q

What is AWS CloudFormation for?

A

build an environment by writing lines of code instead of using the AWS Management Console to individually provision resources. Allows easy duplication of provisions

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53
Q

What do you provide to AWS elastic beanstalk?

A

Code and configuration settings

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54
Q

With code and configuration settings you provide, what can AWS elastic beanstalk do?

A

Adjust capacity, load balancing, automatic scaling, application health monitoring

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55
Q

What does Amazon Virtual Private Cloud do?

A

provision an isolated section of the AWS Cloud

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56
Q

What is a subnet?

A

A section of a VPC that can contain resources such as Amazon EC2 instances

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57
Q

What is needed to allow public traffic from the internet to access your VPC?

A

An internet gateway

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58
Q

What is needed for only authorized individuals to access a VPC?

A

A virtual private gateway

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59
Q

What is AWS direct connect?

A

a service that enables you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and a VPC.

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60
Q

In a VPC, can subnets communicate with each other?

A

Yes

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61
Q

What is a packet?

A

A unit of data sent over the internet or a network

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62
Q

For a packet to enter or exit a subnet, what must it get past?

A

A network access control list

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63
Q

What is a network access control list?

A

a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level.

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64
Q

What does network ACL being stateless mean?

A

They remember nothing and check packets that cross the subnet border each way: inbound and outbound.

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65
Q

What is security group?

A

a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance.

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66
Q

What does security groups being stateful mean?

A

They remember previous decisions made for incoming packets.

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67
Q

What is the network ACL’s default setting?

A

Allows all inbound and outbound traffic

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68
Q

What is domain name system (DNS) resolution?

A

DNS resolution is the process of translating a domain name to an IP address.

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69
Q

What is Amazon route 53?

A

a DNS web service. It gives developers and businesses a reliable way to route end users to internet applications hosted in AWS.

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70
Q

What is Amazon RDS?

A

Amazon Relational Database Service is a distributed relational database service by Amazon Web Services.

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71
Q

Which component or service can be used to establish a private dedicated connection between your company’s data center and AWS?

A

AWS direct connect

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72
Q

What does block level storage behave like?

A

Physical hard drives

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73
Q

What is an instance store?

A

An instance store is disk storage that is physically attached to the host computer for an EC2 instance, and therefore has the same lifespan as the instance.

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74
Q

What happens to an instance store when its EC2 is deleted?

A

It is also deleted

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75
Q

What is Amazon elastic block level storage?

A

A service that provides block-level storage volumes that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances

76
Q

What happens to Amazon EBS when it’s EC2 is terminated?

A

The data on the attached EBS volume remains available

77
Q

What is an EBS snapshot?

A

An incremental backup

78
Q

In object storage, what does each object consist of?

A

Data, metadata, and a key

79
Q

What is Amazon simple storage service?

A

a service that provides object-level storage

80
Q

How does Amazon s3 store data?

A

As objects in buckets

81
Q

What are the Amazon s3 storage classes?

A

Standard, standard infrequent access, one zone infrequent access, intelligent tiering, glacier, and glacier deep archive

82
Q

What is Amazon elastic file system?

A

scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources.

83
Q

Does Amazon EBS or Amazon EFS scale automatically?

A

Amazon EFS

84
Q

How is data stored in a relational database?

A

in a way that relates it to other pieces of data.

85
Q

What is Amazon relational database service?

A

a service that enables you to run relational databases in the AWS Cloud.

86
Q

What does Amazon RDS automate?

A

Hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups

87
Q

What is Amazon aurora?

A

A relational database management system built for the cloud with full MySQL and PostgreSQL compatibility

88
Q

What is Amazon DynamoDB?

A

a key-value database service

89
Q

Is dynamoDB serverless?

A

Yes

90
Q

Does dynamoDB need you to scale its resources?

A

No

91
Q

What is Amazon redshift?

A

A data warehousing service that you can use for big data analytics

92
Q

What is AWS database migration service?

A

enables you to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases, and other types of data stores.

93
Q

When using AWS DMS, can the source database and target database be different types?

A

Yes

94
Q

What is Amazon documentDB?

A

a document database service that supports MongoDB workloads. (MongoDB is a document database program.)

95
Q

What is Amazon Neptune?

A

a graph database service

96
Q

What is Amazon quantum ledger database?

A

a ledger database service.

97
Q

What is Amazon managed blockchain?

A

a service that you can use to create and manage blockchain networks with open-source frameworks.

98
Q

What is Amazon elasticache?

A

a service that adds caching layers on top of your databases to help improve the read times of common requests.

99
Q

What is Amazon dynamoDB Accelerator?

A

an in-memory cache for DynamoDB

100
Q

Across how many availability zones does Amazon EBS store data?

A

One

101
Q

Across how many availability zones does Amazon EFS store data across?

A

Multiple

102
Q

What security is AWS customers responsibility?

A

Security in the cloud

103
Q

What security is the responsibility of AWS?

A

Security of the cloud

104
Q

What does AWS identity and access management enable?

A

The managing of access to AWS services and resources securely.

105
Q

Who is the root user?

A

The person who created the AWS account

106
Q

Should you sign in as the root user for everyday tasks?

A

No, use a IAM account

107
Q

What is an IAM user?

A

an identity that you create in AWS. It represents the person or application that interacts with AWS services and resources.

108
Q

What does an IAM user consist of?

A

a name and credentials.

109
Q

How many IAM users should there be?

A

One for each person trying to access AWS

110
Q

What is an IAM policy?

A

a document that allows or denies permissions to AWS services and resources.

111
Q

How much access should you grant an IAM user?

A

The least amount possible

112
Q

What happens when you assign a policy to IAM group?

A

All the IAM users in that group are granted the permissions specified by the policy

113
Q

What is an IAM role?

A

an identity that you can assume to gain temporary access to permissions

114
Q

What does AWS organizations do?

A

consolidate and manage multiple AWS accounts within a central location.

115
Q

When you create an AWS organization, what is automatically created?

A

A root which is the parent container for all the accounts in your organization

116
Q

When in AWS organizations, what can you use to place restrictions on the AWS services, resources, and individual API actions that users and roles in each account can access?

A

Service control policies

117
Q

When in AWS organizations, what can you do to make it easier to manage accounts with similar business or security requirements?

A

Group accounts into organizational units

118
Q

Who can you apply service control policies to?

A

Individual member accounts, the organization root, and organizational units

119
Q

What is AWS artifacts?

A

a service that provides on-demand access to AWS security and compliance reports and select online agreements.

120
Q

What two main sections make up AWS artifacts?

A

AWS Artifact Agreements and AWS Artifact Reports.

121
Q

What is a distributed denial of service attack?

A

a deliberate attempt to make a website or application unavailable to users.

122
Q

What is AWS Shield?

A

a service that protects applications against DDoS attacks.

123
Q

What are the two levels of protection offered by AWS shield?

A

Standard and advanced

124
Q

What is AWS key management service?

A

A service that enables you to perform encryption operations through the use of cryptographic keys

125
Q

What is a cryptographic key?

A

a random string of digits used for locking (encrypting) and unlocking (decrypting) data.

126
Q

What is AWS WAF?

A

a web application firewall that lets you monitor network requests that come into your web applications.

127
Q

What is Amazon inspector?

A

A way to perform automated security assessments on your own stuff

128
Q

What is Amazon guard duty?

A

a service that provides intelligent threat detection for your AWS infrastructure and resources.

129
Q

What is Amazon cloud watch?

A

a web service that enables you to monitor and manage various metrics and configure alarm actions based on data from those metrics.

130
Q

With cloud watch, what can you create that automatically perform actions if the value of your metric has gone above or below a predefined threshold?

A

A cloud watch alarm

131
Q

What is Amazon cloud watch dashboard?

A

A feature that enables you to access all the metrics for your resources from a single location.

132
Q

What is AWS cloud trail ?

A

records API calls for your account

133
Q

What does AWS cloudtrail record?

A

Identity of the API caller, the time of the API call, the source IP address of the API caller, and more.

134
Q

When you enable cloudtrail insights, what does this do?

A

allows CloudTrail to automatically detect unusual API activities in your AWS account.

135
Q

What is AWS trusted advisor?

A

a web service that inspects your AWS environment and provides real-time recommendations in accordance with AWS best practices.

136
Q

What categories of evaluations does AWS trusted advisor have?

A

cost optimization, performance, security, fault tolerance, and service limits

137
Q

In the AWS free tier, what are the 3 offers?

A

Always free, 12 months free, and trails

138
Q

What is the AWS pricing calculator?

A

A service that lets you explore AWS services and create an estimate for the cost of your use cases on AWS.

139
Q

What is the AWS billing and cost management dashboard for?

A

to pay your AWS bill, monitor your usage, and analyze and control your costs.

140
Q

What is consolidated billing?

A

receive a single bill for all AWS accounts in your organization.

141
Q

What AWS feature enables consolidated billing?

A

AWS organizations

142
Q

What allows you to share bulk discount pricing, savings plans, and reserved instances across the accounts in your organization?

A

Consolidated billing

143
Q

What does AWS budgets do?

A

create budgets to plan your service usage, service costs, and instance reservations.

144
Q

How many times a day does the information in AWS budgets update?

A

3 times

145
Q

What is AWS cost explorer?

A

a tool that enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time.

146
Q

How many support plans does AWS offer and what are they?

A

4: basic, developer, business, enterprise

147
Q

Which support selection is free?

A

Basic?

148
Q

How do you pay for support plans?

A

Pay as you go pricing

149
Q

Do you have unlimited access to AWS trusted advisor checks with the basic support plan?

A

No

150
Q

What is the AWS personal health dashboard?

A

a tool that provides alerts and remediation guidance when AWS is experiencing events that may affect you.

151
Q

For the paid support plans, list them from cheapest to most expensive

A

Developer, business, enterprise

152
Q

Which plan is the cheapest that offers unlimited AWS trusted advisor checks?

A

Business

153
Q

Which support plan has a technical account manager?

A

Enterprise

154
Q

What is a technical account managers job?

A

provide guidance, architectural reviews, and ongoing communication with your company as you plan, deploy, and optimize your applications.

155
Q

what does the AWS cloud adoption framework do?

A

Provide guidance to migrate to AWS which is split into six areas of focus, called perspective

156
Q

What does the business perspective of the AWS cloud adoption framework do?

A

ensures that IT aligns with business needs and that IT investments link to key business results.

157
Q

What does the people perspective of AWS cloud adoption framework provide?

A

supports development of an organization-wide change management strategy for successful cloud adoption.

158
Q

What does the governance perspective of the AWS cloud adoption framework provide?

A

focuses on the skills and processes to align IT strategy with business strategy. This ensures that you maximize the business value and minimize risks.

159
Q

What does the platform perspective of the AWS cloud migration framework provide?

A

principles and patterns for implementing new solutions on the cloud, and migrating on-premises workloads to the cloud.

160
Q

What does the security perspective of the AWS cloud migration framework provide?

A

ensures that the organization meets security objectives for visibility, auditability, control, and agility.

161
Q

What does the operations perspective of the AWS cloud migration framework provide?

A

enable, run, use, operate, and recover IT workloads to the level agreed upon with your business stakeholders.

162
Q

What are the 6 R’s of migration?

A

Rehosting, replatforming, refactoring/re-architecting, repurchasing, retaining, retiring,

163
Q

What is rehosting during migration?

A

Moving applications without changes

164
Q

What is replatforming in migration?

A

making a few cloud optimizations to realize a tangible benefit. Optimization is achieved without changing the core architecture of the application.

165
Q

What is refactoring in migration?

A

involves reimagining how an application is architected and developed by using cloud-native features. Refactoring is driven by a strong business need to add features, scale, or performance that would otherwise be difficult to achieve in the application’s existing environment.

166
Q

What is repurchasing in a migration?

A

moving from a traditional license to a software-as-a-service model.

167
Q

What is retaining in migration?

A

keeping applications that are critical for the business in the source environment.

168
Q

What is retiring in migration process?

A

process of removing applications that are no longer needed.

169
Q

What is the AWS snow family?

A

a collection of physical devices that help to physically transport up to exabytes of data into and out of AWS.

170
Q

What are the three members of the AWS snow family?

A

AWS snow cone, AWS snowball, AWS snowmobile

171
Q

What is the capacity of AWS snow cone?

A

2 CPUs, 4GB of memory, 8TB of usable storage

172
Q

What are the two types of devices of AWS snowball?

A

AWS snowball edge storage optimized, AWS snowball edge compute optimized

173
Q

What is the storage and compute of Amazon snowball edge storage optimized?

A

80tb of storage, 40 CPUs

174
Q

What is the snowball edge compute optimized storage and compute capacity?

A

42 tb storage, 52 CPUs

175
Q

What are serverless applications?

A

applications that don’t require you to provision, maintain, or administer servers.

176
Q

What is Amazon sagemaker?

A

A machine learning development offering from AWS

177
Q

What is the storage capacity of AWS snowmobile?

A

100 petabytes

178
Q

What is Amazon transcribe?

A

Convert speech to text

179
Q

What is Amazon comprehend?

A

Discover patterns in text

180
Q

What is Amazon fraud detector?

A

Identify potentially fraudulent online activities

181
Q

What is Amazon lex?

A

Build voice and text chatbots

182
Q

What are the 5 pillars of a well architected framework?

A

Operational excellence, security, reliability, performance efficiency, cost optimization

183
Q

What are the 6 benefits of cloud computing?

A

Trade upfront expense for variable expense, benefit from massive economies of scale, stop guessing capacity, increase speed and agility, stop ending money running and maintaining data centers, go global in minutes

184
Q

What is AWS Athena?

A

an interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL.

185
Q

What does AWS X-ray do?

A

Traces user requests as they travel through your entire application

186
Q

What is Amazon quick sight?

A

a fast, cloud-powered business intelligence service that delivers insights to everyone in your organization.

187
Q

Simply put, what is cloud watch for and what is cloud trail for?

A

CloudWatch is for performance monitoring (CloudTrail is for auditing).

AWS (18 decks)

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