Ax and Sx

Question 1

cattle handle standing procedures better than horses do

Answer 1

true

Question 2

similar to horses, cattle tend to have difficulty recovery periods from general anesthesia

Answer 2

false

Question 3

there are no local anesthetics approved for use in cattle

Answer 3

true

Question 4

cattle are most sensitive to xylazine than horses

Answer 4

true

Question 5

anticholinergics (like atropine) are commonly given to cattle undergoing anesthesia to reduce the amount of saliva that it produced

Answer 5

false

Question 6

which method of dehorning is used when “cosmetic dehorning” is wanted by the owner

Answer 6

surgical saws

Question 7

prior to stand procedures, how long should food and water be withheld

Answer 7

water 6-12 hours
food 12 - 36 hours

Question 8

what is the most commonly used anesthetic in cattle

Answer 8

xylazine, very sensitive, yohimbine reverses

Question 9

what dehorner is the most popular style of scoop dehorners for small and medium horns

Answer 9

the lever type or barnes

Question 10

what nerve block is used for desensitization of the horn and the horn base for dehorning

Answer 10

cornual

Question 11

what medication is given prior to castration in cattle has shown to be cost effective as animals have been shown to have better quality weight gain after castration

Answer 11

meloxicam

Question 12

chemical castration has been used in young bull calves that weigh less than ___ pounds

Answer 12

150

Question 13

the bloodless castration method is completed using an ___ (aka ___). this method allows for the testicles to atrophy within the scrotum, but the scrotum does not slough off

Answer 13

emasculatome, aka closed castration

Question 14

what form of analgesia is typically used in cattle for OB procedures or for the reduction of prolapses?

Answer 14

caudal epidural analgesia

Question 15

____ are extra or accessory teats that can be occasionally found in ruminants

Answer 15

supernumerary teats

Question 16

triple drip is made from

Answer 16

xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine

Question 17

what is it called when the horn buds are removed before the horns begin to grow

Answer 17

disbudding

Question 18

a ___ block involves placing a tourniquet on the limb and injecting local anesthetic IV distally

Answer 18

bier block

Question 19

which tool used for castrations has the ability to crush and sever the spermatic cord simultaneously

Answer 19

emasculators

Question 20

what is the most common location for caudal epidurals performed in cattle

Answer 20

first intercoccygeal space

Question 21

banding or _____ is a castration method in which a rubber band is placed around the scrotum. necrosis and sloughing of the testicles and scrotum

Answer 21

elastrator

Question 22

the ____ block desensitizes all layers of the flank, from the skin down to the peritoneum

Answer 22

paravertebral

Question 23

cornuectomy is another name for

Answer 23

dehorning

Question 24

this dehorning method is not highly reliable in completely killing the germinal tissue and often results in partial horn growths

Answer 24

chemical cautery

Question 25

cattle are prone to __ and ___ during general anesthesia

Answer 25

bloat, regurgitation, hypoventilation, compartment syndrome

Question 26

the two methods of intubating cattle are

Answer 26

palpation and direct visualization (long blade laryngoscope)

Question 27

block used as an adjunct to the cornual nerve block in cases of cosmetic dehorning

Answer 27

ring block

Question 28

____ can be used to help calm nervous cattle but the drug does not have strong tranquilizing effects

Answer 28

acepromazine

Question 29

most procedures in cattle are performed in the __ position

Answer 29

standing

Question 30

cattle should be allowed to recover in ___ recumbency whenever possible

Answer 30

sternal

Question 31

tourniquets should not be left on longer than ___ as pain, swelling and tissue necrosis can begin to occur

Answer 31

2 hours

Question 32

how long do caudal epidurals last (on average)

Answer 32

1-2 hours

Question 33

the ____ block uses multiple nerve blocks in order to create a large region of flank anesthesia

Answer 33

paravertebral

Question 34

how long do bier blocks last

Answer 34

as long as the tourniquet is in place

Question 35

nerve block that requires the local anesthetic to be deposited in several layers and uses large volumes of local anesthetic

Answer 35

L block

Question 36

proper padding and positioning must be applied during anesthetic procedures as cattle can develop ___ just like horses

Answer 36

compartment syndrome

Question 37

2 main ways to approach the nerves used for a paravertebral block

Answer 37

a dorsal approach near the intervertebral foramina, and a lateral approach near the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Question 38

the 3 methods of surgical dehorning

Answer 38

surgical saws, spoon dehorners, lever type ( barnes)

Question 39

surgical saws dehorning method

Answer 39

circular skin incision is made around the base of the horn and then removing the horn and the horn base

Question 40

tube or spoon dehorning method

Answer 40

handheld gouges are placed over the developing horn and are twisted in a circular motion to cut away the horn and horn base

Question 41

lever type dehorning method

Answer 41

the barnes dehorner, handles held together while opening is placed over the horn and the horn base

Question 42

what is the least expensive and least toxic local anesthetic used in cattle

Answer 42

lidocaine

Question 43

regurgitation precautions

Answer 43

cuffed et tube, rapid intubation, withhold food/water properly, do not roll unless cuffed et tube