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DMD 5221 > Axial Muscles > Flashcards

Axial Muscles Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What artery runs either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid?

A

Maxillary artery

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2
Q

What muscle of mastication is surrounded by pterygoid venous plexus?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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3
Q

The buccal branch of what cranial nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid?

A

CN V

Innervated by CN V3

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4
Q

Which muscle of mastication contacts:

Parotid gland, inferior alveolar artery, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, and chorda tympani nerve?

A

Medial pterygoid

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5
Q

The parotid duct, transverse facial artery, and branches of CNVII pass superficial to what muscle of mastication?

A

Masseter

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6
Q

The branches of what cranial nerve pass superficial to the masseter?

A

CN VII

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7
Q

Which muscle of mastication does not elevate the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Which muscle of mastication does not protrude the mandible?

A

Temporalis

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9
Q

Which muscle of mastication is the main postural muscle (maintains the mandible in rest position)?

A

Temporalis

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates all 4 muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

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11
Q

What 4 muscles, other than the muscles of mastication, are innervated by CN V3?

A

Mylohyoid
Anterior digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palitini

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12
Q

O, I, A, N for sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle of anterior neck

O: Manubrium and clavicle

I: Mastoid region of the skull

A: Bilateral - flexes neck. Unilateral - rotation; face turns to contralateral side. Head tilts ipsilaterally

N: CN XI and C2-C3

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13
Q

Scalenes: Attachment, Action, Innervation

A

Oblique cervical muscles

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Attach to TP of C2-C7 and the first 2 ribs.
Elevate the ribs or flex the neck.
Innervated by C4-C6.

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14
Q

What artery and plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene?

A

Subclavian artery

Brachial plexus

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15
Q

What vein and nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene?

A

Subclavian vein

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

List the muscles of the anterior neck: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Suprahyoid muscles

  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric

Infrahyoid muscles

  • Thyrohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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17
Q

OIAN - Digastric

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Anterior belly - mandible (deep side of inferior border, digastric fossa); Posterior belly - mastoid notch

I: Hyoid bone

A: Elevates hyoid; depresses and retracts the mandible during swallowing

N: Anterior - CN V3 (mylohyoid branch); Posterior - CN VII (digastric branch)

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18
Q

OIAN - Stylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Styloid process

I: Hyoid bone

A: Elevates hyoid during swallowing

N: CN VII

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19
Q

OIAN - Mylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Mylohyoid line of mandible

I: Hyoid bone

A: Tightens and elevates oral floor; draws hyoid forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible; assists in moving mandible side to side (chewing)

N: CN V3 (mylohyoid branch)

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20
Q

OIAN - Geniohyoid

A

Suprahyoid bone

O: Inferior mental spine (genial tubercle)

I: Hyoid bone

A: Draws hyoid bone forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible

N: C1, via CN XII

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21
Q

Which masticatory muscles close/elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter
Medial pteryfoid
Temporalis

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22
Q

Which masticatory muscles open/depress the mandible?

A 
Gravity
Lateral pterygoid (primary)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (secondary)
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23
Q

Which masticatory muscles protract/protrude the mandible?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Lateral pterygoid (primary)
Medial pterygoid (secondary)
24
Q

Which masticatory muscles retract/retrude the mandible?

Study These Flashcards
A

Temporalis (primary)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (secondary)

25
Which masticatory muscles allow lateral movement of the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid (primary) - R pterygoid moves mandible L - L pterygoid moves mandible R All other masticatory muscles (secondary)
26
Which muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?
Mylohyoid - Muscular diaphragm Geniohyoid - Cord-like muscle - Superior to the mylohyoid Tongue - Superior to the geniohyoid muscles
27
OIAN - Omohyoid
O: Superior border of scapula I: Hyoid bone A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing N: Ansa cervicalis
28
OIAN - Sternohyoid
O: Manubrium of sternum I: Hyoid bone A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing N: Ansa cervicalis
29
OIAN - Sternothyroid
O: Manubrium I: Thyroid cartilage A: Depresses thyroid cartilage (Larynx) N: Ansa cervicalis
30
OIAN - Thyrohyoid
O: Thyroid cartilage I: Hyoid A: Depresses hyoid N: C1, via CN XII
31
Which two muscles associated with the hyoid and innervated differently than the others but alike to each other?
Thyrohyoid - Infrahyoid | Geniohyoid - Suprahyoid
32
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus - CN XII Hyoglossus - CN XII Palatoglossus - CN X Styloglossus - CN XII
33
OIAN - Genioglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue O: Superior mental spines (genial tubercle) I: Body of tongue; hyoid bone A: Protract tongue, depress center of the tongue N: CN XII
34
OIAN - Hyoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue O: Body and greater horn of hyoid I: Lateral tongue A: Depresses tongue N: CN XII
35
OIAN - Palatoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue O: Anterior surface of soft palate I: Lateral tongue A: Elevates tongue; depresses soft palate; moves palatoglossal fold toward midline N: CN X
36
OIAN - Styloglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue O: Styloid process I: Lateral tongue A: Elevates and retracts tongue N: CN XII
37
What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Squeeze the tube to squish the food down ``` Superior constrictor (X) Middle constrictor (X) Inferior constrictor (X) ```
38
What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
Lift the pharynx back up Salpingopharyngeus (X) Palatopharyngeus (X) Stylopharyngeus (IX)
39
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
Tensor veli palatini (V3) Levator veli palatini (X) Musculus uvulae (X) Palatopharyngeus (X) - longitudinal muscles of the pharynx Palatoglossus (X) - extrinsic muscle of the tongue
40
A, N - Ciliary body
A: Lens accommodation; constricts, relaxing tension on lens; lens become more rounded N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion
41
A, N - Spincter pupillae muscle
A: Constricts the pupil N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion
42
A, N - Dilator pupillae muscle
A: Dilates pupil N: Sympathetic control, C1, via superior cervical ganglion
43
AN - Levator palpebrae superioris
A: Elevation of upper eyelid N: CN III - superior branch
44
AN - Superior rectus
A: Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball N: CN III - superior branch
45
AN - Inferior rectus
A: Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball N: CN III - inferior branch
46
AN - Medial rectus
A: Adduction N: CN III - inferior branch
47
AN - Lateral rectus
A: Abduction N: CN VI
48
AN - Superior oblique
A: Depression, abduction, medial rotation N: CN IV
49
AN - Inferior oblique
A: Elevation, abduction, lateral rotation N: CN III - inferior branch
50
What is strabismus?
Cross-eyed Lack of coordination of extraocular muscles May affect depth perception
51
If you have lateral strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?
Medial rectus | CN III
52
If you have medial strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?
Lateral rectus | CN VI
53
O, I - Medial Pterygoid
Superficial O: Maxillary tuberosity I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible Deep O: Lateral surface of medial pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid, pterygoid fossa I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible` Most deep m. of mastication
54
O, I - Lateral Pterygoid
Superior O: Greater wing of sphenoid (infratemporal surface) I: Articular disc Inferior O: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate I: Ramus (superiomedial surface) and condylar process
55
O, I - Masseter
Superficial O: Ant. 2/3 zygomatic arch I: Angle of mandible and ramus Deep O: Post. 1/3 zygomatic arch I: Angle of mandible and ramus, and coronoid process
56
O, I - Temporalisi
O: Inferior temporal line I: Travels UNDER zygomatic arch to coronoid process, anterior border of ramus

DMD 5221 (8 decks)

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