Axial Skeleton

Question 1

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 1

22 bones

Question 2

Facial bones

Answer 2

Protect sensory organs
Attachment sites
Alveolar processes and sockets

Question 3

What are the six cavities of the skull?

Answer 3

Cranial cavity - holds the brain
Orbits - eye sockets
Nasal Cavity
Oral cavity 
Middle and inner-ear cavities
Paranasal sinuses - air filled spaces connected to nasal cavity. Named after the bones in which they are found

Question 4

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 4

Decrease skull weight

Resonating chambers

Question 5

What makes something a cranial bone?

Answer 5

Bones that have direct contact with membranes that enclose that brain.

Question 6

What are the three parts of the cranial base?

Answer 6

Anterior cranial fossa - Frontal lobe
Middle cranial fossa - Temporal lobes
Posterior cranial fossa - Cerabellum

Question 7

What are the four parts of the temporal bones?

Answer 7

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous

Question 8

Describe the differences between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 8

Lesser wing - posterior margin of anterior cranial fossa. Posterior wall of orbit. Optic canal.
Greater wing - About half middle cranial fossa. Lateral surface

Question 9

What parts of the skull does the ethmoid bone contribute to?

Answer 9

Roof/walls of nasal cavity
Medial wall of orbit
Nasal septum

Question 10

What kind of bones have no contact with meninges?

Answer 10

Facial bones

Question 11

What bones make up the facial bones?

Answer 11

2 maxillae, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, and inferior nasal conchea
1 vomer and mandible

Question 12

What bone makes up the majority of the hard palate? What does this allow us to do?

Answer 12

The maxillae

Chew and breath at the same time.

Question 13

What is the largest sinus?

Answer 13

Maxillary sinus

Question 14

What makes up the rest of the hard palate?

Answer 14

Palatine bone

Question 15

That three facial features are made up of the palatine bone?

Answer 15

Hard palate, nasal cavity wall, and floor of the orbit

Question 16

What is the smallest skull bone?

Answer 16

Lacrimal bone which is found in the medial wall of each orbit. (think lacrimal fossa collecting the tears from eyes)

Question 17

What is the largest conchae in the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

Inferior nasal conchae. This is not a part of the ethmoid bone

Question 18

How many bones form the orbit?

Answer 18

7 bone

Question 19

What part of the orbit does the frontal bone form?

Answer 19

Roof

Question 20

What bone forms the roof and the posterolateral wall?

Answer 20

Sphenoid

Question 21

What bone forms the lateral wall of the orbit?

Answer 21

Zygomatic

Question 22

True or false -

The maxilla forms the medial wall of the orbit

Answer 22

False the maxilla forms the floor of the orbit

Question 23

What three bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 23

Lacrimal bone, Ethmoid bone, Palatine bone

Question 24

Nasal cavity

Answer 24

Pear shaped, open anteriorly

Question 25

What divides the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

Nasal septum made up of the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 26

What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?

Answer 26

Increases surface area, covered in mucus membrane, and used to moisten, warm and filter air

Question 27

How many bones form the nasal cavity?

Answer 27

9

Question 28

True or false - | There are four bones that form the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 28

True, the frontal bone, nasal bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.

Question 29

What three surfaces are formed by the ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

Roof, septum, and lateral wall

Question 30

What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

Inferior nasal concha and lacrimal bone

Question 31

What forms the septum?

Answer 31

Vomer

Question 32

What two bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 32

Maxilla and palatine bone

Question 33

What does the palatine bone form in the nasal cavity?

Answer 33

Floor and lateral wall

Question 34

What is a fontanelles?

Answer 34

The space between unfused cranial bones, contains fibrous membrane. This helps with child birth allowing for shifting of the skull bones.

Question 35

What is the only bone in the body with no articulation?

Answer 35

Hyoid bone that is found between the chin and larynx

Question 36

What bones are associated with the auditory ossicles?

Answer 36

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 37

What are the four functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 37

Support of the skull and trunk Protects spinal cord Absorbs stress from movement Attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

Question 38

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

Answer 38

33

Question 39

How many groups of vertebrae are there? | What are the names and amount in each group?

Answer 39

Cervical - 7 very top Therasic - 12 middle of back Lumbar - 5 lower back Sacral - 5 Fused into a single bone called the sacrum Coccygeal - 4 fused as a single called the coccyx

Question 40

Explain the functions of the body of the vertabrae and its rough surfaces.

Answer 40

The body is used for weight bearing and the rough surfaces are attachment for intervertebral discs

Question 41

What are the two places on the vertabrea that are used for attachment of ligaments and bones?

Answer 41

Spinous process - extends from the apex of arch | Transverse process - extends laterally from arch

Question 42

What makes the C1 (atlas) special?

Answer 42

Very large vertebral foramen Has no body Supports the head Allows for "yes" nodding

Question 43

What makes the C2 (axis) special?

Answer 43

Allows for rotation of the head | It is the first vertebrae with a spinous process.

Question 44

What vertebrae support the ribs?

Answer 44

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 45

What are the four functions of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 45

Binds adjacent vertebrae together Allows for flexibility for the spine Supports weight of body Absorbs shock from movement

Question 46

What makes up the thoracic cage and what are its functions?

Answer 46

Made up of thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs Encloses lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidneys Attachment for pectoral griddle and upper limbs

Question 47

What are the three regions of the sternum?

Answer 47

Manubrium - Broad superior portion Body (gladiolus) - longest part and where the ribs attach Xiphoid process - inferior point, attachment for abdominal muscles

Question 48

Where does the head of the ribs articulate?

Answer 48

The head attaches to the thoracic vertebrae.

Question 49

What are true ribs and how many are there?

Answer 49

Ribs that are directly connected to the sternum

Question 50

True or false - | There are 5 false ribs that do not connect to anything on the distal end.

Answer 50

False there are 5 false ribs that do not independently connect to the sternum. This also includes floating ribs (2) that have no cartilage connection on the distal end.

Question 51

What makes the C1 rib different from the rest?

Answer 51

It is short, flat and C- shaped | Articulates with the T1

Question 52

What is different about T11-12?

Answer 52

No tubercles to the transverse process

Question 53

What four bones articulate with the left parietal bone?

Answer 53

Parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal

Question 54

True or false - | True ribs attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

True or false - | There are five pairs of floating ribs.

Answer 55

False - there are 5 pairs of false ribs

Question 56

True or false - | the head of the rib attaches to the transverse process of the vertabea.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

True or false - | Ribs 8-10 are classified as true ribs.

Answer 57

False - 8-10 are false ribs | True ribs are 1-7

Question 58

True or false - | Floating ribs do not attach to the vertabrea.

Answer 58

False - Floating ribs are attached to the vertabrea but they are not attached to the sternum.

Question 59

The _______ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

Answer 59

Jugular notch

Question 60

The nasal septum is composed partly of the same bone as _______

Answer 60

The cribriform plate